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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused many adverse effects, including increased stress in patients.Aim: The present study was conducted with aim to determine the effect of an online self-care training program on perceived stress in COVID-19 patients.Method: This randomized control trial study was fulfilled by recruiting 132 COVID-19 patients, referred to two hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, 2021. The patients were selected using the purposive sampling method and were then randomly allocated into experimental and control groups (n=63 in each group). The online self-care training program was presented to the experimental group in six 30-minute sessions over two weeks. The data were collected through an individual characteristic form and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) at three stages before, immediately, and one month after the intervention. P

IntroductionBarley is the fourth most common cereal crop in the world after wheat, maize, and rice, which is used for animal and human feed and malt production. This plant stands out among crops due to its unexpectedly wide range of adaptation and distribution compared to other cereals, earning it recognition as a model species. Determining the variation in the morphological and physiological traits of roots and shoots in the collection of barley genotypes can provide the basis for breeding new cultivars with suitable traits for better adaptation to specific environments. So in this study, some morphophysiological characteristics of roots and shoots of commercial barley cultivars were studied to identify cultivars with a higher root-to-shoot ratio as donor parents for breeding projects.Materials and MethodsIn this study, 21 barley cultivars were grown in a randomized complete block design with six replications in greenhouse conditions. Morphological and physiological traits related to roots and shoots were measured during the tillering and heading stages. Also, some traits affecting photosynthesis and yield during reproductive growth and harvesting stages were measured. Analysis of variance, mean comparison by LSD test at 5% probability level, and multivariate statistical analyses including principal components analysis, cluster analysis by Ward method, correlation analysis, and path analysis were performed by JMP and R statistical software.Results and DiscussionSignificant genetic diversity was observed for most of the traits among cultivars (P < 0.05). At the tillering stage, Behrokh and Mehtab cultivars and in the heading stage, Jolgeh cultivar showed the highest dry weight of root to shoot ratio. Reyhan variety showed the lowest dry weight of root-to-shoot ratio in both stages. The carbohydrate content of the root in the tillering stage and leaf proline, root volume, and the ratio of chlorophyll a to carotenoid in the heading stage had the highest significant correlation coefficients with dry weight of root to shoot ratio (P < 0.05). Path analysis revealed that the root carbohydrate content in the tillering stage and the ratio of chlorophyll to carotenoids and proline in the heading stage are the most effective traits of the dry weight of root-to-shoot ratio. Principal components analysis showed that the first and second principal components explain 33.63% and the first seven principal components explain 72.66% of the total changes. Also, the first principal component showed a positive and significant correlation with root to root-to-shoot ratio in the heading stage, and the second principal component showed a negative and significant correlation with this ratio (P < 0.05). The studied cultivars were classified into four groups based on cluster analysis so that the fourth and second clusters in the tillering stage and the third and second clusters in the heading stage had the highest and the first cluster in both stages had the lowest dry weight of root to shoot ratio.ConclusionBased on the results, Jolgeh and Reyhan cultivars can be used in breeding programs to improve and produce cultivars with higher root-to-shoot ratio, optimal yield, and more adapted to specific environments. These cultivars had the highest and the lowest dry weight of root-to-shoot ratio in both stages, respectively. Also, they were placed in different dimensions of the biplot drawn based on the first two principal components. In addition, these cultivars were observed in different classes based on the cluster analysis.AcknowledgmentThis project related to the Ph.D. thesis was financially supported by the Vice President for Research of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, and the seeds of the cultivars used in this study were provided by the Karaj Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, the authors are thankful for this cooperation.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate alpha power in successful and unsuccessful free throws of elite and novice basketball players.Methods: The current research was quasi-experimental and was implemented in a time series design. Two Elite (10 participants with a mean age of 22.25 ± 1.34) and Novice (10 participants with a mean age of 22.55 ± 1.80) groups participated voluntarily. The data were measured using 28 electrodes from a 32-channel wireless device and were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance test (p≥0.05).Results: The alpha power of the elite group was higher than the novice group (P=0.001). The successful throws showed lower alpha power than unsuccessful throws (P=0.006). In the comparison of the two groups, the alpha power in the unsuccessful throws of the elite group was higher than in their successful throws (p=0.001), but no difference was observed between the alpha power of the successful and unsuccessful throws of the novice group (p=0.584). The alpha power during the execution time of the free throw task was higher than the pre-execution time (p

Introduction: Research has shown that neglecting psychological skills such as mindfulness leads to a decline in physical and psychological performance in people. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a course of mindfulness exercises on working memory indexes in adolescents. Method: The present study was a semi-experimental study with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of teenagers aged 14 to 18 years in the first district of Tehran city in 2022. The participants included 20 adolescents (10 girls and 10 boys) who were available, selected, and randomly divided into two 10-member mindfulness and control groups. The mindfulness group exercises lasted 20-45 minutes per session for 6 weeks. Corsi Block software was used to measure working memory indexes. Mixed analysis of variance and independent and paired t-tests were used to analyze the data. All statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS software version 21 at the P

The use of artificial diet provides the possibility of continuous mass- rearing of insects throughout the year. In current research, life- table parameters of Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lep.: Tortricidae) on six different diets under laboratory condition (temperature 25 ± 1 °C, 60±5% RH, and 16:8 hours (light: dark) were investigated. Diets include 1) modified version of the diet of Brinton et al. (1969), 2 and 3) modified versions of the diet of Bathon (1981), 4) diet of Fukova et al. (2005), 5) apple, and 6) apple leaf. The results showed that development time of codling moth were longest (51.17 days) with diet one and shortest (48.01 days) with diet six, respectively. The results of the tests also showed that the larval duration, the pupal duration on male, and the adult longevity in both, female and male, had significant differences. The longest pre-oviposition (2.01d) and oviposition (7.21d) periods were found on diet six and five, respectively. The females that fed on diet four (141.2 egg/female) and six (91.3 egg/female) in the larval period produced the highest and lowest eggs, respectively. The highest growth index of all life stages of codling moth was obtained by feeding the diet four. The population parameters indicated that all diets will display growth under the studied conditions, being the mean generation time (T) significantly shorter when using diet four (46.14 days) than others. Based on the preadult and adult results pointing to diet four being a more efficient diet, as well as the fecundity values provided by this diet, suggest that diet four could be improved and used as an alternative to a natural diet shortly.

Background & aim: The prominent role of HIF1α gene in adaptation to aerobic exercise has been confirmed. So far, there is no accurate information about the genotypes of this gene, so the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the amount of changes in maximum oxygen consumption in response to aerobic exercise among carriers of different HIF-1α genotypes. Methods: The present semi-experimental study of developmental and applied type was conducted in 2021. The studied samples were 23 inactive overweight women (height 157 ± 2.8 cm, weight 74 ± 1.8 kg, age 38 ± 5.4 years, body mass index 32 ± 2.4 kg/m2, selection and They participated in 8 weeks of aerobic training including 5 sessions per week and each session lasting 30 minutes with increasing intensity (55-75% of maximum heart rate). Before and after the training period, aerobic power (VO2max) was measured through the Bruce test. Sample Saliva was collected from all the subjects within 24 hours and sent to the laboratory to determine the genotype. The subjects were divided into two genotypic groups, including CC and CT. The collected data were analyzed using Levin's and independent t-tests at the 95% confidence level. became Results: The findings indicated that the aerobic capacity of CC and CT genotypes of HIF1-α gene increased. No significant difference was observed between the two genotype groups (p=0.079 and p=0.544). Although to some extent, the average value of changes in aerobic power of CT genotype after 8 weeks of aerobic training was higher than the other two genotypes, but this difference was not significant. Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic training led to an increase in aerobic capacity in inactive obese women, and in this regard, the increase of HIF1-α followed by the induction of hypoxia plays a role. However, it does not seem that there is a difference between the different genotypes of the gene. HIF1-α is present in these changes.

A high example of battle and honor in romance (a subgenre of narrative poetry in European literature), the idea of the knight and chivalry developed gradually across history from the early Roman Empire to the middle of the Middle Ages. One of the first well-known French romance authors, Chértin de Troyes, penned six poems on the stories of King Arthur, of which five have survived: Ork and Enid, Eoin: The Lion Knight, Cleggs, Percival: The Tale of the Cup, and the Chariot Knight. The romance of the charioteer by Dutroy holds a significant position in the legends of King Arthur because it lays the foundation for the duties and ideals of chivalry, such as courtly love, respect for ladies, and Christian principles, by bringing the French Lancelot to the group of the king's knights. This love story was translated into Farsi by Mirjalaluddin Kezazi and published as Shaheswar Arabeh. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate how well Kezazi's translation of Shaheswar Arabeh, one of the most well-known medieval romances, adheres to the original text. This study looks at how well Kazzazi's translation of Shaheswar Arrabeh adheres to the rules of chivalry, the language used in the original text, and how these rules and the culture of chivalry are reflected in the translation based on the action space of the text. Semantic content creates action via cohabitation in a chain and is focused on the activities of characters or agents of action and the consequences created by them. They encompass the explicit meanings coming from the action and relationships of the component pieces of the text. To observe the romantic style and the chivalric customs, the translation of Shaheswar Arrabeh has been analyzed on the three levels of words, tone, and grammar. To observe the romantic style and the chivalric customs, the translation of Shaheswar Arrabeh has been analyzed on the three levels of words, tone, and grammar. The words, tone, and grammar used in each of these three levels have been evaluated while being compared to similar elements in the original text to identify and analyze the similarities and differences. These comparisons were made to assess the language's archaism (archaicism), brutality and combativeness, expression of tenderness and elegance, use of folk literature, and narrative and descriptive language. The results of this study demonstrate how Kazzazi deviates from the original text's style by insisting on utilizing archaic and epic terms rather than lyrical words and folk idioms, which are key elements of the medieval romance language. The translation language deviates from the romantic style and violates the fundamental tenets of chivalric culture on a tonal level due to archaism, epic and non-narrative mood, and the preference for Persian occlusive sounds over Arabic abrasive sounds. Grammar-wise, Kazazi did not adhere to the medieval romance style and did not respect the language of chivalry, as seen by the supremacy of the epic language over the lyrical language, the intricacy of the phrase, and the archaic syntax.

The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L., is one of the major and economic pests of cruciferous plants in the world which has destructive effects on the rapeseed, Brassica napus L. In this research, for accurate estimating of the cabbage aphid population, three sampling methods (photography, measuring the average length of the infected stem and average weight of the aphid) as the main treatments were separately compared to direct count method, as the control treatment during budding, flowering and sheathing stages of rapeseed. For each stage, twenty-two canola plants were chosen and from each chosen plant, top stem covering completely by the aphids was selected as the sampling unit. The results showed that measuring the average length of the infected stem and average weight of aphid methods were significant difference with direct count method during budding, flowering and sheathing stages. However, there was no significant difference between photography and direct count methods during budding stage. Based on this, the photography method with maximum average of correction factor (0.790), coefficient of determination (0.9315) and relative net precision (RNP) (51.56) is the best and most accurate technique for precise estimation of cabbage aphid population during budding period. According to the obtained results of this study, choosing the correct sampling method at the right time can promote the integrated management programs of cabbage aphid.

Introduction: The present study aimed to develop a model of the relationship between trait anxiety and the components of attentional styles in athlete students.Methods: The current research strategy was descriptive and correlational, with the approach of developing a correlational model. In three stages, the attentional styles questionnaire was translated into Persian and was evaluated psychometrically. Its process consisted of the French version translation into Persian, re-translation into French, and the final translation. In this study, 245 athletes were selected conveniently from the student population of Shahid Beheshti University. Participants completed attentional styles and trait anxiety questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient for two factors of top-down and bottom-up attention was 0.70 and 0.72, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the factor loadings of five items (items 2 and 4 of the top-down attention factor, and items 3, 8, and 9 of the bottom-up attention factor) were less than 0.4, so they were removed. SEM results showed that trait anxiety has an inverse and significant relationship with top-down attention and a direct and significant relationship with bottom-up attention. Conclusion: The results of the present study highlighted the importance and necessity of paying attention to the relationship between trait anxiety and the components of attentional styles in athletes. Therefore, in planning training programs and improving sports performance, taking this relationship into account can be an effective step in preventing adverse outcomes in sports competitions.

According to landscape definition, interaction is a key concept in landscape formation. Using strategies to increase the influence of the interaction elements (humans and the environment) in shaping and communicating with the landscape is an emerging concern that can be a major part of technology implementation in recent times. The interactive landscape is a different step towards strengthening the relationship between humans and places in a more purposeful approach. As a result, this article attempts to more precisely identify the interaction, as well as the characteristics and features that effectively improve the relationship between humans and the environment. In this regard, the environment and the occurrence of interaction, and the characteristics that affect it, are identified on the one hand, and human beings and human characteristics that affect the two-way relationship with the environment are identified on the other hand. The current study aims to answer the following question: What environmental and human characteristics are efficient in enhancing human interaction with the environment and forming an interactive landscape? This study aims to develop people’s relationships with the environment and strengthen the landscape’s interactive aspect. This article employs a descriptive-analytical approach to first investigate the concept of interaction and then analyze it to determine the effective indicators of interaction occurrence. Then, taking into account the importance of humans and the environment in the concept of landscape, it identifies environmental and human components that affect the strengthening of effective characteristics on the occurrence of interaction in the landscape by analyzing the contents based on human nature and the environment. This research suggests that to enhance the occurrence of interaction between humans and the environment, characteristics such as two-way relationships, activeness, variability, responsiveness, effectiveness, and affectedness need to be taken into consideration. Furthermore, the conditions of occurrence of interaction with the environment can be strengthened by using human and environmental characteristics based on their natures.

Introduction: As one of the diseases transmitted through water and food, shigellosis is one of the health problems in developing countries. This study was conducted in order to investigate the outbreaks of bloody diarrhea caused by Shigella in patients with positive cultures in Isfahan province during 2014-2016. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. Information of 280 infected patients with positive Shigella cultures based on demographic information, age, sex, place of residence, clinical symptoms, history of food consumption, and the date of illness and referral to medical centers were analyzed using SPSS16 software, checking percentages and frequencies, chi-square and t-tests were investigated. Results: The percentage of female patients of this study was 51.1% and male was 48.9% with a mean age of 25.53± 21.36; 27.1% of patients were housewives and 94.3% were Iranians. 97.1% of patients, in addition to positive cultures, red blood cells were also reported in microscopic examination of their stool samples. . 23.26% of patients had fever, 19.86% had nausea and 16.99% had obvious bloody diarrhea. 26.88% of patients had a history of consuming vegetables and 94.1% of them referred to medical centers in the first three days to receive medical services. Furthermore, 45.5% of these patients were hospitalized and 54.5% were treated as outpatients and finally 100% of patients recovered. Conclusion: Community education for food hygiene is one of the essential educational needs and also the development of vegetable preparation centers in the form of packaging and having a health code is one of the essential needs in terms of health and food security.

Objective The first step in understanding a species’ genome is to study the number and shape of its chromosomes. Determining the relationship between species of a genus, traits such as chromosome morphology, absolute chromosome size, diversity in coloring, centromere position chromosome base number, and numbers of satellites must be considered. This study aimed to investigate cytogenetic diversity and to determine the relationship between native garlic ecotypes of Iran (Shahroud, Bojnurd, Mashhad, Birjand, Talish) with foreign specimens (originated from Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan) and to prepare genome analysis based on chromosomal information. Materials and methods From the mitotic cells in the metaphase stage, which were prepared from the terminal meristem of the root and stained with acetoorcein, five suitable metaphase cells were selected and the length of short and long arms and the total length of chromosomes were measured using Karyotype Analysis Software (ver.1.5). Data were analyzed by JMP8 statistical software in an unbalanced completely randomized design. Mean comparisons were performed by Duncan test. To classify ecotypes, based on all chromosomal parameters, cluster analysis was performed using the Ward method. Results The results showed that the basic number of chromosomes in Turkmenistan and Bojnurd ecotypes was x=7, 2n=2x=14, and in other ecotypes x=8, 2n=2x=16. Short arm length, long arm length, and total chromosome length were significantly different (P≤0.01) between ecotypes. Cluster analysis divided the ecotypes into two groups. Minimum Euclidean distance observed between Azerbaijan and Talish ecotypes, the smallest chromosome belonged to Mashhad and the largest chromosome belonged to Shahroud. The most symmetric karyotype was Azerbaijan and the most asymmetric karyotype was the Shahroud ecotype. Conclusions The results showed that the differences in the number of chromosomes could be explained by Robertsonian translocations. It seems that the ecotypes with 2n=2x=14 chromosomes had more antiquity, and the ecotypes with 16 chromosomes originated from them. Considering that the Bojnourd ecotype with 14 chromosomes this region could be possibly introduced as the oldest origin or nuclear center of variation for garlic in Iran. Chromosomes also differ in the size and location of the centromere, which is due to chromosomal breakdown and the formation of a new structure in their reconnections. This study revealed which ecotypes are distant among the studied ecotypes, and also showed to produce possible future hybrids, in which direction will be more successful.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the performance of some of the extracted information for mapping land degradation using remote sensing and field data in Fras province. Maps of vegetation cover, net primary production, land use, surface slope, water erosion, and surface runoff indicators were extracted from MOD13A3, MOD17A3, Landsat TM, SRTM, ICONA model, and SCS model, respectively. The rain use efficiency index was obtained from the net primary production and rainfall map, which was calculated from meteorological stations. The final land degradation map was prepared by integrating all the mentioned indicators using the weighted overlay method. According to the ICONA model, 5.1, 9, 47.21, 27.91, and 10.73 percent of the study area were classified as very low, low, moderate, severe, and very severe water erosion; respectively. Overlaying the ICONA map with other indicators showed that very high and high classes, moderate, and low and very low classes of land degradation covered 1.3, 18.7, 70, 0.9, and 9.1 percent of the study area, respectively. According to the results, integrating remote sensing with ICONA and SCS models increases the ability to identify land degradation.

Many scholars, particularly social linguists, place a strong emphasis on how society and the environment influence how languages change through time. They contend that the social and institutional language of the military is influenced by culture, which responds to extralinguistic and environmental elements. Gender is examined as an extralinguistic component in connection to language creation in addition to aspects including the environment, social structure, attitudes, and values. Color is unquestionably one of the most crucial and successful components in the construction of literary works. Poets utilize color to communicate high-frequency abstract ideas to their audience. Among them is "Zeinab Habash," a poet of the Palestinian resistance who experienced the hardships of his time and wrote poetry to capture the freedom, suffering, and anguish of the Palestinian people. The interpretation of color in this poet's poetry and the identification of its uses appear crucial and imperative since the color is one of the symbolic aspects of current poetry and one of the essential elements of imagination. Therefore, the aim of this descriptive-analytical study is to investigate the role of colors and words in communicating sustainability concepts in the female writing of "Zeinab Habash" and to explain the qualitative and quantitative use of colors in her poems. The use of the element of color is an expression of the difference between this poet and other Palestinian female speakers. As far as the ratio of the positive use of colors to their negative usage is practically twofold and represents the optimistic thinking of the poet Zainab Habash; colors are frequently used to create positive notions. He employed the primary colors of red, black, green, white, and yellow; however, he avoided using blue in any form since he despises and does not regard the occupiers, who are represented by this color. Despite their low frequency, the two shades of wheat and silver have a very specific purpose in the poet's paintings and have given them fresh color and gloss.

Introduction: Having Control over performance is one of the most important factors for success in the shooting. Research had shown that the more information a person has about the function of their body, the better control they will have over it. This study aimed to determine the effect of heart rate biofeedback along with relaxation training on the performance and gaze behavior of shooters.Methods: 16 semi-skilled shooters with an average age of 18 to 40 years were selected using the available sampling method. Participants were homogeneously assigned to the training (heart rate biofeedback with abdominal relaxation training) and the control groups. Before and after the practice interventions, all participants performed 20 shots from a 10 meters distance, while shooting accuracy scores were measured by Scat software and their gaze behavior were measured by an eye tracking device. Then, participants of the experimental group performed 30 minutes of heart rate biofeedback and abdominal relaxation intervention for four weeks, and three sessions per week.Results: The results of two-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference in the shooting accuracy score of players’ performance, but there was no significant difference in the gaze behavior of shooters between intervention and control groups in the post-test compared to the pre-test.Conclusion: Overall, biofeedback with relaxation training was able to improve the performance of semi-skilled shooters. However, there was no significant difference in the gaze behavior of shooters due to the improvement of the indicators of this variable.

Today, the degree of economic efficiency is affected by the levels of technological capabilities,determines the position, level of competitiveness and differentiation of the economies of countries or two competing industrial sectors, Its effects are palpable in the extent of their integration into global value chains and market share. In this research, first the accumulation of technological capabilities of firms in advanced and latecomers has been studied and then studies have focused on explaining and analyzing the technological gap of Iran's petrochemical industry and providing a policy framework to fill this gap. A review of the research background shows that there is no comprehensive and integrated framework for identifying technological capabilities and firms in the catch-up process have used various models in accordance with their technological ecosystem.The knowledge-enhancing contribution of this research is the identification of technological capabilities and effective components in the catch-up stages of the petrochemical industry, which in this regard by examining, comparing and combining the findings resulting from the research background,and using case study method and theme analysis, an attempt has been made to identify the technological capabilities required in the steps of technological catch-up.Determining the extent of technological gap in the industry, typology of capabilities, comparing the catch-up process of latecomers chemical firms with leading ones, identifying the dimensions of required technological capabilities and policy factors and requirements affecting catch-up, and providing a policy framework to fill the technology gap are some of the achievements of this study.Policy-making to be used in petrochemical industry development plans.

Background: Endotracheal extubation is associated with high complications such as sore throat, cough, and hoarseness.Aim: This study was performed aimed to compare the effect of green tea and licorice gargle on sore throat, cough, and hoarseness after endotracheal extubation.Method: This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in the operating rooms and surgical wards of two hospitals in Tehran during 2020-2021. A total of 102 candidates for elective surgery were allocated to licorice, green tea, and control groups by simple random allocation. The scores of sore throat, cough, and hoarseness were assessed one hour after endotracheal extubation. After the gag reflex returned, 30 cc of the prepared solutions was given to the patients to gargle for 30 seconds. The intervention was repeated two hours later. The scores were assessed in the three groups immediately after the first stage of the intervention (post test1), and two hours after the second stage of the intervention (Post-test 2). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and One-way Analysis of Variance-ANOVA, Repeated Measure ANOVA and post hoc test. P 0.05).Implications for Practice: Gargle of licorice solutions or green tea is recommended as a non-pharmacological and low-cost intervention to reduce post-extubation complications.

Antennas, which are usually installed on the outer shell of these systems, are therefore always exposed to the thermal fluctuations of the space environment. Thermal fluctuations cause the antenna surfaces to expand, contract and distort and can cause the antenna to malfunction. In this paper, the effects of thermal expansion and contraction due to an LEO orbital mission on the radial characteristics of two X-band reflective antennas, one broadband antenna and the other narrowband, And the resulting radiation characteristics are compared with the characteristics of equivalent sample antennas at ambient temperature. Analyses show that narrowband antennas are very vulnerable to thermal fluctuations and, therefore, it is necessary to choose the material of the antennas from materials whose thermal expansion coefficient is very small. In addition, choosing the appropriate protection method to maintain the optimal performance of the antenna is one of the most essential activities in the construction of space antennas.

Introduction: Fatigue is a gradual and cumulative process. This mindset is related to the lack of motivation to make any effort, as well as decreased efficiency, attentiveness, and, eventually, malfunction. Aim: The present study aims to investigate how mental and muscle fatigue affects spatial working memory. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental and was performed using the pretest-posttest design. The participants in this study were 20 to 30 year old male students of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran in 2021, of whom, 14 subjects were selected by convincing method as the sample using the G-Power approach and previous investigations. The Mental Fatigue Self-Assessment Scale, Corsi Block software, Stroop software, and the Monark Bike Ergometer were utilized. In addition, the repeated measurement analysis of variance test in SPSS-23 was used to analyze the data. Results: The results indicated that mental fatigue condition had a significant effect on working memory (P=0.002); and has reduced the efficiency of working memory. But muscle fatigue conditions had no significant effect on assessing working memory, and in these conditions there was a better performance in working memory (P=0.065). Conclusion: The findings of this study emphasize the importance of mental fatigue in reducing working memory performance, even though this type of fatigue is related to cognitive and cerebral functioning. Accordingly, the findings are in line with a top-down approach, as well as cognitive perspectives such as generalized motor program theory.

COVID-19 pandemic caused by the newly emerged Coronavirus was first detected in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread throughout the world. With the rapid spread of the disease, all countries involved in accordance with their capacities took necessary measures to identify and manage the disease. The first patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 in Iran in February 2020. Considering the significant role of the laboratory services in detection and management of the disease, planning and programming to provide access to these services was considered as a top priority for healthcare system in Iran. Adopting all existing laboratory capacities and providing necessary infrastructures for expanding COVID-19 laboratory diagnostics, resulted in establishment of a nationwide network of COVID-19 molecular diagnostic laboratories within the shortest possible time. In addition to expanding the capacity of laboratory services, improving the laboratory network’s performance have been taken into serious consideration. In spite of the strict sanctions, the COVID-19 molecular diagnostic laboratories scaled up to more than 430 laboratories currently (September 2021), mostly are operating in the private sector. With considerable efforts, COVID-19 molecular laboratory network was established to provide nationwide diagnostic services. Taking into account the capacity for performing SARS CoV-2 Rapid Antigen testing, at the moment, we are able to provide more than 100,000 COVID-19 diagnostic tests per day. However, due to continuation of the pandemic and in accordance with the needs of the health system, it is necessary to plan and carry out more activities for diagnostic testing of COVID-19. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the process of establishing the COVID-19 laboratory diagnostic network to manage the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.

AbstractResearch results show that the business model, which has received much attention in recent years, has a decisive role in the success of businesses. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize critical factors for business model success. The present study was conducted by the mixed method. The study's statistical population is entrepreneurs, investors, and experts in the information and communication technology industry. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 15 ICT experts. In the quantitative section, 142 questionnaires were collected. An open and axial coding method has been used to analyze the qualitative data. Confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling approach using AMOS software is used in the quantitative part. The results of the quantitative section show that among the factors affecting business model success are dynamics, clear vision and mission, unique value proposition and effective customer relationship, the internal fit of business model elements, difficulty in imitation of business model, and the effective use of resources are essential, respectively.IntroductionBusinesses face a challenging and rapidly changing environment in today's world. A literature review shows that companies with innovative goods and services have failed. All these failures are due to failure to attract customers and inability to compete. Indicates that a good product, service, or advanced technology does not guarantee success (Teece, 2010: 173). Numerous and valuable studies have been done on why entrepreneurs fail. One of the possible reasons for them is the inability of the business to create a competitive advantage and their failure to design a business model (Morris, Schindehutte & Allen, 2005: 727). A business model is an operational path or method used by a company to provide value to customers. New business models can change the industry's rules by introducing new ways and linking strategy to entrepreneurship (Colabi & Karimirad, 2020: 259).However, despite many studies in the field of business model, a business model is a concept that is not well developed due to the youth of this field of research and its extraction from various fields and the lack of consensus on what it is (Amit & Zott, 2015: 332). A literature review shows an insufficient understanding of the business model (Dasilva & Trkman, 2014: 381). The business model is a vague concept that needs more transparency to develop (Ritter & Lettl, 2018: 2). As a result, there is a need to examine essential variables in business model design to guide managers to improve their business model design (Zott et al., 2011: 1028). However, because the factors influencing the success of the business model have not been explicitly examined by researchers, identifying the key factors influencing the success of the business model will be an essential achievement for the business model literature. As a result, this research question is what are the key factors influencing the business model's success?Case studyThe statistical population of this research is entrepreneurs, investors, and experts in Information and Communication Technology in Iran.Theoretical frameworkThe business model can define the activities necessary to produce the product and provide an appropriate framework for managers to make decisions (Ladd, 2018: 59). A literature review shows that different researchers have offered various definitions for the business model. Osterwalder (2005) defines the business model as the architecture of the company and the network of partners to create, market, and create value and capital relationships with one or more segments of customers to create profitable and sustainable revenue streams.Entrepreneurs use the business model to describe the company's logic, how it does business, and create value for stakeholders (Aspara, Lamberg, Laukia & Tikkanen, 2013: 461). To maximize the potential of a business model, businesses must be customer-centric, and a business model must be developed to meet customers' specific needs (Liu & Bell, 2019: 517).MethodologyThis study aims to identify and prioritize the key factors affecting the business model's success. The research method is mixed, and the statistical population of this research is entrepreneurs, investors, and experts in the field of Information and Communication Technology in Iran. Data in the qualitative section has been gathered using a semi-structured interview with 15 experts and entrepreneurs of the ICT industry. In the quantitative area, the views of 142 experts and entrepreneurs of the information and communication technology industry have been gathered using a questionnaire. For analyzing qualitative data, open and axial coding method has been used. In the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis was performed by structural equation modeling approach using AMOS version 23 software.Discussion and ResultsThe results of the quantitative section show that among the factors affecting business model success are dynamics, clear vision and mission, unique value proposition and effective customer relationship, the internal fit of business model elements, difficulty in imitation of business model, and the effective use of resources are important, respectively.ConclusionIn this study, the factors affecting the success of business model design are investigated. However, it should be noted that there is no such thing as a good business model. Each situation is different and requires another solution, and the design of a business model depends on the situation (Alt & Zimmermann, 2014: 244). Analysis of qualitative research data shows that success factors can be divided into internal fit, clear vision and mission, dynamism, effective use of resources, incredible difficulty, effective customer relations, and unique value proposition. Therefore, the most significant contribution of this research is the introduction of variables to design a successful business model.

Introduction: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a method to measure the electrical activity of the heart which is performed by placing electrodes on the surface of the body. Physicians use observation tools to detect and diagnose heart diseases, the same is performed on ECG signals by cardiologists. In particular, heart diseases are recognized by examining the graphic representation of heart signals which is known as ECG. The ECG signals are accompanied by noise due to external sources or other physiological processes in the human body. Method: In this applied research, an adaptive filter based on wavelet transform and deep neural network was proposed to reduce the noise. The proposed method was a combination of wavelet transform, adaptive learning, and nonlinear mapping of deep neural networks. Deep neural network was used with an adaptive filter to reduce more noise in the ECG signal. Results: Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) was used as a criterion to evaluate the quality of the proposed method to remove noise. In fact, the objective of this research was to increase this ratio which indicates higher efficiency of the method based on wavelet transform and deep learning. Conclusion: The results of the simulation showed that the proposed method improved the removal of noise from the ECG signal about 9.56% compared to existing methods. The reason is that the coefficients extracted from adaptive filter were optimized using deep neural network so that it provided a low-noise waveform.

Background: Physical activities are not sufficient to achieve successful performance in sports and other psychological-cognitive variables can improve the level of performance significantly. Recent studies have demonstrated that Augmented feedback has positive effects on learning and performance, but it is important to figure out the most effective and optimal solutions for this matter. Aims: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of accurate and inaccurate (higher/lower) feedback on running economy indicators in untrained individuals. Method: In this quasi-experimental study, twenty-four untrained men between 23-27 years of age were selected through convenience sampling from Shahid Beheshti University. Their maximum speed was measured by a running session test (Vmax Test). Then, they were divided into “duration” and “distance” groups, respectively. Participants in each group completed three running sessions with either accurate or inaccurate (higher/lower) duration or distance feedback. During the sessions, the perceived exertion of each participant was observed by the Borg scale (1982). Furthermore, cardiovascular measurements were recorded through the Gas analyzer system. Spss 22 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The repeated measures ANOVA test has shown that ratings of perceived exertion,vo2 consumption and HR measures were significantly lower during inaccurate-lower feedback trials (P< 0/05). But there were not any significant differences in the dependent variables between duration and distance groups. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that running economy and perceived exertion in untrained men were affected by the provision of inaccurate duration and distance feedback. The study indicated that the Provision of inaccurate-lower duration or distance feedback could result in more economic running performance in untrained people.

Introduction: The current gait profile of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is incomplete and mainly based on a short-time walking without the involvement of different senses. The aim of this study was to investigate the dual-task gait of ADHD and typically-developed (TD) children while receiving sustained visual-vestibular stimulus.Materials and Methods: 21 children with ADHD and 12 TD children (7-10 years) participated in the study. Participants walked on the treadmill in three self-selected speeds three-minute trials in single-task (without visual instructions) and dual-task (simultaneously following visual-vestibular saccade and smooth pursuit stimuli) conditions. Stride length, global angle of the dominant leg, step width, and the variability of these parameters were assessed using a factor analysis of variance at significant level of α = 0.05.Results: The effect of group-stimulus interaction on stride length was not significant (P = 0.860), but its variability was significant [less variability for typical children compared to children with ADHD (P = 0.001)]. The interactive effects on the global angle were significant (P = 0.001), but its variability was not significant (P = 0.720). In without instruction and in smooth pursuit conditions, significant ankle rotation was observed in children with ADHD (P = 0.001) compared to that of typical children. Step width (P = 0.001) and its variability (P = 0.003) were significantly affected and typical children had wider walking with less variability than the other groups (P = 0.001).Conclusion: Different visual-vestibular instructions can affect the gait of the children with ADHD in various ways. These results can be considered as a basis for the integration of dualistic and synergy models and guidance for educators of children with ADHD.

Abstract In complex product and systems development strategies, technological catch-up is one of the most important strategies to reduce the technological gap between latecomer countries and technology leaders, in which latecomer countries can reduce their distance from the leaders by imitation, leap and investment. In the last decade, this strategy has been considered by many researchers, but studies show that many of these experiments have failed due to the lack of attention to all the components that affect the technology ecosystem. Due to the complexity of the economic environment, uncertainties and environmental changes, the actions of the factors affecting the ecosystem are different and it is necessary to consider the effect of these factors on the catch-up process. The results of this study show that the occurrence of successful technological catch-up in complex products and systems, requires the development of technological capabilities, adaptation of governance policies at the national level and proper use of the country's comparative advantages. In this research, focusing on technological capabilities and reviewing the literature and field research, using the combined research method, the factors affecting technological catch-up have been identified, analyzed and prioritized. Findings show key factors including technical and infrastructural capabilities, global value chain integration, governance, technological regimes, social capital, accumulation of wealth and financial resources, physical resources and geographical, economic sanctions, market factors and components, and institutionalization ,they are effective in the occurrence of technological catch-up in the Iranian petrochemical industry.

Introduction: Parallel with the growth of technologies, which affect the telemedicine, timely identification of telemedicine entrepreneurial opportunities seems to be necessary for the product development. This study aimed to identify applied aspects, medical fields, and technological trends in developing future entrepreneurial opportunities in telemedicine. Methods: A three-step framework for identifying future entrepreneurial opportunities was employed as a trend analysis method to identify telemedicine technological trends and the cross impact analysis to predict future strategic trends in the field. This was done by completing the 9*9 matrix in a panel of 5 experts in this field, and reviewing 109 articles in the Scopus database with keyword search (Telemedicine and Opportunity) to identify practical aspects and future of telemedicine opportunities. Results: In the first step, 9 technological trends affecting the future of telemedicine were identified. In the second step, the technological trends of artificial intelligence along with the Internet of Things were identified as effective trends; wearable technologies and cloud computing were identified as strategic trends. In the final step, it was revealed that practical aspects (i.e., prevention, diagnosis, treatment and healthy living), as well as psychology and psychiatry, education, information acquisition, nutrition, and cardiology, shape a great majority of opportunities for telemedicine in the next 5 years. Conclusion: To develop a successful new product in telemedicine, a three-dimensional framework (applied aspects, fields of medicine, and technology) should be considered; therefore, establishing cooperation between technology development companies and health companies seems to be necessary.

Background: Pathological analysis plays an important role in the diagnosis, prediction and planning of cancer treatment. Using digital pathology, ie, scanning and storing digital parts of patient tissue, tools for analyzing these complex images now can be developed. Doctors use a computer diagnostic system from an intelligent assistant to accurately diagnose. These systems have great benefits in improving treatment efficacy. Methods: In this study, the deep neural network classifier has been used with the help of the Tensor Flow framework and the use of the Keras-library. Input images are initially transmitted from a low pass filter to reduce noise effects. The pre-processed images are then imported into a convolutional neural network. Results: The results of the research reveal a significant difference in the accuracy values between different methods with the proposed method, which in some cases indicates an increase of more than 14.18% in the accuracy of the diagnosis. Another advantage of the proposed method is to provide high sensitivity to histopathologic images, which shows an increase of 12 to 18 percent compared to other studies. The reason for this is the excellence of extracting high-level features through convolutional neural network, which is accompanied by a reduction in the size of the feature vector. Conclusion: The results showed a accuracy of %98.6 for skin lesions and %96.1 accuracy for breast cancer histopathologic findings, which offers promising results compared to the results of other studies.

Background and aim: One of the main indicators of the development and scientific credibility of societies at the international level is the scientific outputs of researchers in that country. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the extent to which the strategic goals of the Islamic World Science Citation Database (ISC) have been achieved in Iran and other Islamic countries. Materials and methods: In this applied and evaluative survey, the statistical population was full-time faculty members of Iranian universities (57,000 people) and 382 individuals were selected as a sample using Morgan table and entered into the research by Snowball method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS 21. Findings: According to the respondents, achieving the strategic goals of the ISC has been more successful in Iran than in other member countries of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) in the following areas: 1- Attracting scientific publications in other countries of the Islamic World, 2- Providing grounds for expansion and development of science production and scientometrics, and 3- Creating tools and suitable software and hardware infrastructures for upgrading and meeting the scientific needs of scientists with average ranks and criterion scores of 1.97 (1.03), 1.97 (1.03) and 1.72 (1.28), respectively. Moreover, both Iran and other member countries of the OIC have not been successful in the fields of: 1- Creating opportunities and strengthening the spirit of innovation in the humanities 2- Paying attention to ethical criteria in the production and dissemination of science 3- Providing the possibility of patents and clinical studies of scientists in Islamic countries with average ranks and criterion scores of 1.01 (1.99), 01.1 (1.99), 1.02 (1.98), respectively. Conclusion: According to the respondents, the ISC has been more successful in Iran compared to other member countries of the OIC in achieving strategic goals in regarding scientometric development and providing tools and infrastructures for scientific interactions of Islamic scientists.

In recent decades, design thinking as a new approach to problem solving and innovation has attracted the attention of many researchers in different fields. Many organizations and individuals today are taking advantage of design thinking as they seek to use the skills and processes of designers to come up with solutions to complex problems or create processes that optimize results and improve conditions. However, there is no consensus in the field of research on the basic features, applications, and definitions of design thinking. To elucidate the knowledge of this field and conceptualize design thinking and its role as cognitive constructs in the entrepreneurial literature, this research has comprehensively reviewed 106 conceptual and empirical studies of a total of 2037 articles from 1985 to 2019. This study is a descriptive and systematic literature review. Identification of different conceptualizations of design thinking, tools for designing thinking, models discussed in this field, and its relation to entrepreneurship are the results of this study.

Biological characteristics and feeding rate of Episyrphus balteatus on Nasonovia ribisnigri as an economically important pest of lettuce were evaluated at four constant temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30 ± 1°C), 65 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16L: 8D h. Results showed that the developmental time of the incubation period (egg), first and third instars larvae and pupae of E. balteatus significantly decreased with increasing temperature. Moreover, the duration of developmental time (total immature stages) of this predator decreased with increasing temperature from 24.43 days at 15°C to 13.94 days at 30°C. The feeding rate of E. balteatus was effected by larval instars and temperatures. The 24-hour feeding rate of total larval instars of the predator were 11.48, 13.9, 11.97 and 9.32 nymphs / larva at examined temperatures, respectively.There were no significant differences regarding the developmental time and 24-hour feeding rate of the second larval instar at studied temperatures. The least mortality rate and the greatest 24-hour feeding rate were 12% and 11.6±0.62 third instar nymphs of N. ribisnigri / larva, respectively, in third instar larvae of E. balteatus at 20°C. According to the obtained results and considering high feeding rate of E. balteatus especially at 20°C, seems this predator can be considered as one of the suitable elements for the integrated pest management program of currant lettuce aphid.

Today, tourism is one of the world's highest booming economic sectors and it is such important in socio-economic development that economists have called it “invisible export”. Given the expanding role of tourism in economic prosperity and the existence of religious and historic sites in Khorasan Razavi province, especially the Imam Reza holy shrine, the impact of tourism on the economy of Khorasan Razavi province is studied in form of a two-region input-output model. For this purpose, input-output coefficients of Khorasan Razavi province and other areas of Iran have been calculated with the use of FLQ non-statistical method from the national input-output table of the year 2011. By calculating direct and increasing coefficients of production and employment in Khorasan Razavi province and the rest of the national economy, a two-region input-output model is presented here. The expenditures paid by domestic tourists staying in the province have been added to our model as export of this province. Our findings show that because of domestic tourists in year 2011, production and employment in this province have been increased 12/11 and 11/47 percent respectively. Moreover, The manufacturing sector in Khorasan Razavi did have the highest level of output impact from the arrival of domestic tourists. The tourism-related sectors, such as transportation and warehousing on the one hand, and wholesale and retail on the other hand were placed in the second and third rank respectively.

Nowadays, coating by natural materials is one of the novel food preservation methods with extensive applications. Cheese is a popular food, however, its high daily intake due to its high salt content may threaten the health of consumers. In this study, instead of stored in brine, the novel method for cheese coating was used with the combination of 2% sodium alginate and 3% carboxymethyl cellulose with wild garlic extract at three concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5%. Two uncoated cheese specimens (stored in or out of brine) were considered as the control groups. Physicochemical (pH, acidity and weight loss), microbial (thermophile, psychrophile, mold and yeast count), and sensory properties of the samples were investigated for 21 days at 4 °C. The results showed that during storage, pH decreased significantly (p < 0.05) while acidity, weight loss and microbial load increased. Coating with various ratios affected all of the sensory properties of the cheese samples. So that the highest score of total acceptance was related to the coating with 1.5% wild garlic extract. According to the results, edible coating based on sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose, containing the wild garlic extract, can be used to increase the shelf life of cheese.

Introduction: Disabling behaviors of autism are a prominent factor in differences with normal individuals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of implicit and explicit learning of bimanual coordination on disabling social, communicative, and motor behaviors in autism. Materials and Methods: This was semi-experimental research. 24 patients with autism and with an average age of 10 ± 3 years were divided into three equal groups of implicit learning, explicit learning, and control, with the help of pretest Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (SSRQ). The training groups performed bimanual coordination exercises for six days; the implicit learning group performed low-error learning and the explicit learning group performed full-error learning. Then, all of the subjects were re-measured using SSRQ. On the sixth day, the test was taken into account. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the implicit learning group with the explicit learning and control groups (P = 0.014). This was significant for social interaction index (P = 0.019) and behavioral disorders (P = 0.002), too. However, there was no significant difference in speech disorder index (P = 0.910). Conclusion: It is suggested that error-less learning be used to educate people with high-performance autism. In addition to benefiting from implicit learning features, we can improve behavioral and social performance.

Aims: Nowadays, the use of the experiences and lessons learned by staff, including health care providers, has been emphasized as a key strategy in knowledge management. The aim of this study was to explain the managerial competencies of healthcare staff to discount the number of martyrs and injuries of injured people (veterans) in the Iran-Iraq war. Contributors & Methods: This qualitative study was carried out using the conventional content analysis method in 2018-2019. 119 written narratives of 101 healthcare staff, in the area of providing therapeutic care to martyrs and veterans, were collected and simultaneously analyzed. Principles of qualitative data analysis were used for data analysis. Findings: The analysis of data led to the emergence of three main themes of management and leadership, providing resources and executive management. The sub-themes of management and leadership including planning, organizing and coordinating, decision-making skills and risk appetite, and management stability. Sub-theme of providing resources including providing human resources and providing physical resources. Sub-theme of executive management included readiness, protective and security measures, carelessness and negligence and registration of documents. Conclusion: The managerial competencies of healthcare providers include management and leadership providing resources and executive management, which have been used to discount the number of martyrs and veterans in the Iran-Iraq war.

Background & aim: Obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease and may lead to pathological cardiac hypertrophy, but physical activity (resistance training) modulates some intracellular signaling pathways associated with the regulation of hypertrophy. The aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the effect of resistance training on the expression of cardiovascular regulatory genes in obese male rats. Methods: In the present experimental study which was conducted in 2016, 18 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups of healthy control, obesity control and resistance training, after eight weeks of using high fat diet. The rats were dissected 48 hours after exercise protocol and their heart muscle was separated. The expression of genes (AMPK, mTOR, S6K, 4EBP, COL1, COL3, AngII) was determined by Real time-PCR technique. The amount of transgene was calculated by CT-2ΔΔ method. Data were analyzed by statistical tests. Independent t-test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated that the resistance training group compared to the control group showed an increase in expression of mTOR(p=0.003), 4EBP (p=0.004), which was not statistically significant. On the other hand, expression of S6K (p=0.002) AMPK (p=0.008) increased significantly. Also, there was a decrease in the expression of collagen 1 (p=0.003), collagen 3 (p=0.001) Ang II (p=0.001) which were statistically significant. Conclusion: Obesity in rats seemed to induce cardiac pathological hypertrophy and accelerate the process of cardiac senescence, but resistance training, which was a suitable replacement, partially reduced the negative effects of obesity on cardiac function in the process of cardiac senescence.

Introduction: The quality of stability, which refers to balance, is defined as the power to maintain center of mass in relation to base of support. Considering the fact that elderly who are visually impaired encounter problems related to keep balance and its effect on their social activities, the aim of the current research was to study the effect of physical exercise on using audio-vibratory alarming feedback device on controlling balance among the visually impaired elderly. Materials and Methods: Thirty visually impaired elderly, whose impaired was confirmed using Snellen chart and opticians devices, were randomly chosen and divided into two groups of physical exercise and physical exercise with using biological feedback device. The exercise was of two types of tasks, standing alone or walking along with kinetic and thinking tasks. The elderly chosen for this test participated in posttest and pretest balance assessment using stabilometer. The groups exercised for 12 weeks and twice a week. To analyze the data, we used independent t and repeated measures ANOVA tests. Results: Physical exercise with and without using biological feedback device had significant effect on balance in visually impaired elderly (P = 0.001). Based on the independent t test, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the effect on balance at posttest test; and the group of exercise with using device showed a better performance related (P = 0.035). Conclusion: Doing exercises using alarming biological feedback device can improve balance criteria. In this regard, multi-sensory manipulations based on substitution and adapting approaches can lead to even better results, and increase the effectiveness.

Introduction: Mental fatigue following long-term mental activity is a reason for the performance decrement in sports. Considering the importance of the effect of mental fatigue on selective attention and performance of athletes, the present study aimed to determine the effect of mental fatigue on the effectiveness of alerting and orienting attention networks among athlete students. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study with pre- and posttest design was done to collect the data from 22 athlete students selected using convenient sampling method. Attention network test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of alerting and orienting networks before and after mental fatigue. In addition, they performed the Stroop test for 60 minutes in order to create mental fatigue. Then, repeated measures ANOVA (3 × 2) was utilized for analyzing the data at the significance level of 0.05. Results: A significant increase in reaction time was observed in the speed processing of orienting network in mental fatigue (P = 0.016), while mental fatigue improved the reaction speed in the alerting network (P = 0.280). In addition, the error rate decreased in both alerting networks (P = 0.870) and orienting (P = 0.600), although it was not significant. Conclusion: It may be concluded that mental fatigue could alter cognitive performance and negatively affect both accuracy and speed of the alerting and orienting networks, due to its goal-directed and up-down control. Therefore, it seems that athlete students probably sacrifice the speed for maintaining accuracy in the orienting network, and reduce accuracy for maintaining speed in the alerting network.

Background & Aim: Efforts to improve self-care in patients with heart failure provide better treatment outcomes and longer life expectancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a caring program based on Pender model on health-promoting self-care behaviors in patients with heart failure. Methods & Materials: In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 48 patients with class II or III heart failure, referred to Golestan hospital in Tehran in 2017-2018, were recruited by the purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. For the intervention group, a caring program based on the Pender Health Promotion Model was conducted in six sessions. Data were collected by the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile and the Self-Care Heart Failure Index, before and after the intervention. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used to analyze the data by the SPSS software version 16. Results: The mean scores of the dimensions (except self-actualization) and the total score of health-promoting behaviors and self-care in the intervention group were higher than in the control group after the intervention (P

Successful anticipation is a key factor for success in saving soccer penalty kick for goalkeepers and introducing optimal interventions to enhance this ability can be useful for improving the level of performance. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of quiet eye training on anticipation of penalty kick by expert goalkeepers and their gaze behaviors during this anticipation. Participants were 20 expert goalkeepers working in Tehran pro league matches who were randomly assigned to training and placebo groups and passed tests and training interventions. Gaze data were registered using Pupil eye tracker and penalty kick anticipation was recorded using temporal occlusion paradigm. 30 videos of real penalty kicks by expert soccer players were recorded and ball-foot contact moments were occluded so that goalkeepers could anticipate the direction of ball kicking in those videos. Results of 2*4 mixed ANOVA showed that despite of homogeneity of training and placebo groups in pretest (P>0.05), training group had advantage in other phases and this advantage was maintained under pressure (P

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PST on performance, retention, and transfer under pressure of novice badminton players. 40 novice badminton players were randomly assigned to experimental (20 participants) and placebo-control (20 participants) groups. In acquisition and retention tests, short and long service, toss clear and drop shots were used; in transfer under pressure test, notational analysis was applied. All participants acquired specific badminton skills in 24 sessions over three months. In addition to specific badminton skills, the experimental group received the specific package of PST during 24 sessions (each session 20 min.) while placebo-control group received the same number of sessions about general information on badminton. The results of mixed ANOVA indicated that in all tests, the scores of experimental group were significantly higher than those of the placebo-control group, which indicated the effectiveness of PST on performance and learning of novice male badminton players. The results of this study extended the effectiveness of PST to learning new motor skills.

In this paper, a second order sigma delta modulator is presented that is suitable for medical applications. Using the amplifier and comparator circuits with low power consumption, which are utilized in integrator and comparator, respectively, the power consumption of this modulator has significantly decreased; as one of essential requirements for medical devices. SNDR of the proposed modulator is obtained 102.44 dB which is equal to 16.72 bit implying a high accurate structure. System level analysis and circuit level simulation of the modulator are performed at Matlab and Cadence software, respectively. 180nm CMOS technology is utilized for simulation of the circuit. Comparing the proposed Sigma-Delta modulator with similar works reveals the superior performance of this proposed architecture considering the power consumption and accuracy. In order to accomplish a comprehensive comparison and achieve an overall insight into the performance of the circuit a figure of merit (FOM) is presented including modulator's total power consumption, effective number of bits and bandwidth.

Background and Objective: Addressing the issue of identifying elements of the nature are important to children and increase children's creativity. In such a way that these elements can be presented in a general framework so that designers and architects can rely on them, the most important concepts and items needed in the design, to consider these spaces and apply them. Of course, it should be noted that several environmental factors affect creativity. However, in this study, an attempt is made to identify the factors that have the most impact, so that the needs of children can be met in accordance with their activities and a general framework for designing children's spaces can be proposed. The main difference between this research and other researches is in prioritizing the effective factors in nature from the children's point of view and its effect on creativity and then presenting the results in the form of an overall design framework. Various research has been done on this subject, but in a one-dimensional way and in them only one factor is mentioned, such as the effect of creativity on learning, but none of them presents the effect of nature's role in increasing creativity. The purpose of this research is to determine which natural elements are important from children’s points of view and whether the use and presence of elements are possible in educational locations. This research seeks to find approaches to design school yards based on children’s points of view with regard to the role of nature in their education. Methods: The research method used in this qualitative study is content analysis. Based on the nature of the subject, a questionnaire and the image technique were used as the main method of data collection. The structure of the questionnaire is based on the measures and criteria derived from the subject literature and designed based on Likert scale. In the first stage, 120 questionnaires were provided to children of 7-12 age in the case study. Results of the questionnaires were obtained. To ensure that the results of the questionnaires are expanded, the researcher, in the second phase, provided some pictures relevant to questionnaires, so that the children could respond to questions based on their visual preferences. The researcher then obtained results based on visual content analysis. Findings: It was discovered that these two instruments of measurement are in line with each other and are appropriate to the environmental factors affecting children. Finally, a framework for organizing the school yard is presented. Conclusion: By creating an appropriate, responsive and purposeful framework in design, we can address the main goal of the research, which is to identify the effective factors in nature from the children's point of view by increasing their creativity, and finally, an appropriate framework by considering these factors to organize the space of the school yard. The necessity of presenting the framework can be expressed in such a way that the weakening of children's connection with outside the classroom is harmful for the child, on the other hand, an intellectual movement moves towards learning outdoors. The presence of natural elements or the same nature has a positive effect on children's creativity, discovers and flourishes the latent talent in children and creates a suitable environment for a bright future for children. ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS ©2019 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. =====================================================================================

Introduction: In many sports movements, and even regular movements, the simultaneous use of both hands results in the successful implementation of motor skills. Considering many problems faced by the patient with autism in learning skills, and their impact on social behaviors, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low-error and full-error learning on bimanual coordination in patients with high-functioning autism disorder. Materials and Methods: This was a semi-experimental research with pretest-posttest design, and control group. 24 children with high-functioning autism disorder, resulted from with the help of pretest Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (SSRQ) were selected using convenience sampling method, and were homogeneously divided into three groups of low-error learning, full-error learning, and control. The dual coordination pretest was done with the help of the bimanual coordination instrument of the Omide Farda Institute (Tehran, Iran). Then, the training groups did practicing bimanual coordination skills on the same machine in six sessions of 30 minutes. At the end of the sixth session, the posttest of bimanual coordination skills was performed in all groups. Two days later, a retention test was taken from the training groups. The results were analyzed using one way and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in pretest (P = 0.643). While in posttest, a significant difference was observed between the practice and control group (P = 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference between low-error and full-error learning groups (P = 0.001). The retention test, which was performed after two days of rest, revealed a decrease in performance of full-error group. Conclusion: According to the results, it is concluded that these individuals are able to improve their bimanual coordination skills, and low-error learning is not only useful in learning, but also has more sustainability than full-error learning. Therefore, it is recommended to use a low-error learning method to teach bimanual coordination skills in patients with high-functioning autism disorder.

Introduction: Since emotions play an important role in human life, it requires providing an intelligent method to detect emotions using electroencephalogram (EEG) signal based on signal processing techniques. In addition, in this research, using support vector machine (SVM) classifier with genetic evolutionary algorithm is a novelty in classification part. Methods: The proposed method focuses on feature extraction and classification of received signals from brain to improve emotion detection. In this way, firstly, effective EEG channels are identified and then time and frequency features of EEG signals are extracted and classified by an appropriate classifier. The proposed method is applied on DEAP database which includes recorded EEG signals by 32 people watching and listening 40 videos and music. Results: The experiments show that selection of 7.5 seconds and 3 EEG channels provides acceptable results. In addition, the proposed method reduces computations and required memory and results in 93.86% accuracy for 4 emotion classification. Conclusion: Improvement in emotion detection based on EEG signals contains several steps in which effective features extraction and classification are two important steps. According to this research, using time-frequency features of EEG signals and optimized SVM classifier with genetic algorithm provides better results.

Objective: Theories are in paradox in relation to the variability pattern with being skilled. Then this research has investigated two types of absolute and coordination variability during basketball free throw learning, with isolating mechanical and dynamical degrees of freedom. Methods: Twenty self-declared participants were randomly assigned into two groups: physical practice and control. Experimental group practiced in 12 sessions of 50 trials. Absolute variability was measured by root mean square error and coordination variability was assessed using vector coding. Result: The physical practice group was significantly better than control group in accuracy scores. Results in relation to the absolute variability revealed, only in the ankle joint, physical practice and control groups are different (P=0.037, F=5.07) and the pattern of changes supported Bernstein's theory. In the case of coordination variability, there was no difference between the two groups in any of the joints coupling. But the wrist-elbow pattern of changes in physical practice group was in accordance with the theory of dynamic systems. Conclusion: Overall, it seems that wrist movement and wrist-elbow coordination are very important in free throw shooting skill. Also, the findings of this study showed that it is necessary to isolate mechanical and dynamical degrees of freedom in the measuring and discussing the Theories regarding the movement variability.

Background and Objectives: Seizure is one of the important reasons for referral to the emergency department, which sometimes indicates serious damage to the brain parenchyma. Since in patients without a history, awareness of the medium-term course of the disease helps the diagnosis, thus, in this study, definition of 6-month prognosis without taking medication, was investigated after the first seizure attack. Methods: This study is an observational cohort study. The sample population included 125 patients, who referred to the emergency of Rasoul Akram Hospital after the first seizure attack, and had no recent history of consumption of anticoagulants, alcohol, narcotics, and psychotropic drugs. Sampling method was consecutive sampling. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent t-, and logistic regression analytical tests. The significance level was considered as p

Introduction: The white button mushroom does not produce remarkable yield in the third flash. Nutritional deficiency and the inability of this mushroom to efficient use of compost are mentioned as its reasons. Basically, compost includes two major food components, lignocellulose and microbial biomass. But this microbial biomass provides just 10% of button mushroom food needs. According to research studies, differentenzymes in both white button mushroom and oyster mushroom are responsible for decomposition of lignin compounds in compost media, from begin of mycelium grows to the end of fruiting. Lacasse, manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, glyoxal oxidase enzymes contribute to degradation of lignin compounds in degradation mushroom has proven by researchers however itis dependent on mushroom types. Manganese peroxidase enzyme (EC. 1.11.1.13) is an extracellular parser lignin enzyme that has a central peroxidase core. Manganese peroxidase enzyme oxidizesMn2+ to Mn3+ and then Mn3+ oxidizes phenolic structure to fonoxile radical. Produced Mn3+ is very active and makes complex by chelating organic acids that is produced by mushrooms such as oxalate or malate. Mn3+ ions become stable by helping of these chelates and it can penetrate through materials such as wood. On the other hand, in recent years, plant biotechnology provides new solutions for old problems such as use of microorganisms, particularly using bacteria for gene transfer and improvement of superlatives. For a sample of this method, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system can be noted. In addition, the use of suitable promoters for heterologous genes expression in suitable hosts is an important strategy in functional biotechnology that has been raised in edible mushroom genetic engineering. The lack of efficient and sufficient use of compost, low power of white button mushroom in competition with other rivals, lack of yield per area unit due to production costs, pests and diseases, low flexibility and adaptability with environmental conditions changes are some of the problems that the mushroom reformers are faced. Unlike the great efforts made by researchers, conventional breeding techniques to produce the A. bisporus mushroom only have been led to produce a few new races. Therefore, todays some problems associated with traditional methods of breeding of edible mushrooms, including the need to provide races that have desired characteristics, the traditional method performance tests and low chances of success in the transfer of important agronomic characteristics such as functionality and disease resistance. So, they almost have been replaced with new biotechnology methods. Anexample of this method is to manipulateproperties transformation for the particular purpose. Modification of both expression or type of lignin degrading enzyme are possible solutions to deal with this problem, but these are not applicable or are difficult to be done with traditional breeding programs. In recent years, gene transformation mediated with Agrobacterium routinely is used for gene transformation to mushrooms and is proposed as a method for removing limitations of white button mushroom breeding. Materials and Methods: In this research, the oyster mushroom strain Florida was used as the source of manganese peroxidase (mnp) gene and white button mushroom strain 737 gill and cap tissue were used as transformation host. Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 harbors p133H88-FM plasmid thatcontainsmnp gene of oyster mushroom and also hph gene under control of gpdII promoter of the button white mushroom strain IM008 was used as a transformer. Selection medium containing 30 mg/ml Hygromycin B and was used for selecting transformed explants. To confirm transformation, PCR with specific primers of mnp and hph genes was performed on genomic DNA of selected colonies. Results and Discussion: Results showed the gill tissue explants, with transformation rate 5%, have a better response to applied transformation method than cap tissue explants, with transformation rate zero percent. As expected, polymerase chain reaction with specific primers ofhph and mnp genes amplified 1049 and 1086 bp fragments and verified the transformation of mycelium's grown on selection medium. It seems that Bacterial strain and also used plasmid were one of the responses for observed low rate transformation which is in accordance with leach and co-workers study. Finally, we could propose that cap tissue is more suitable for further gene transformation of this mushroombecause of high transformation rate of cap tissue.

Motor and field characteristic change is called variability of practice that the learner experiences during skill practice. This study was designed to compare the effect of variability of practice on the basketball free-throw learning in implicit and explicit conditions. For this purpose, 40 male (20-27 years old) Shahid Beheshti University students were voluntarily selected and were randomly divided into four groups: implicit learning with variable practice, implicit learning with constant practice, explicit learning with variable practice and explicit learning with constant practice after a pretest. Variable practice groups performed 45 throws from 1.5, 3 and 4 meters distances from the target while constant practice groups had these throws from 3 meters distance each session for 6 days. Implicit learning groups performed a secondary task of counting from 1000 in a reverse order for every triad number along with the free-throw task. But the explicit learning groups performed the free-throw task​ ​without a secondary task. The acquisition, retention (48 hours after the last acquisition phase) and transfer (from a 4.6 meters distance) tests were conducted. For data analysis, analysis of variance with repeated measures, two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used (P0.001) while the main effect of learning and practice was not significant (P>0.05). In addition, in the retention and transfer phases, the main effect of learning type, practice type and the interaction between practice and learning was not significant (P>0.05). Therefore, the results of the present study disagreed with Schmidt's schema theory.

“Sword and Pen” is among the fanciful debates that have attracted critics’ attentions. Sword and pen are considered as important symbols in the formation of all governments. ‘Sword’ symbolizes warriors and the military, while ‘pen’ symbolizes intellectuals and the elite. This study deals with a structural and content analysis of the debates between the sword and the pen, in Persian and Arabic, how writers join and leave the debates, the elements used in such debates, and their similarities and differences. In addition to exaltation and showing their authorial skills, writers of such debates intended to teach religious, moral, historical, and scientific lessons. The pen usually triggers the debate in Persian, whereas in Arabic, it is the sword that often starts a debate and this feature has a historical reason. Debates resolve peacefully, and due to the influence of Islam both on Persian and Arabic writers, verses from Qur’an are frequently cited.

Background & aim: Diabetes is a chronic disease which induces a rise in inflammatory response and endothelial disorders. The aim of present study was to review the response of ICAM-1, VCAM- 1 and CRP serum level to high and moderate endurance trainings in diabetic rats. Methods: In the present experimental research, thirty-two diabetic male sprague dawley rats were selected and based on their blood glucose, they were divided into four groups of eight: (1) diabetes sacrifice first week, (2) diabetes sacrifice last week, (3) moderate intensity endurance training and (4) high intensity endurance training and for review the effects of diabetes induction 16 healthy rats divided in two groups of healthy sacrifice first week and healthy sacrifice last week. Rats of high and moderate intensity endurance trainings ran on treadmill for eight weeks, three sessions per week and 60 minutes with intensity of 10- 17 and 17- 28 meter per minute. To analyze the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, ANOVA with Tukey test was used. Results: Results indicated that induction of diabetes resulted in a significant increase in ICAM-1 (p=0.001), VCAM- 1 (p=0.001) and CRP (p=0.001) respectivly. Eight weeks moderate and high intensity endurance training showed a significant reduction on ICAM-1 (p=0.001), VCAM- 1 (p=0.003) and CRP (p=0.001) and such reduction on ICAM-1 (p=0.04), VCAM- 1 (p=0.04) and CRP (p=0.001) respectively. Also moderate and high intensity endurance trainings had equal effects on ICAM-1 (p=0.53), VCAM- 1 (p=0.90) and CRP (p=0.99) on diabetic rats. Conclusion: Moderate and high intensity endurance trainings had equal effects on reduction of ICAM-1, VCAM- 1and CRP on diabetic rats.