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Introduction and purpose: Premarital counseling is one of the ways to change or reduce irrational beliefs and false expectations from marriage and has effective and significant effects on the quality of people's marriages. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the perspective of Iranian couples regarding tele marriage counseling in Karaj city. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 2022 on 200 people who referred to marriage centers in Karaj. The tools used in this study include a demographic questionnaire and a telemedicine acceptance questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS V23 software. Results: In this study, 56.5% were women and 43.5% were men. The average age of women participating in the research was 28.90 ± 7.51 years and the average age of men was 32.52 ± 5.16 years. Among the participants in this study, 43.5% did not consider premarital education sufficient. The average score obtained by the participants from the feasibility questionnaire is 59.03 ± 07.13. The lowest and highest scores are 29 and 99, respectively. The results of this study showed that almost 75% of the participants agree that using tele marriage counseling can be beneficial in starting their life together. Conclusion: The continuation of tele marriage counseling after the face-to-face meeting of health centers, which is required to register their marriage, can be beneficial in starting their joint life and solve many of their needs and questions.

Introduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of telemedicine implementation in two cities in Kerman province with tourist attractions. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. Research data were collected using the standard questionnaire "Telemedicine Assessment Tool," designed by the Institute for Medicare (United States). Using the G-power software, the sample size of 68 people was determined. The researchers collected the required data in person at the hospitals under study. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods through SPSS version 26. Results: According to demographic characteristics, the majority of people were women (78.7%), aged less than 30 years old (37.3%), with less than five years of work experience (40.0%), bachelor’s degree (88.0%), and clinical (57.3%). Regarding P-value, there is a significant difference between telemedicine services in terms of importance. Therefore, telemedicine services, consultation with specialists outside the hospital, patient referrals, and remote drug prescribing had respectively the highest priority. In contrast, changing the processes and structure of the hospital had the lowest priority. The lack of technical staff and the problems of initial costs were the main obstacles to the use of telemedicine, and the attitude of employees and competition were the least essential obstacles. Conclusion: Due to the tourism situation of the studied cities, hospitals must try to establish telemedicine. In this regard, investment to solve the problems of initial costs and technical staff has priority.

Cinematic works serve as reflections of the cultural unconscious of a given society, providing sociologists with the opportunity to examine its hopes, aspirations, and societal concerns. This manuscript utilizes qualitative content analysis to examine the manner in which social hope is portrayed in 15 Iranian New Wave Movement films. The research endeavors to investigate two fundamental inquiries: "In what manner does Iranian New Wave Cinema depict social hope?" Furthermore, "How does this portrayal intersect with the societal hope of the film's creation?" Despite extensive literature on "social hope" and the "sociology of hope," analytical formulations are limited. This article adopts Schneider's triple articulation-encompassing "agency," "purposefulness," and "feasibility"-as metrics for assessing social hope. This study employs qualitative content analysis to examine 15 films that serve as representations of the Iranian New Wave Movement, a cinematic movement that transpired in Iran from 1968 to 1978. Dariush Mehrjoei, Masoud Kimiaei, Nasser Taqvai, Bahram Bayzaei, and Amir Naderi are all noteworthy directors. A stratified sampling technique was utilized with the intention of selecting three works from each director in accordance with the research objective. This approach guaranteed the inclusion of articles that were most congruent with the objectives of the research. In general, the majority of new wave cinematographic works emphasize the intensified social despondency through the representation of objects that are "inactive" in terms of agency index, "lacking purpose" in terms of purposefulness index and Indicators of the possibility of being "disabled" emphasize the intensified social despair. The New Wave Movement, which rebelled against the sanguine official discourse, mirrored societal struggles during a period of political unrest by integrating Simmel's sociological theory of art and Snyder's social hope articulation. Through individual artistic expression within a collective cultural unconscious, the Movement challenges prevailing narratives, showcasing the pervasive social despair of their time with nuanced realism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In universities of medical sciences, due to the key role of human resources in people's lives, their training during the internship period is of particular importance. Considering the role of effective assessment of the quality of students' performance, this research has been carried out with the aim of feasibility of implementing a system for monitoring the performance of health information technology students during internship. Methods: This research is descriptive-cross-sectional and among applied studies that was conducted in 1401. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 5 sections including background information and technical, organizational, human and legal dimensions, and the research population was the professors of the health information technology department at the country. The questionnaire was sent via email and finally, the data of 20 completed questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 by descriptive statistics method. Results: The highest average scores for the possibility of implementing the performance monitoring system during internship was related to the legal dimension with 82.3%. And then there were the technical dimension with 80.6%, the organizational dimension with 79.6% and finally the human resource dimension with an average of 76.6%. Conclusion: It is possible to implement the performance monitoring system of health information technology students during internship from technical, organizational, legal and human resources aspects and considering the importance of the internship period and the effective role of performance monitoring tools in the management of activities, it is suggested that necessary measures be taken to implement this system. Keywords: feasibility, performance monitoring system, internship, health information technology

With the expansion of inefficient tissues, "Urban regeneration" has been objectified as a solution for developing cities in different physical, social and economic dimensions. Despite the development of the guidelines for urban regeneration projects, these projects in Iran still have challenges in the stage of realization and implementation. This article aims to identify the "challenges and causes of non-realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran" and analyse the research conducted in this field with a qualitative approach. For this purpose, a meta-analysis of 23 articles in the field of problems of urban regeneration projects in Iran was carried out. The challenges raised in the AtlasTI software were extracted with the help of open and axial coding. In the following, 100 codes were determined in the form of 10 groups or general categories. In the end, the obstacles to the realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran were given. According to the obtained results, the weak presence of non-governmental organizations, the problems of preparing plans, institutional and management problems, and the weakness of participation are the four most important and frequent challenges in the research related to the realization of urban regeneration projects in Iran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Forozan area of Bandar Abbas is one of the growing areas. Due to the increase in the population in this part, the amount of electricity consumed in the Forozan region has also increased. Considering the style of the structures in this area, the suitable skyline, and the gentle slope towards the south, the buildings have a good potential for installing solar panels, and the possibility of using their produced energy is an effective method of compensating part of the energy. It is required by the region. After the field monitoring of the area, calculating the digital height of the area relative to the base, using ArcGIS software, the topology of the area, the slope, and the skyline have been calculated and interpolated. Modeling has been done for these areas using PVSol software version 2021 with how to install panels in southdirection and east-west directions. By using these panels on the roofs of the buildings in this area, which were technically possible to install, they will produce about 9800-kilowatt hours of energy annually, and after 5 years, the capital of this project will be returned. In the case of covering all the buildings that can be installed in the Forozan area of Bandar Abbas, more than 7.9 MWh of energy will be produced annually and the production of more than 450 tons of CO2 gas will be prevented. The installation of the panel will provide 20% of the electricity consumed in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In universities of medical sciences, due to the key role of human resources in people's lives, their training during the internship period is of particular importance. Considering the role of effective assessment of the quality of students' performance, this research has been carried out with the aim of feasibility of implementing a system for monitoring the performance of health information technology students during internship. Methods: This research is descriptive-cross-sectional and among applied studies that was conducted in 1401. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 5 sections including background information and technical, organizational, human and legal dimensions, and the research population was the professors of the health information technology department at the country. The questionnaire was sent via email and finally, the data of 20 completed questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 by descriptive statistics method. Results: The highest average scores for the possibility of implementing the performance monitoring system during internship was related to the legal dimension with 82.3%. And then there were the technical dimension with 80.6%, the organizational dimension with 79.6% and finally the human resource dimension with an average of 76.6%. Conclusion: It is possible to implement the performance monitoring system of health information technology students during internship from technical, organizational, legal and human resources aspects and considering the importance of the internship period and the effective role of performance monitoring tools in the management of activities, it is suggested that necessary measures be taken to implement this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The tourism industry, as the largest and most diverse industry in the world, is nowadays considered an essential source of income and an influential factor in cultural exchanges between countries. Many developed and developing countries consider this dynamic industry as the primary source of income, job creation, private sector growth, and infrastructure development (Camilleri, 2018). Sport is also a significant and important industry in the current world. The integration of sports and tourism creates one of the most impressive modern service industries, namely the sports tourism industry (Cho et al., 2019). Gibson defines sports tourism as leisure-based travel in which people temporarily leave their homes to play or watch physical activities or see the attractions associated with those activities (Amin-Rostamkolaee & Poursoltani, 2019). The important point worthy of attention is the fact the climate of each region has a significant impact on drawing the future lines of tourism development. The multiple capabilities of receiving tourists in different areas and regions throughout the year pave the way for increasing tourism capacity, especially sports tourism (Karimi et al., 2018). In this regard, the free trade, industrial, and economic zones in Iran have unique capabilities for investment and planning in sports tourism, considering their favorable climate and various attractions and natural landscapes. Due to their special geographical and climatic location, most of these areas have ecological potential for attracting tourists, including pristine beaches, anticlines, and synods (Savadi et al., 2019). Therefore, tourism marketing for a country or a region is essential since marketing can provide potential tourists with information about what the region can offer, thus encouraging them to visit it (Nekmahmud et al., 2020). As one of the main pillars of the national development process, the sports tourism industry requires specific missions, visions, strategies, and policies, especially in free trade zones. In their research, Szemkovics et al., (2018) concluded that cultural-tourist indicators in an area increase the likelihood of investing in those areas. Kodirovna et al., (2020) stated that advertising in tourism is intended not only to attract tourists but also to create a clear and positive image of tourists, so advertising helps tourists to get acquainted with the place before a personal visit. Concerning the obstacles to the development of sports tourism, Abedi et al., (2021) refer to infrastructure as a matter of the utmost importance. Moreover, holding festivals and competitions of water and beach sports were identified as new strategies for developing sports tourism. Free trade zones with favorable climatic conditions, beautiful nature, and historical monuments and natural sites have many capabilities for establishing tourist activities, especially in the realm of sports. Every free zone also has its own special sports and sports competitions that can increase the number of tourists, including spectators, participants and organizers, and others. Materials and Methods As an applied research, the present article relies on the qualitative and exploratory method, coupled with the field method used to obtain data. The study explores and identifies the marketing feasibility indicators of sports tourism development in free trade, industrial, and economic zones in Iran. The statistical population of the study included all experts and knowledgeable individuals in the sports tourism industry; experts and professors in sports management with scientific and research backgrounds in sports tourism; tourism managers in free trade, industrial and economic zones; and scientists who had the necessary expertise related to the research. The research conducted a purposeful sampling to achieve an appropriate sample. Results and Discussion Twenty-one interviews with experts were conducted and then analyzed by MAXQDA software. A total of 341 primary identifiers were extracted. Having summarized and merged the identifiers that were semantically and conceptually common, the study identified a total of 145 identifiers categorized under 23 main categories and seven general concepts, as described below. The identified concepts and the relevant categories are as follows: 1) Promotion and advertising of tourist attractions (application of new digital and communication technologies, specialized and professional approach to advertising, environmental advertising, written and tangible advertising, virtual social media, and national media); 2) readiness and capacity-building in attracting domestic and foreign tourists (cultural and social capacity-building, management of tourist attractions, advertising and marketing, provision of quality of desirable services, support and reception from the private sector and investors); 3) stakeholder integration (local residents, government support for investment, and interaction and cooperation between organizations); 4) market risk acceptance (market risk, economic capacities, and free zones trade); 5) recognition of infrastructural and natural capacities (infrastructural facilities, natural attraction facilities, historical monuments, and support facilities); 6) past experiences and approaches (innovative and modern experiences and negative experiences); 7) experiences of neighboring countries in tourism development (successful experiences). Conclusion Among the mentioned components, the most frequent one is natural attraction facilities, which is consistent with the findings in Szemkovics et al. (2018). Their research concluded that cultural-tourist indicators in an area increase the likelihood of investing in those areas. Concerning the crystallization of sport as a need, sports tourism development, and its largest share in service industries in the world with further specialization, tourism nowadays provides the opportunity for every destination area to benefit from tourism. At the heart of this development, sports tourism can lead to new job opportunities as well as employment of women and the youth in activities related to the industry. Tourism potentialities are unique assets for each country, it is thus important to identify, classify, and plan for sports tourism. In fact, sports tourism requires comprehensive and efficient planning. At the same time, free trade zones, due to their unique features and capabilities, possess high potential for the development of the sports tourism industry. In this respect, the first economic effect of tourism is an increase in income for local residents in tourist areas, be it individual or collective income. The results of the present study suggest that the managers of Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism (including managers of investment, infrastructure and sample tourism areas, domestic tourism development, monitoring and evaluation of tourism services, cultural heritage and tourism free zones), of Ministry of Sports and Youth, of the organizations and relevant and influential departments and agencies (e.g., municipalities and decision makers) develop the tourism infrastructure in free zones concerning tourism hotels, transportation, etc.; improve the quality of existing infrastructure to increase tourist satisfaction and attract more tourists; establish recreational and sports complexes; pay more attention to areas with lower sports tourism infrastructure, to the establishment of special headquarters for sports tourism, training and recruitment of creative sports tourism specialists to maintain this national capital in Iran; increase funding for sports tourism in free zones; increase social and cultural security, prepare comprehensive and creative sports tourism plans in free zones; consistently publish books, articles, catalogs and photos of sports tourism attractions in free zones; pay attention to the growth and development of natural and urban environments, including natural attractions; use marketing and advertising techniques; conduct needs analysis; focus on purposeful activity of sports delegations in free zones; hold sports competitions organized by sports federations and hosted by free zones; and use the experiences of other prosperous countries.

Background and Objectives: The endeavor of organizations and companies to reach large global markets has led them to use the most effective and practical methods to reach this aim. One of these methods is the new teaching methods for employees which in the present study have been examined to determine the feasibility of applying new teaching methods in National Petrochemical Company of Iran, so that the company and especially its staff can benefit from these new teaching methods.Methods: This study is designed in an applied and descriptive-surveying format using a researcher-made questionnaire. It includes five components with 56 items that have separately studied readiness (17 items), the effectiveness of the teaching methods of former courses (10 items), the quality of the teaching content (8 items), the opportunity to develop new teaching methods (12 items), and the opportunity to develop new teaching methods in accordance with structural and infrastructural facilities. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and found to be 0.85، 0.87، 0.85، 0.70، 0.90 respectively. Data were analysed in SPSS software using one sample t-test. The sample of the present study consisted of 270 staff and managers of National Petrochemical Company varying from grade 9 up to B (the specific levelling of the company’s staff). The Morgan Table was used for sampling in which from a population of 270, 120 individuals were selected as a sample from which 91 individuals received the questionnaire. Findings: The results indicate the possibility of implementing new teaching methods in accordance with multiple dimensions. Among the dimensions of feasibility, except for the human dimension which is in the desired condition, other dimensions are not in the desired condition. For such dimensions, t is equal to -8.40 at the significance level of (0.000) which is lower than the assumed average (3) and is reported as undesirable. In the following five areas or dimensions of feasibility, the perspective of managers and staff were studied: 1) the amount of readiness of the managers and staff in using the new teaching methods; 2) the attitude of the managers and staff towards the quality and effectiveness of the teaching methods in the former courses; 3) the attitude of managers and staff towards the methods of presenting the teaching content and the quality of the teaching materials; 4) the opportunities for the development of new teaching methods in accordance with the attitude of the managers and the staff; 5) the opportunities for the development of the new teaching methods in accordance with the structural and infrastructural facilities in terms of the perspective of the managers and the staff. Except for the first question, for the rest of the questions, a negative value in a one sample t-test was shown which indicates there is a distance to reaching the desired situation. Moreover, the correlation among the components 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 was also calculated which were 0.34, 0.69, 0.72, 0.66 and 0.53, respectively. Friedman test was used to prioritize and identify the components that are most desirable Conclusions: The inferential results derived from the statistical findings showed that the readiness of the managers and the staff to promote the culture of using new teaching methods according to the findings is in desirable condition. So is possible that implication of the new teaching methods is predictable based on the perspective of the managers and the staff’s point of views. In other dimensions, such as knowledge, technical, organizational, structural and infrastructure, there are signs that optimized conditions to benefit from new teaching methods. Referred to generality of findings indicates the human, technical, organizational and structural dimensions, it can be claimed that the feasibility indicators are not in a desired condition in the company. Except for the attitude and acceptance of using new teaching methods that are in favorable and appropriate condition, the rest of the indicators are less than the average.

As one of the most effective currents in urban development, comprehensive plans can be taken into account from various or related dimensions and arenas such as the planning system, plan content, the process of preparation, examination, and enactment, the manner of execution, and the executive organization. The present study was an effort to identify the reasons for the inefficiency of comprehensive plans, especially from the viewpoint of the nature and content of this attitude to urban planning. To this end, in line with the examination of the existing theories and standpoints in this regard, we sought to explore the objective instances of the foregoing reasons. This was done through the ex post evaluation of the implementation of the plans in the form of the assessment of the efficiency and feasibility rates of Nowshahr comprehensive plan in specific directions including social and physical dimensions. There are different content reasons for the inefficiency of urban planning based on the comprehensive plan approach. These include following linear, one-way methods, inflexibility and lack of realism, one-way perceptions and trying to solve the problems mainly through physical means, providing numerous details based on fixed and solid frameworks, and impossibility of making correct predictions. These factors are the very challenges that have maimed the effectiveness of Nowshahr comprehensive plan. The unrealistic approach to the determination of city boundaries, the incorrect policy in using open spaces and increasing building density that contrasts the ecologic, touristic, and port nature of the city, and non-fulfillment of most proposed land uses (which has led to a severe lack of service spaces) are among the most evident objective instances of the inefficiency of Nowshahr comprehensive plan through the lens of the foregoing content reasons. The consideration of the reasons for inefficiency and analysis of the objective instances are key solutions that can differentiate the content of urban plans – especially ones that are developed in line with changes in urban planning and proposition of novel attitudes – from the previous plans, and make them more successful and feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: Build wastewater treatment plants alone will not resolve environmental concerns. But, for achieve optimal environmental standards, the performance of the treatment plants must be constantly monitored and evaluated. The purpose of this study was to feasibility of reuse of output effluent wastewater treatment plant of Ardakan. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. During a 6-month period from April 2019 to September 2019, 48 input and output samples were collected. The parameters studied included COD, BOD5, TSS, total coliform and fecal coliform. Which were measured according to the methods outlined in the Standard Method Book for Water and Wastewater Testing. Finally, the results were analyzed by statistical tests. Results: The results showed that, the mean COD, BOD5, TSS, Fecal coliform and Total coliform at the output were 14.36, 4.56, 2.6 mg/L, 41 MPN/100 mL and 11.2 MPN/100 mL, respectively. Also removal efficiency for COD, BOD5 and TSS, total coliform and fecal coliform were 96.27, 96.81, 98.84, 99.99 and 99.99 Percentage, respectively. Conclusions: The results showed that wastewater treatment plant Ardakan resulted in a significant reduction of organic matter and microbial contamination and was in good condition. And complies with standards in the reuse of wastewater for agricultural use, discharge into surface water and discharge to sorbent wells. Document Type: Research article

In line with the persistent development of tourism by means of field studies and questionnaires, the present study is an attempt to analyze the capabilities of ecotourism in Potas tourist complex in the desert area of Khor-o-Biabanak. The assessment method was based on ecological and management standards. According to the results, the average ecologic values of Salt Village, Tashtab, Kamal Abad Village and Beheshti Farm were 5.85, 4.51, 5, and 1.64 respectively. In addition, the average scores of their management were 6.06, 5.66, 4.85, and 5.59 respectively, which indicates the higher ecologic and management potential of Salt Village than the other attractions. The highest percentage for Salt Village (64.42) belonged to the productivity index. Also, the complementary standard of the beauty index was found to have the complete score of 100%, which demonstrates the unique perspective of the region. The maximum scores of Tashtab, 63.33% and 95%, belonged to protection criterion, facility index and support services respectively. The maximum scores of Kamal Abad Village, 64% and 95%, were gained by complementary criterion and rare attraction indices. The highest scores of Beheshti Farm, 59.15% and 100%, were for productivity criterion, facility index, and support services. Consequently, Salt Village, with the score of 58.08%, emerged to have the highest value, but the lowest value belonged to Thastab with the score of 36.68%. This shows the desirable development of tourism due to better accessibility and more investment in Salt Village than in the other regions.

Objective: The evaluation of urban land use reflects a clear picture of the city's perspective and how to allocate urban space to the needs of the city over time and in order to achieve the city's development goals. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of service utilities in Shiraz in a comprehensive and detailed plan and to examine the effective factors in its realization and non-fulfillment. Methods: The research method is descriptive-analytic. First, using library-related resources, the concepts related to the use of lands were investigated and then, using statistical methods, the level of feasibility of service utilization of the detailed plan was analyzed in Shiraz areas. Is. In order to achieve the research objectives in this study, the GIS and EXCEL software has been utilized by entropy method. Finally, using the ranking of the regions in terms of per capita utilization of service utilities in the regions relative to the proposed per capita of the master plan in 1368, has taken place. Results:The results show that the utilization rate of utilities for the comprehensive plan of Shiraz after more than two decades has not been realized. The analysis of the weighted model indicates that the 4,2,6 regions have the highest environmental sustainability and the lowest 1, 7, and 5 regions. Conclusion: This suggests that the spatial distribution of inappropriate and unfair service utilities in the area of the Shiraz area is inadequate, and analysis of the use of indicators of capacity and social justice indicates a quantitative and qualitative turmoil in the use of nine areas of Shiraz.

Introduction: Various challenges of aboveground waste bins including the overflow caused by the few numbers of reservoirs, visual pollution, incompatibility of the bins with the urban furniture, vulnerability of the bins to corrosion and fire, and the residents’ dissatisfaction led to creation of underground collection systems. This study aimed to determine the technical requirements and the implementation costs of underground systems for the collection of household wastes in Karaj. Methods: The present research is a descriptive-analytical study investigating the waste collection systems of Karaj for six months. The research goal is to analyze and compare the current aboveground waste collection system of Chahrbandi Boulevard in Mehrshahr (Karaj) with the underground collection system in terms of the technical and economic aspects. The research stages include the following: referring to the urban service department of Karaj municipality to get the information of the bins located in Chahrbandi Boulevard, designing the underground waste collection system for Chahrbandi Boulevard, estimating the operational costs of the underground waste collection system, and comparing the current (aboveground) system with the underground system in terms of technical aspects. Results: According to the results, in the aboveground waste collection system, the total costs of the initial investment are equal to 1772298000 Tomans, and the total costs of the ten-year operation period are equal to 5156406506 Tomans. In the underground waste collection system, the total costs of the initial investment are equal to 1267236800 Tomans, and the total costs of the ten-year operation period are equal to 4095305226 Tomans. Conclusion: The cost analysis suggests that both the initial investment cost and the ten-year operation cost of the underground waste collection system are lower than those of the aboveground system. Therefore, it is recommended to change the solid wastes collection system of Karaj city to underground one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Health Promoting Hospitals (HPH) initiative emphasizes on changes in traditional hospitals’ approach in care provision. This study aimed to provide scientific evidence required for successful planning and implementation of the HPH in the country’s educational hospitals. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, opinions of 300 frontline health professionals working in the ten educational hospitals affiliated to the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were examined using validated tools in 2016. Descriptive data analysis procedures and logistic regression analysis (using Enter method) were applied by SPSS software version 22. The level of significance was considered less than 0.05. Results: The mean scores and SD for applicability of the HPH standards were 66.06±17.51. Gender (OR=3.19 95%CI: 1.33- 8.40), occupation type (OR= 1.50 95% CI: 0.65- 0.70), hospital type (general vs. specialized) (OR= 1.59 95%CI: 1.10- 1.25), number of active beds (OR=3.84 95% CI: 1.56-9.42) and having prior knowledge about the HPH program (OR=2.81 95% CI: 1.31-4.80) were identified as significant predictors of the HPH standards’ feasibility in the studied hospitals. Conclusion: Given that study findings, at least the baseline subjective inclination to adapt the HPH standards in the educational hospitals do not exist through the Iranian health care providers’ points of view. As the first step in progress towards preparation for implementing the HPH standards, planning of tailor-made educational programs for hospitals’ staff in Iran is recommended.

Background and Aim: Successful implementation and optimum use of telemedicine technology depends on providing the necessary infrastructure and the success factors of this technology, such as high-speed broadband. The present study is aimed at feasibility study on the implementation of telemedicine in selected hospitals of Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in selected hospitals in 2016. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that its content validity and structure were measured by four professors of health information management. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined using internal correlation test (Cronbachchr('39')s alpha=0.83). The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (average and standard deviation) and inferential statistics. Results: According to the findings, 82.2% of the hospitals had no access to high-speed broadband and only 5.5% had optics fiber. Insurance and repayment obstacles and shortages of technical staff were identified as the main barriers and medical personnelchr('39')s resistance and licensing issues were identified as the low importance barriers to the implementation of this technology. Organizational and cultural factors (p-value=0.001), technical infrastructure (p-value=0.005) and financial requirements (p-value=0.021) of telemedicine technology had a significant difference of 5% error rate with education level and orientation. Conclusion: Due to barriers such as lack of video conferencing tools, the lack of high-speed broadband, and inadequate funding for the purchase and implementation of the necessary equipment, the studied hospitals currently were not able to provide telemedicine services.

Introduction: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a type of automatic identification technology which uses radio waves for collecting and transferring data. Due to extensive use in tracking and identifying people and objects, this technology has been able to solve many of the hospital's problems and help to increase the quality of delivery of services. The aim of this study was to survey the relationship between effective factors in the implementation of RFID. Materials and Methods: This is an applicable study conducted as a cross‑sectional study in 2015. The study was conducted in the hospitals affiliated to Semnan University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using questionnaires. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were assessed, and data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 16) and LISREL 8.8, followed by conducting path analysis. Results: The average of all three variables human, cultural and organizational factors were in a desirable and high status from the Stakeholders’ viewpoint. Considerably, present findings indicate that the predictive coefficient of cultural readiness of hospitals is meaningful for the implementation of the proposed technology. (T>2) Conclusion: Since users' views in RFID implementation are very important and useful, therefore, we must consider the views of these stakeholders that which play a critical role in the success or failure and accurate assessment of the resources required for the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present research the feasibility of implementing electronic marketing has been in the Fars province Handmade Carpet market. this research is terms of purpose Applications and terms of data collection, descriptive – survey, Statistical population consists of 61 exporter and experts, that judgment sampling method was used to sample, Which ultimately were selected the 43 exporting and experts as The sample. The reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 94%. Tools and methods of data collection in the research is library ‌ observation and questionnaire. To describe the data from the frequency table , for the data analysis was used one-sample t-test and independent t-test. results indicate that the views of those involved in the carpet, to the implementation use Internet in activities related of customers, to the implementation use Internet in activities related of channels, to the implementation use Internet in activities related of marketing research, there is no in the Fars province carpet market and conditions are unfavorable. Finally, according to this study, it is recommended that of those involved in the carpet be trained for the implementation of electronic marketing and inform the advantages and opportunities of e-marketing.

Distance education created new opportunity to employees’ education and those who can not be present for learning in schools and universities, has provided so, the main goal of this research feasibility of virtual courses in improving the productivity of human resources of Isfahan education organization for this purpose, impact, threats, opportunities, strengths and weakness of virtual education was reviewed. In this research feasibility of virtual education fell in to 5 categories and then research questioner was designed. This way administered to 141 of specialist in this field. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical indexes. Result showed that virtual course on improving the productivity of human recourses in education organization has had an impact (p≤ 0.01, p≤ 0.05). Also, the opportunities (the skills of the virtual hosts), threats (lack of good communication infrastructure like broad band and fiber optic network), strengths (encouraging and motivating the staff appreciation) and weakness (lack of attractive content and effective teaching in the virtual era) the highest average among variables were examined.

Background: The Health Promoting Hospitals (HPH) initiative emphasizes on changes in traditional hospitals’ approach in care provision. This study aimed to provide scientific evidence required for successful planning and implementation of the HPH in the country’s educational hospitals. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, opinions of 300 frontline health professionals working in the ten educational hospitals affiliated to the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were examined using validated tools in 2016. Descriptive data analysis procedures and logistic regression analysis (using Enter method) were applied by SPSS software version 22. The level of significance was considered less than 0.05. Results: The mean scores and SD for applicability of the HPH standards were 66.06±17.51. Gender (OR=3.19 95%CI: 1.33- 8.40), occupation type (OR= 1.50 95% CI: 0.65- 0.70), hospital type (general vs. specialized) (OR= 1.59 95%CI: 1.10- 1.25), number of active beds (OR=3.84 95% CI: 1.56-9.42) and having prior knowledge about the HPH program (OR=2.81 95% CI: 1.31-4.80) were identified as significant predictors of the HPH standards’ feasibility in the studied hospitals. Conclusion: Given that study findings, at least the baseline subjective inclination to adapt the HPH standards in the educational hospitals do not exist through the Iranian health care providers’ points of view. As the first step in progress towards preparation for implementing the HPH standards, planning of tailor-made educational programs for hospitals’ staff in Iran is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Successful implementation and optimum use of telemedicine technology depends on providing the necessary infrastructure and the success factors of this technology, such as high-speed broadband. The present study is aimed at feasibility study on the implementation of telemedicine in selected hospitals of Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in selected hospitals in 2016. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that its content validity and structure were measured by four professors of health information management. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined using internal correlation test (Cronbach's alpha=0.83). The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (average and standard deviation) and inferential statistics. Results: According to the findings, 82.2% of the hospitals had no access to high-speed broadband and only 5.5% had optics fiber. Insurance and repayment obstacles and shortages of technical staff were identified as the main barriers and medical personnel's resistance and licensing issues were identified as the low importance barriers to the implementation of this technology. Organizational and cultural factors (p-value=0.001), technical infrastructure (p-value=0.005) and financial requirements (p-value=0.021) of telemedicine technology had a significant difference of 5% error rate with education level and orientation. Conclusion: Due to barriers such as lack of video conferencing tools, the lack of high-speed broadband, and inadequate funding for the purchase and implementation of the necessary equipment, the studied hospitals currently were not able to provide telemedicine services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of the globalization phenomenon of sport, club development, private businesses and the scope of the Olympic movement,authority and rising influence of sports global organizations, it is necessary to establish a master’s degree in sports law’s Field?The overall goal of the research was the feasibility of the establishment of sports law’s Field in the master degree of Iran’suniversities from the perspective of faculty members of Law and Physical education departments in university of Isfahan, TehranShahid Beheshti in 2013(n=173). The type of research was descriptive and the qualitative research kind. The requiredinformation was collected through semi-organized interview. 28 people of faculty members, who were in relation with teaching,writing and translation of law, sport and curriculum were selected as the statistical sample and answered to research questions.Respondents believed that, because of the obvious shortcomings in the rules relating to the Iran’s sport law and needs of society,it is necessary to establish the field of sports law. Interviewees were agreed for establish sports law’s field in faculties ordepartments with a combination of courses in law and sports. The existence of professor with doctorate degree in law and sportssciences in the universities was an excellent background for the establishment of this field. In this paper has been reviewedprofessor’s perspective in seven areas: shortcomings of sports law, commercialization of sport, create new jobs, specializedfacilities, independent sports law’s field, short-term training, courses of sports law, faculty member’s qualifications andconditions of Sports Law’s workshops.

Rapeseed is one of the most important oily seeds which is cultivated in different parts of country in the recent years. Climatic feasibility and extension of Rapeseed cultivation are very useful in this region due to widely governmental supports for cultivating oily seeds, in particular, Rapeseed in order to reduce dependency on imports of this product and proximity to Mahidasht industry and cultivation complex as a guaranteed purchase market for this product in this province. In this research, temperature and precipitation features were studied during Rapeseed growth period and each stage of growth and passing time of limit temperatures -7, -15 and 400C at the level of studied stations were studied during 19-years (1992-2010) statistical period and then, by using GIS completely appropriate, appropriate, weak and inappropriate zones of Rapeseed cultivation were specified at provincial level. The results of this research show that completely appropriate and appropriate regions corresponded to central and plain regions on this province cover about 70 percent of the studied region. Inappropriate zone corresponded to mountainous and high regions cover the lowest area (2302 km2) of the studied region and zones with weak capabilities for Rapeseed growth allocates 7801 km2 of this province to themselves.

Introduction: Assessment is an essential and integral part of medicine. In addition to validity and reliability, a desirable method for student evaluation should leave a positive effect on student’s learning and be feasible and acceptable by students and teachers. Hence, this study aimed to survey students’ and teachers’ satisfaction with DOPS examination. Methods: This experimental study used a single group post test study design in which a total of 60 medical internship students of emergency ward of 22 Bahman and Arya educational hospitals participated. After obtaining testimonial from students, in an emergency course, they were trained for one month on how the DOPS evaluation is run. The assessors (n=23) included clinical teachers and other professionals such as nurses. Expert panel selected seven basic medical skills and provided assessment checklists. Students selected two skills out of seven and performed through DOPS. A researcher-made questionnaire in Likert scale (0-3 points) was developed to investigate students’ and assessors’ viewpoints in areas of feasability, educational effects, and satisfaction that and its validity and reliability was confirmed prior to utilization. Data was analyzed using students’ one-sample and paired samples t test. Results: From students’ viewpoint, feasibility, educational effects, and satisfaction rates were significantly higher than 50 (average expected grade). Meanwhile, educational and learning effects showed the highest points (78±14.8) among them. From the assessors’ viewpoint also, satisfaction in the mentioned areas was significantly higher than fifty. Satisfaction with examination showed highest score (76.7±11.6) among all domains. Conclusion: According to the compliance of DOPS method with the performance objectives of medical curriculum and students’ and assessors’ viewpoints regarding its acceptability, feasibility, and educational impact in the existing clinical centers, as well as their satisfaction with this method, it is recommended to assess senior medical students’ clinical performance using this method.

Identifying and determining appropriate ecological areas for appropriate bedding in regional planning, especially the agricultural sector is vital and important. Depending the economy of rural people on agriculture, potential of the study area for agriculture, suitable climatic conditions and multi seasons, appropriate soil, variable environmental conditions and determining and separation of the potentials and obstacles of the Izehfrom the view point of the production percentage and efficiency of rapeseed cultivation shows the importance of this study. The aim of this research is to study the feasibility and identify the agriculture potential and capability of Izhe area for rapeseed cultivation through studying the natural and climatic features and to study the effectiveness of all these features. 12 Layers were used including: height, slope, erosion, geology, soil, land use, land cover, climate type, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, annual maximum temperature, and annual minimum temperature. To do this research, we used analytical hierarchy process(AHP) in the Geographical information system(GIS) environment, such that weighting to the applied criteria was according to relevant experts comments, scholars and the resources within and between the layers. Then, the regional territories were divided to five categories , very good, Appropriate, Average, weak and Inappropriate and its zoning map was prepared. The results showed that from 3779/39 sq km of Izeh area, the very good category of this 565/15997 sq km is 14/95 percent, the second category (Appropriate) of 963/15997 sq km is 25/48 percent of this region. Therefore, more than 40 percent of the studied area has ideal and favorable conditions for cultivation of rapeseed. The other ecological zones i.e average, Weak and Inappropriate categories have 22/49, 20/34 and 16/02 percent of this County area respectively. The final map denotes the Suitable zone with green color in central part and unsuitable zone for planting rapeseed with orange color in the main four directions.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of implementing operating budgeting in Shiraz municipality. Method: The population of this study was consisted of four groups of individuals who were aware of the various phases of budgeting in Shiraz municipality including: (1) Senior managers and administrative and financial assistants, (2) Financial managers along with accounting and budget officials, (3) Financial experts, and (4) Program, education and IT experts. To collect the required data, a questionnaire was used, and in order to test the research hypotheses, the statistical measure of One-Sample T Test was used. Findings: The results of the study showed that from the participants’ perspectives, the ability to implement operating budgeting (including three dimensions of ability; namely, the ability to examine the performance, human ability, and technical ability) does not exist in Shiraz municipality, but the required authority (including legal, procedural and organizational authority) exists. It was also revealed that with regard to two dimensions of acceptance (including political and managerial acceptance), there are appropriate circumstances, but in the other dimension of acceptance (motivational acceptance), there is not enough motivation for implementation. Besides, it was indicated that implementation of operating budget will lead to financial gain in Shiraz municipality. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that Shiraz municipality has the authority as well as the acceptance at the moment to implement the operating budget.

The main aim of this paper was to study the feasibility of smart school in female secondary schools from the viewpoint of teachers and principals. To do so, a theoretical framework developed which consisted of attitude, knowledge, and skills of teachers and principals along with financial resources, infrastructures, equipments, culture and administrative performance within the secondary schools. It was a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) research. The research population consisted of teachers and principals of Ahwaz secondary schools, and the research sample consisted of 100 teachers and 8 principals of secondary schools which were randomly selected from zone 1 of Ahwaz city based on a cluster sampling method. Data was collected using interview, two questionnaires, checklist and researcher observation. Face and content validity of the instruments were confirmed by some experienced professors. The reliability of teachers’ questionnaire was computed 0.89 after a pilot study on 30 participants and the reliability of principals’ questionnaire was computed 0.94. The results showed that in general, the female secondary schools of Ahwaz were not ready to implement smart schools program.

Objective: The present paper studies the feasibility of implementing electronic reference services in the Central Library and Documentation Center of University of Tehran [CENLIB]. Methodology: A user-centered approach was implemented based on descriptive method through the use of researcher-developed questionnaire. Samples were drawn from postgraduate students' members of CENLIB. Findings: Results indicate that users who have access to ICT, because of their relative familiarity with ICT-based services, are more inclined towards electronic reference services.

Purpose: Clinical librarianship is a tool for evidence based medicine that intends to improve health professionals' access to information. This research, studies the feasibility of implement of clinical librarianship program in the hospital libraries of Tabriz University of Medical Science. Methodology: This paper is a descriptive research. Hospital libraries of Tabriz Medical University and their users are the society of the research. Findings: Data has been collected through questionnaire and Results show that, 93/8% of physicians, 95/6% of nurses and 90% of hospital library managers agree with implementation of clinical librarianship program in the library of their hospital. Libraries of Madani, and Sina hospitals, according to their equipments, and libraries of Madani, Sina and Nikokari hospitals in view point of information resources have a condition for implementation of clinical librarianship program. All hospital libraries face to lack of human resource for implementation of clinical librarianship program.