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Background and Purpose: Adipose tissue is not only a site of triglycerides storage, but also an active endocrine organ that secretes many biologically active mediators refered to as "adipokines". Visfatin, as a new adipokine has an important role in Homeostasis of energy and glucose metabolism. In the present study serum visfatin levels in restricted diet rats,type2 diabetic rats and insulin resistant rats has been measured and compared with control group. relationship between Visfatin and blood sugar, lipid profile, insulin, and HOMA-IR in these groups has been investigated Methods and Materials: 32 male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (8 rats in each group).group 1 was control,with free access to diet, group 2 or restricted diet group using 65% of normal diet , group3 orinduced type2 diabetic group with nicotinamide and streptozocin and group 4 was insulin resistance ,induced with fructose diet. After 6 weeks animals weight and other biochemical factors such as FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar), lipid profile, insulin and visfatin were measured. Results of this study were analyzed using SPSS16.and then examined and reported as ±average of standard deviation. Values of p< 0.05 were considered statistically significant . Results: Results of this study showed that body weight increased in all groups except diabetic group. Triglyceride were increased in all groups, in this order,restricted diet, control, insulin resistance and diabetic groups. visfatin, insulin, and Homa-IR increase significantly in type 2 diabetic rats and insulin resistant group. Conclusion: There was a positive and significant relationship between visfatin and HOMA-IR, and between visfain and FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar), while there was a negative relationship between visfatin and insulin, but this relationship was not significant.

Background and Objectives: Considering the high prevalence of diabetes and the important role of insulin resistance and inflammation in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and its resulted cardiovascular diseases, the present study was conducted with the objective of investigating the effect of oligofructose-enriched inulin on the levels of glycemic indices and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this clinical trial, 52 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to two groups. The subjects of experimental group (n=27) received 10g oligofructose-enriched inulin and the control group (n=25) 10g maltodextrin for 8 weeks. Dietary intakes, anthropometric measurements, glycemic indices and inflammation were measured at the baseline and at the end of the study. Statistical analysis was done using paired and independent t-tests, and analysis of covariance for comparison of quantitative variables. Results: In this study, a significant decrease was observed in fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, IL-6 and TNF-α in oligofructose-enriched inulin group compared to the maltodextrin group. Decreases in HOMA-IR, QUICKI, hs-CRP were not significant in oligofructose-enriched inulin compared to maltodextrin group. Conclusion: The results revealed that oligofructose-enriched inulin supplementation can improve glycemic indices and inflammation in women with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Adipokines are proteins which are secreted from the adipose tissue. These groups of proteins are involved in the control of metabolism. Chemerin is one of these adipokines with different proposed biological roles. Serum levels of chemerin have been associated with increased body mass index, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the association between serum chemerin concentrations and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Methods: This case-control study was performed in Taleghani Hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2011. On 45 patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome and 45 normal individuals as the control group. The participants were selected by easy given sampling method. Body mass index, fasting chemerin and serum insulin concentrations were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELIZA) method. Fasting serum glucose was measured by the enzyme-calorimetric method and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was measured by the calculation of relevant equation. Data was analyzed using independent t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient by SPSS version 18. Results: Serum chemerin, insulin, and glucose concentrations were significantly higher in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome than the control group. There was no significant correlation between body mass index, serum levels of insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, or chemerin in cases and controls. Conclusion: This study showed that serum chemerin levels increase in polycystic ovarian syndrome. The findings also suggest that changes in chemerin serum levels could be considered as a criterion for polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Introduction: Azo groups of dyes used widely for coloring yarn. Methylene blue is one of this group's dyes therefore with benzene rings in its structure caused the toxicity and its persistence in the environment. So that the its deficiency of proper treatment can cause the irreparable damage to the environment. One of the ways to removal these dyes from natural sources are absorbed by the absorbent. So the aim of this study is Kinetic and isotherm study of methylene blue adsorption by powdered pumice from the aquatic environment. Methods: Adsorption process was investigated in vitro at neutral pH, a constant concentration of dye and adsorbent dosage. The residual concentration of the dye solution through adsorption was measured at a wavelength nm 665 by using a spectrophotometer (Cary 50 manufacturers of Perkin Elmer). In order to understand how to adsorption, obtained data were fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Harikens-jura and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms and Pseudo -first -order, Pesedo - second - order, Intraparticle diffusion and Elovich Kinetics. Results: Results showed that in the between of five isotherm models, the adsorption process is most obeyed of Harikens-jura isotherm (R2=0.9914). Also the adsorption process has appropriate obeyed of both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms (R2=0.9633 and R2=0.9365) and it is means that the adsorption process occurs in a mono- layer and multi-layer. The low of mean free energy (E= 0.323 KJ/mol) in Dubinin-Radushkevich showed that the physical absorption process is dominant adsorption. Also adsorption process is obeyed of pseudo - second - order model. Conclusion: According to the results, can say Methylene blue adsorption multi -layer is most occurs than mono- layer and the pumice is the effectiveness adsorbent for removal methylene blue dye (RL=0.2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: In recent years the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing worldwide. Many researchers investigated the probable effect of vitamin D on pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus but there are contradictory results. This study was designed to survey the effect of vitamin D improvement on blood glycemic control in patients with type II diabetes. Materials and methods: In a controlled clinical trial, 102 patients with type II diabetes were participated whose vitamin D levels were under 15 ng/ml. They were classified into two groups; moderate deficiency (10-15 ng/ml, n=48) and severe deficiency (under 10 ng/ml, n=54). Two intramuscular (IM) injections of vitamin D (300,000 IU) were administered at a one-week interval. We measured vitamin D levels, FBS, HbA1c, and used Homeostasis model assessment of Insulin Resistance (Homa-IR) before the treatment and after 12 weeks. Paired t-test was used to analyze the pre and post intervention results and independent t-test was applied to compare the data between the two groups. Results: In both groups there were differences in vitamin D levels before and after the treatment (P=0.0001). But no significant difference was found before and after the intervention in HbA1c, FBS and Homa-IR. According to before intervention Homa-IR, significant dicreasion in HbA1c was observed only in insulin sensitive group (P=0.01). Also Patients with atleast 0.5% decreasion in HbA1c after the treatment had higher first HbA1c than no response group (P= 0.014). Conclusion: Treatment of vitamin D deficiency with intermuscular vitamin D dose not significant effect on blood glocuse though patients with higher HbA1c and also insulin sensitive show better respons to treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Adipose tissue is not only a site of triglycerides storage, but also an active endocrine organ that secretes many biologically active mediators refered to as "adipokines". Visfatin, as a new adipokine has an important role in Homeostasis of energy and glucose metabolism. In the present study serum visfatin levels in restricted diet rats,type2 diabetic rats and insulin resistant rats has been measured and compared with control group. relationship between Visfatin and blood sugar, lipid profile, insulin, and HOMA-IR in these groups has been investigated Methods and Materials: 32 male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (8 rats in each group).group 1 was control,with free access to diet, group 2 or restricted diet group using 65% of normal diet , group3 orinduced type2 diabetic group with nicotinamide and streptozocin and group 4 was insulin resistance ,induced with fructose diet. After 6 weeks animals weight and other biochemical factors such as FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar), lipid profile, insulin and visfatin were measured. Results of this study were analyzed using SPSS16.and then examined and reported as ±average of standard deviation. Values of p< 0.05 were considered statistically significant . Results: Results of this study showed that body weight increased in all groups except diabetic group. Triglyceride were increased in all groups, in this order,restricted diet, control, insulin resistance and diabetic groups. visfatin, insulin, and Homa-IR increase significantly in type 2 diabetic rats and insulin resistant group. Conclusion: There was a positive and significant relationship between visfatin and HOMA-IR, and between visfain and FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar), while there was a negative relationship between visfatin and insulin, but this relationship was not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hirsutism is defined as androgen- dependent excessive malepattern hair growth. Hirsutism is often idiopathic or the consequence of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Insulin resistance is common in PCOS (specially obese patients), and, this association has been proved. However, association between Insulin resistance and idiopathic hirsutism is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the assessment of insulin resistance in idiopathic hirsutism, compared with healthy women and patients with PCOS. Material and methods: This case-control study was performed among patients referring to the clinics of Imam Reza and Ghaem general hospital, in 20112012. Age adjusted healthy controls were selected voluntarily. The study included three groups, patients with idiopathic hirsutism, PCOS and healthy women. Each group included 30 non-obese women. Insulin resistance was detected by using basal insulin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) in all the groups. Results: There were no significant difference in the level of serum Insulin (P=0/491), level of HOMA- IR score (P=0/470), prevalence of insulin resistance (P=0/140) and prevalence of severe insulin resistance (P=0/696) among three groups. After classification by body mass index (BMI≤25, BMI>25), there were also no significant difference in insulin resistance among three groups. Conclusion: The study showed that prevalence of insulin resistance has not significant difference in idiopathic hirsutism, PCOS and healthy groups. Conflict of interest: This research financial supported by Research Council of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and this manuscript is the results of thesis by Dr. Barazandeh with approval number 900399. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hirsutism in women is identified as the increasing growth of terminal hair in areas that are sensitive to androgen. The most common causes of hirsutism are PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) and idiopathic hirsutism. The role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia as the most important pathogenesis mechanism of PCO is quite obvious, but there is not enough information on the role of insulin resistance in idiopathic hirsutism. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 16 to 40 year old women. Medical history and physical examination were completed for patients with PCOS and idiopathic hirsutism. Hormonal tests and sonography were run for both groups and insulin resistance was assessed using HOMA-IR formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS version. 17. Results: Mean of serum insulin levels in PCOS and idiopathic hirsutism groups were 16.04±1.4 and 7.32±6.85 μIu/ml, respectively (P<0.001). HOMA-IR values in PCOS and idiopathic hirsutism groups were 3.7± 3.36 and 1.67±1.75, respectively (P< 0.001). Mean of serum DHEA-S levels in PCOS and idiopathic hirsutism groups were 2.48±1 and 1.84±0.46 pg/ml, respectively (P< 0.001). These findings indicated a significant difference between the two groups. However, in terms of serum glucose, testosterone, androstendione, and follicular hormones levels, there were not any significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: In both PCOS and idiopathic groups, there was a significant relationship between hirsutism and insulin resistance. This relationship, however, was more significant the PCOS group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]