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Background: Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is a cutaneous autoimmune bullous disease characterized by the presence of anti-desmoglein 1 antibodies. The trigger for the formation of these antibodies is thought to consist of the vector insects of parasitic diseases found in endemic regions for PF, including leishmaniasis, as a non-pathogenic variant of these antibodies was found in patients with those parasitic diseases in endemic regions for PF. This hypothesis would be confirmed by the finding of the said non-pathogenic antibodies in patients with one of these parasitic diseases in regions non-endemic for pemphigus foliaceus. Therefore the aim of this study was the evaluation of Anti-DSG1 antibody in patients suffering to zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasisin Isfahan city of Iran. Methods: Blood sera of 58 patients with zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, confirmed by clinical signs and direct blood smear, were collected and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-desmoglein 1 antibodies was performed on these sampl. Findings: 56 out of 58 serum samples of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasisin this study were negative for anti-Dsg1 antibodies using ELISA, with one sample having an indeterminate value and one sample being positive. Conclusion: Our results reject our initial hypothesis regarding the role of leishmaniasisin triggering the formation of anti-desmoglein 1 antibodies. Several alternate explanations are possible, including the role of the black fly Simuliumnigrimanum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]