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Background & Aim: Today, ageing is a challenge for health and care systems, and one of its main consequences is an increase in the readmission rates. Therefore, in all countries, efforts are being made to reduce the readmission rate. The Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale was designed to understand patients' readiness levels for discharge. This study was conducted to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale. Methods & Materials: In this methodological study, a convenience sample of 500 elderly patients admitted to hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences was selected in 2020-2021. The instrument was translated using the forward-backwards method. The psychometric properties of the final version of the instrument were assessed by employing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (validity) and Cronbach's alpha and the Guttman's split-half coefficient (reliability). Results: In the factor analysis, all items had a factor loading above 0.3 and, all of them were retained. The goodness of fit indices confirmed the model and a good fit of the model. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale and the Guttman's split-half coefficient were 0.92 and 0.86, respectively. Conclusion: The results of our study supported the four-dimensional structure of this instrument and indicated that this instrument has adequate validity and reliability. Therefore, nurses and doctors can use this tool as a suitable method to measure the elderly patients' readiness for discharge and to achieve a safe transfer from the hospital to home.

Background: Aluminium phosphide (ALP) is a highly effective insecticide and rodenticide used frequently to protect stored grain. Acute poisoning with this compound is common in some countries including India and Iran, and is a serious health problem. The objective of this study was to survey ALP poisoning and the outcome in hospitals in Karaj, Iran. Materials and Methods: The study was a retrospective study from April 2006 to April 2011. Records of all patients admitted and hospitalized to hospital during the five-year period were collected. Information including gender, age, amount of ALP consumed, route of exposure and outcome were extracted from the patients notes. Results: During the five-year period, 67 patients, 53.7% men and 46.3% women were admitted with ALP poisoning. Most poisoned people were under the age of 21 years.The most common signs and symptoms at admission were nausea (79.4%), vomiting (76.5%), abdominal pain (31.4%) and metabolic acidosis (41.1%). Suicidal intention was the most common cause of poisoning leading to 44.8% deaths and most cases were male (P

This study aimed to identify the impact of human capital on entrepreneurial behavior of the knowledge-based companies and was performed in Science and Technology Park of Tehran University in 1393. The survey population was 64 managers of knowledge-based companies, and according to Morgan table the sample size was 56 individuals. Method of data gathering is based on two standard questionnaires to measure research variables. Data analysis was conducted in two parts: measurement model and a sturtural part. In the measurement model, the technical charactersitics of questionnaries inculuding reliability, validity, convergent and divergent validity were examined and necessary amendments were adopted. In the structure, the structure coefficients of the model were used to evaluate research hypotheses. Results indicate a positive and significant impact of human capital and its dimensions on the entrepreneurial behavior of the firms. It was conclude that human capital is a potential source of competitive advantage for knowledge-based companies. Which eventually led to the development of these companies and also enhance the situation of entrepreneur in these firms.

Satellite software is a kind of application that are exposed to soft-errors or transient faults because they work in an environment, which is full of radiations. This kind of fault has caused error in the execution of software. Satellite designers have used different methods, such as hardware shielding and component hardening, for removing the effects of this type of errors. These methods will increase the cost, weight and power consumption. Also, thesemethods decrease the performance. Recently, researches have shown that instead of spatial components,, COTS components can be used in LEO satellites. In addition, software implemented hardware fault tolerance (SIHFT) techniques can be added to these components for dealing with transient faults. In this paper, a branch of these techniques, which is called control flow based techniques, are investigated and the useful method among them is highlighted. The result of the implementation, testing and evaluation of the selected method (i.e. RSCFC) is also presented in this paper.

Chicory plant is known as one of the main sources of industrial and commercial production of inulin. Inulin composition and its functional features depend on various parameters, including genetic characteristics and plant origin, growth environmental conditions and harvesting time, and also extraction method as well as the post extraction methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate native and exotic cultivars of chicory in terms of inulin production efficiency. The Results showed that the efficiency of inulin in indigenous landrace was relatively low while foreign cultivars revealed higher inulin content. By considering the significant difference between root weight and inulin content, foreign genotype (Orchies) was chosen to achieve optimal conditions for extracting inulin-type fructans. Response Surface Methodology and Central Composite Design were employed to investigate the effect of independent variables of time (20 to 60 min), temperature (50 to 80° C) and water to solids ratio (5:1-12:1) on the extraction efficiency. The Results demonstrated that the most effective factors in the efficiency of inulin extraction were temperature and the ratio of water to solids, while, the time had less effect on the extraction process.

The Lack of corporate governance mechanisms, increasing shareholder interests, and improving performance make it difficult for companies. Timely dissemination of information reduces information asymmetry, rumors and information leakage in the market. The purpose of this study is to improve effective decision making for investors and, on the other hand, for corporate executives to achieve positive results and ultimately improve the performance of their companies. In this study, the data of 152 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange were studied. This information was collected by the new approach software and analyzed by multiple linear regression using Eviews9 software. The results showed that the CEO's duality had an adverse effect on the timeliness of financial reporting and the size and independence of the Audit Committee had a direct effect on the timeliness of financial reporting, The auditor's expertise also has a significant effect on the relationship between the size and independence of the Audit Committee on the timeliness of financial reporting.

Reinforced concrete flat slabs are widely employed in structural systems. The location of the slab-column connection is the most sensitive part of the flat slab due to the existence of a high flexural anchor and shear force. On the other hand, the utilization of flat slabs directly resting on columns, in the case of punching shear failure, reveals their vulnerability that the presence of openings will increase the probability of punching shear failure. This study is the numerical study of the effect of strengthening the reinforced concrete flat slabs with opening and external steel plates on the punching shear capacity. Initially, verification of the numerical model by the experimental sample conducted. Then some reinforced concrete flat slabs with reinforced opening and external steel plates with various dimensions and thickness as well as diameter, length, number and order of the different shear studs under the load, by using the finite element method analysis and the results of the various samples were compared with each other. The strengthening of the reviewing slabs improved the condition of stiffness and increased the punching shear capacity. The reviews also indicated that this situation improve dependent on the dimensions and the thickness of the plate and the diameter, length, number, and order of the shear studs. The results of this research suggested that if you use the right behavioral model in the simulation process, the finite element method can be a useful tool for analysis and secure and optimum design of reinforced concrete slab.

مقدمه: زانو يکي از مهم‌ترين و پرکاربردترين مفصل‌هاي بدن انسان مي‌باشد که در معرض آرتروز و بيماري‌ها قرار دارد. استفاده از مدل‌هاي بيومکانيکي و تحليل Finite element، درک صحيحي از نيروهاي ماهيچه‌اي، تنش غضروف و پيش‌بيني آسيب‌هاي زانو در وضعيت‌ها و شرايط مختلف بارگذاري ارایه خواهد نمود. در هنگام رانندگي با ماشين‌آلات زراعي به دليل نامناسب بودن طراحي و عدم برخورداري از ارگونومي مناسب، اعمال نيروي بيش از حد مجاز از طرف راننده به پدال باعث بارگذاري نامناسب مفصل زانو و در نتيجه آسيب ديدن غضروف‌ مفصلي و ايجاد آرتروز زانو مي‌شود. هدف از اين مطالعه، مروري بر نتايج حاصل از تحليل Finite element تحت سينتيک‌هاي مختلف و تحت شرايط فعاليت اپراتورهاي ماشين‌آلات کشاورزي بود. مواد و روش‌ها: بررسي بيومکانيک کل مفصل زانو و مدل‌سازي Finite element سه بعدي اين مفصل با استفاده از روش‌هاي عکس‌برداري و آناتومي هندسه، مي‌تواند سينماتيک و مکانيک اتصال و تماس در اين مفصل را مورد ارزيابي قرار دهد. همچنین با بررسي مدل استقرار و شرايط مختلف بارگذاري‌، می‌توان نيروهاي ايجاد شده را تجزيه و تحليل نمود. مدل‌‌هاي بيومکانيکي زانو اغلب شامل ساختار استخواني، لايه‌هاي غضروفي مجزا، منيسک‌ها و ليگامنت‌‌هاي اصلي مي‌باشد. یافته‌ها: مطالعه تحقيقات صورت پذيرفته روي مفصل زانو در سينتيک‌هاي مختلف، به خصوص موقعيت‌هاي مشابه فشردن پدال در ماشين‌آلات کشاورزي بيانگر اين نتيجه بود که به دليل اعمال نيروي زياد به خصوص در اکستنشن کامل زانو، مشابه فشردن پدال‌ها، سينتيک‌هاي خاص مي‌تواند در کاهش تنش‌هاي به وجود آمده تا زير حد تحمل زانو و عملکرد بهتر مفصل، مؤثر واقع شود. نتیجه‌گیری: ضرورت انجام مطالعه مروري، بر روي مفصل زانو، بررسي وضعيت‌هاي مختلف زانو و شرايط تحمل بار و چگونگي سينماتيک، رفتار و عملکرد تحت سينتيک مختلف زانو توسط روش‌هاي Finite element و بيومکانيک مي‌باشد. به ويژه در فعاليت با ماشين‌آلات کشاورزي که فرد با شرايط خاص قرارگيري، بارهاي شديد و اغلب در شرايط نامناسب ارگونوميکي روبرو مي‌باشد. كليد واژه‌ها: مدل‌سازي، اجزاي محدود، بيومکانيک، مفصل زانو، راننده