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Background and Objective: The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), trichoderma fungi and humic acid on the yield and physiological characteristics of wheat (Var. Ofogh). Materials and Methods: This study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three factors and three replications at the research field of the Kashan during 2017-2018 growing season. The first factor was plant growth promoting rhizobacteria such as Azotobacter chroococcum + Azospirillum lipoferum + Pseudomonas putida (application and non-application), the second factor was two concentrations of trichoderma fungi (application and non-application) and three factor was humic acid soil application (0 and 200 kg. ha-1 ). Results: The Results showed that plant growth-promoting bacteria, trichoderma fungus and humic acid led to an increase in plant height, chlorophyll a and b, grain yield and yield components of wheat. Growth-promoting bacteria, trichoderma and humic acid led to an increase of 43.8, 21.7 and 6% in grain yield compared to the control, respectively. The combined use of growth-promoting bacteria, trichoderma fungus and humic acid led to an increase in grain yield, yield components and harvest index compared to single application and control.The highest grain yield was obtained with the combined application of growth-promoting bacteria and trichoderma fungus amounting to 7466.7 kg per hectare and the highest harvest index was obtained with the combined application of biological fertilizers at the rate of 32.3% Conclusion: In general, it is possible to obtain a significant grain yield increase in wheat with the combined application of plant growth-promoting bacteria, trichoderma and humic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanobacterial blooms cause huge and irreparable financial losses to fish farmers every year. One of the most effective methods for managing water cyanobacterial bloom is biological control by adding pathogenic agents to break down cyanobacterial cells. Therefore, this study investigated the possibility of using Pseudomonas putida bacteria to control the bloom of cyanobacteria Chroococcus sp., Oscillatoria sp., Microcystis sp. and Gloeocapsa sp., isolated from fish Culture ponds was done in the laboratory. The results of this study showed that Pseudomonas putida bacteria have a significant effect on controlling all 4 cyanobacterial species. So, for the cyanobacterium Chroococcus sp. In the experimental group containing 106 CFU/ml of Pseudomonas putida bacteria, there was a moderate 80.7% reduction and also in the group containing 104 CFU/ml of this bacterium, there was 63.1% reduction compared to the control group models on the 10th day. Also, for the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. at the 10th day, 78.9% reduction occurred in 104 CFU/ml and 87.7% in 106 CFU/ml. Next, for the cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. On the tenth day, there was 61.7 percent decrease in the group containing 104 CFU/ml and 70.5 percent decrease in the group containing 106 CFU/ml of Pseudomonas putida bacteria. Finally for the cyanobacterium Gloeocapsa sp. A decrease of 72.3% was observed in the experimental group containing 104 CFU/ml and an 83% decrease in the group containing 106 CFU/ml. Although the control group show an increase of 37-78 percent (P<0.05). The results of this research showed that the bacterium Pseudomonas putida has a high efficiency in controlling the bloom of cyanobacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Toluene is significant pollutants in the air. Long-term exposure to toluene can lead to adverse effects. Biofiltration is one of the air pollutant control methods. In this study, Pseudomonas putida was selected as a microorganism capable of hydrocarbon degradation and its ability to biodegrade toluene in a suspension growth reactor was also investigated. Material and Methods: Experiments were conducted in two days and in five hours. Each method consisted of three sample reactors (A, B, C) and one control reactor (D). In the first method, the amount of bacteria in the sample reactors is 0.5, 1 and 2 McFarland and the amount of toluene injection into the reactors is the same (0.5 microliters) and in the second method, the amount of toluene injection into the sample reactors is 0.5, 1 and 1.5 microliter and 1.5 microliter in the control reactor and the amount of bacteria in them was the same (1 McFarland).Toluene gas samples and carbon dioxide were periodically analyzed. Results: In the first method of toluene decomposition, there was a significant difference between the three reactors (p-value = 0.002). The results of the second method were also significantly different between the three reactors (p-value

In order to study the morphologies and biochemistry of ornamental cabbage under salt stress, a factorial experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design in three replications. The treatments included salinity at three levels (4 and 8 dS.m-1 and control (no salinity) and growth stimulating bacteria at three levels (no inoculation Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis). Plant growth characteristics, including plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves, fresh and dry weight of plant and root, showed a significant decrease compared to the control treatment with increasing salinity stress, and inoculation with growth-promoting bacteria, especially Pseudomonas putida, improved these attributes. Antioxidant activity and total phenol increased with increasing salinity, so that the highest amount of phenol and antioxidant was observed at treatment 8 dS/m (1.08 mg/g FW and 62.52 pmol/g FW, respectively). On the other hand, the use of Bacillus bacteria could increase the amount of total phenol and antioxidants in contrast with salinity (1.08 mg/g FW and 62.78 pmol/g FW). The amount of proline in leaves also had an increasing trend at different levels of salinity stress, and its highest level was observed at the highest level of salinity stress and the application of Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The interaction between bacteria and salinity stress reduced the accumulation of sodium element and increased the amount of potassium element. The results of this experiment showed that growth-promoting bacteria, especially Pseudomonas putida bacteria, reduce the damage caused by salt stress in ornamental cabbage plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effect of plant growth in soil pollution conditions in hackberry plant (Celtis caucasica Willd.), a test was carried out as a factorial design in a completely random pattern in the research conservatory of the University of Zanjan, Iran. The treatments included three levels of lead (0, 50, 100 mg/kg) and bacterial treatments invcluing Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis with concentrations of 105 and 108 cfu/ml. The attributes of the evaluation include root fresh and dry weights, plant height, total chlorophyll, total phenol, flavonoids and enzyme activity including peroxidase and malon-di-aldehyde, lead value in root and leaf and phosphorus in leaf. The two-way analysis of variance and compare the comparison with Duncan's method were used in order to investigate the effects of the lead stress and bacteria. The findings of this study showed that the use of bacteria in lead stress improved the growth and function of hackberry plant including root fresh and dry weights, plant height, total chlorophyll and flavonoids. The maximum amount of peroxidase was obtained in the treatment of 100 mg/kg lead and Bacillus subtilis (105 cfu/ml). hr this treatment, the amount of lead in the fresh roots was 26.53 mg/g, which was a significant difference compared to the other treatments. Also, the highest amount of lead uptake by leaves (16.8 mg/g Fw) was observed under the treatment of Bacillus subtilis with a concentration of 108 cfu/ml. While hackberry plant performed well in terms of phytoremediation under lead stress, its growth characteristics were significantly diminished, but with the presence of growth-promoting bacteria specially Bacillus subtilis that can prevent severe reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bitterness of citrus juice is one of the most important factors in the reduction of marketability in juice industry. Limonin and Narengin are known as two important compounds in bitter citrus juice during storage. Therefore, various processes, including chemical, microbial and enzymatic methods, have been used to reduce these bitter compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding Pseudomonas putida bacteria on the reduction of the level of limonin and also the measurement of physicochemical and organoleptic properties. Pseudomonas putida bacteria with two concentrations of 102 and 104 cfu/mL as a causative agent of orange and grapefruit concentrate were studied. Also, the physicochemical properties of concentrates were measured at 120 h (growth time and bacterial activity). The results showed that the growth rate of bacteria had a significant effect on the reduction of lemonin, pH and turbidity levels (p < /em>

غلظت آنتی­بیوتیک­ها در خاک بر اثر اضافه کردن کود مرغی آلوده به آنتی­بیوتیک افزایش می­یابد و ممکن است جامعه میکروبی خاک را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. هدف این پژوهش تاثیر اضافه نمودن کود مرغی محتوی انروفلوکساسین به خاک بر جمعیتAzotobacter spp.، Pseudomonas fluorescens و Pseudomonas putida و همچنین بیوماس میکروبی و تنفس میکروارگانیسم­های خاک است. یک آزمایش در آزمایشگاه به مدت 45 روز با 7 تیمار و سه تکرار انجام شد. این آزمایش شامل کود مرغی تازه و کمپوست شده محتوی آنتی­بیوتیک دردو سطح غلظتی بالا ( mg kg-12/26) و پایین (mg kg-123/4) و کود مرغی بدون آنتی­بیوتیک بر مبنای طرح کرت­های به‌طورکامل تصادفی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد کود مرغی حاوی آنتی­بیوتیک منجر به کاهش جمعیت Azotobacter spp.(%28)، Pseudomonas fluorescens(%73) و Pseudomonas putida(%6/14) در خاک­ها شد. کمپوست کردن کود مرغی نیز اگرچه اثر منفی آن را کمتر کرد اما همچنان کاهش جمعیت وجود داشت. کاربرد کود مرغی تازه بدون آنتی بیوتیک سبب افزایش 127 درصدی تنفس میکروبی خاک نسبت به شاهد شد اما بین سایر تیمارهای مختلف کاربرد کود مرغی تفاوت معنی­دار دیده نشد. کاربرد کود مرغی بدون آنتی­بیوتیک کربن بیوماس میکروبی را به طور معنی­داری افزایش داد (%95). وجود آنتی­بیوتیک در کود مرغی تاثیر منفی بر غلظت کربن بیوماس میکروبی داشت. به طور کلی رهاسازی و انتشار آنتی­بیوتیک­ها در خاک بر اثر افزودن کود مرغی به مزارع حتی اگر قبل از مصرف کمپوست شده باشد، باعث کاهش رشد گروه­های باکتریایی مفید خاک شد.

Introduction: Air pollution is now recognized as an important environmental and health concern. Biological control processes, due to their durable, cost-effective and eco-friendly, have become a good alternative to physic-chemical methods. Biotechnology is based on the activity of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to compare the capability of Pseudomonas Putida PTCC 1694 (bacteria) and Polarotus Stratus IRAN 1781C (mushroom) in the removal of toluene from the air stream and its biodegradation under same operating conditions. Material and Methods: To this purpose, a bio filter containing two parallel columns was designed and constructed on a laboratory scale and the experiments were carried out based on measuring the removal efficiency (RE), elimination capacity (EC) and pressure drop in these two columns. Thus, the bacteria were inoculated in one of the columns and in the other the fungus was inoculated. Results: The bacterial testing lasted for 20 days and the fungal testing lasted for 16 days. The contaminant loading rates (LR) for bacterial and fungal bio filters were 11.65±2.26 and 11.94±2.56 g/m3.h, respectively. The results showed that the fungal bio filter was more capable of eliminating of toluene vapor than bacterial bio filter (9.65±3.53 vs 9.18±2.6 g/m3.h). However, the pressure drop in the bacterial bio filter was lower than the fungal bio filter (1±0.28 vs 1.1±0.32 cm water). Conclusion: According to the results, fungal bio filtration appeared to be more successful than bacterial bio filtration in the removal of toluene.

Heavy metal sequestration from industrial wastewater is a serious environmental problem especially in developing countries. Among various treatment technologies, it seems that biosoprtion is a promising alternative method. Microbial–based biosorbents are effective and applicable for heavy metals removal from aqueous solutions. The present study investigated the ability of Pseudomonas putida immobilized on chitosan to adsorb uranium (VI) from the aqueous solution. The biosorption process factors were screened using Plackett–Burman design. The results showed that the biosorbent dosage, initial concentration, biosorbent particle size, bacteria wt.% in the biosorbent and pH were the most significant parameters, respectively while temperature was the only insignificant parameter in the biosorption process. Maximum practical biosorption capacity was 536.08 mg g–1 obtained from 15 wt.% of the bacterial cells immobilized on chitosan. Biosorption equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevhch models. For Pseudomonas putida immobilized on chitosan, the Langmuir isotherm model (R2=0.983) was proved to fit the equilibrium data best with the maximum capacities of 588.23 and 454.54 mg g–1 for the biosorbent and pure chitosan, respectively. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the prepared composite biosorbent could be a suitable candidate for uranium (VI) biosorption.

The bitterness of citrus juice is one of the most important factors in the reduction of marketability in juice industry. Limonin and Narengin are known as two important compounds in bitter citrus juice during storage. Therefore, various processes, including chemical, microbial and enzymatic methods, have been used to reduce these bitter compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding Pseudomonas putida bacteria on the reduction of the level of limonin and also the measurement of physicochemical and organoleptic properties. Pseudomonas putida bacteria with two concentrations of 102 and 104 cfu/mL as a causative agent of orange and grapefruit concentrate were studied. Also, the physicochemical properties of concentrates were measured at 120 h (growth time and bacterial activity). The results showed that the growth rate of bacteria had a significant effect on the reduction of lemonin, pH and turbidity levels (P<0.05). Also, it has a significant effect on increasing the acidity of the treatments (P<0.01). After pasteurization and inactivation of Pseudomonas putida bacteria, to ensure that bitterness is not rejected the specimens were incubated at 40 °C for 45 days and sensory characteristics were measured on days 0, 15, 30 and 45. Among the samples, T4 (orange concentrate + 104 cfu/mL) and T6 (grapefruit concentrate + 104 cfu/mL) treated with the lowest microbial growth rate in 120 h and also, in terms of general acceptance and taste, it has more points than other samples during 45 days of storage were identified as superior samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida on some soil biological properties and growth indices of wheat under salt stress and some of soil chemical and biological indices, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted. The factors were salinity at four levels, control, 6, 8 and 10 dS/m, and inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at three level, including no-inoculation, inoculation with Pseudomonas putida and inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens. The results showed that soil salinity significantly decreased plant yield parameters such as root volume, root fresh and dry weight, shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and also the inoculation with Pseudomonas bacteria significantly increased these indices. Also, there was a significant difference between two Pseudomonas strains, however in general it was not possible to precisely compare two bacteria. On the other hand, the results showed that with increasing the salinity level, factors of soil biological properties such as microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration and substrate-induced respiration reduced and the use of bacteria has increased these traits. Regarding the soil biological indices that increased with the inoculation, it can be concluded that the inoculation indirectly increased soil biological indices by affecting plant growth and yield. Therefore, in the saline conditions plant growth promoting rhizobacteria could be used to directly increase plant growth and yield by plant promoting mechanisms and indirectly increase soil fertility condition and plant nutrition by increasing soil biological indices.

Introduction Legumes are very important source of protein after cereals. These plants are capable of biological nitrogen fixation and increasing soil fertility as cover crop or including in crop rotation and reducing soil erosion which improve sustainable agriculture. Increasing use of chemical fertilizer which has negative effect on soil structure which cause unbalance on physical and chemical propertied of soil which ultimately reduce nutrient element absorption. Nowadays due to environmental problems use of biological fertilizers are good substitutions. On the other hand biological fertilizer use improve soil fertility. Protein quantity and quality are basic nutritional problem. According to use of more than 85000 tones chemical fertilizers in legume cultivation in Iran. It is necessary to conduct correct and efficient inoculation for each legume crop in the country including bean, which is one of the important crop for human consumption. In most cases biological fertilizers are complementary of chemical fertilizers in a sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of interaction effect of mycorrhiza vesicular, Psodomonas bacteria and humic acid on yield and yield components of bean. Material & Methods Mycorrhiza inoculation was prepared in soil science Lab in Tabriz University in sterile sandy loam. Bacterial inoculation Pseudomonas putida prepared in soil biology of Tabriz University. Humic acid extraction was done with method of Kay et al., (2004). For Seed bean Phaseolus vulgaris variety Cos-16 from agronomy and plant breeding department of Tabriz University which is resistant to drought. Soils for this experiment were collected from Khalat Poshan research station from 0 to 25 cm depth and passed through 4mm sieve after sun sterile method. Soil physical and chemical properties were estimated with standard methods. Each pot was filled with three kilogram sterile soil. Seventy gram of mycorrhiza inoculation was spread in 5 cm of top soil and then bacteria inoculation was added to soil just below the seeds. Humic acid extracted from vermicompost and applied to soil in the powder form in three levels, control (H0), 200 mg kg-1(H1), and 400 mg kg-1 (H2). Pots were place in green house at 25C. After treatment application 5 seeds were sown in each pots and pot moisture kept at 0.9 FC. Pots were irrigated with distilled water whenever needed. After 4 months plant roots and shoot properties and plant yield and yield components were estimated. This experiment was conducted in the form of factorial on the base of complete randomize block design in Tarbiat Moalem University of Tabriz. First and second factor were in two levels, control and applied for mycorrhiza (M0 and M1) and bacteria P. putida (S0 and S1) and humic acid in three levels control (H0), 200 mg kg-1 (H1) and 400 mg kg-1 (H2) in three replications. Data analysis was done with MSTATC and SPSS and mean comparison were done with LSD test for significance and figures drown with Excel 2007. Results & Discussion Analysis of variance of data for plant height showed that interaction effects of humic acid and bacteria were significant at 1% level and mycorrhiza was significant at 5% level. Mean comparison of results showed that least plant height mean from interaction of humic acid and bacteria with S0H1 treatment with (28.58 cm) and the highest was (30.35cm) with S1H1 treatment. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of mycorrhiza were significant at 1% level and interaction effect of humic acid and bacteria at 5% level on shoot wet weight of bean. Analysis of variance for main effect of humic acid and mycorrhiza were significant at 1% level for shoot dry weight and main effect of bacteria and interaction effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza were significant at 5% level for shoot dry weight of bean. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of mycorrhiza and humic acid were significant at 1% level and interaction effect of mycorrhiza and humic acid at 5% level on root dry weight. Analysis of variance of Mycorrhiza and bacteria main effect on ratio of root dry weight to shoot were significant at 1% level and main effect of humic acid and interaction effect of humic acid and mycorrhiza were significant at 5% level. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of mycorrhiza and humic acid were significant at 1% level and main effect of bacteria and interaction effect of mycorrhiza and bacteria were significant at 5% level for seed numbers of bean. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza and interaction effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza were significant at 1% level and interaction effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza were significant at 5% level on stem length. Analysis of variance showed that main effect of humic acid and mycorrhiza were significant at 1% level and main effect of bacteria and interaction effect of humic acid and bacteria were significant at 5% level for stem diameter. Analysis of variance showed the main effect of mycorrhiza was significant at 1% level and main effect of humic acid and interaction effect of bacteria and mycorrhiza and interaction effect of bacteria and humic acid and main effect of humic acid were significant at 5% level for the seed yield. Conclusion Analysis of variance of experiment treatments in this research showed that treatment applied had positive effect on agronomic properties of bean and humic acid could have direct and positive effect on plant root and shoot growth.

Pseudomonas putida یکی از شناخته شده‏ترین باکتری‏هاست که جدایه‏های بسیار زیادی از آن از سراسر دنیا گزارش شده است. برخی از جدایه‏های این باکتری جزو مهم‏ترین عوامل حل‏کننده‌ فسفات در خاک می‌باشند که باعث افزایش دسترسی گیاهان به این عنصر و بهبود رشد آنها می‏گردد و به همین دلیل جزء باکتری‏های مفید خاکزی محسوب می‏شوند. عوامل مختلفی بر رشد طبیعی این باکتری‌ در خاک اثر می‏کند که یکی از مهم‏ترین این عوامل، آفت‏کش‏ها می‌باشند. در تحقیق حاضر تاثیر دو سم دیازینون و بنومیل در مقدارها و دماهای مختلف بر رشد جدایه‏ای از این باکتری‌ مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. بر این اساس، نتایج نشان دادند که هر دو سم حتی در پایین‏ترین مقدار مورد مطالعه باعث کاهش معنی‏داری در رشد جمعیت باکتری می‏گردند، هر چند که توقف کامل رشد باکتری دیده نشد. مقدار توصیه شده و مصرفی کشاورزان برای هر دو سم در مزارع ایران 1000 میلی‏گرم بر لیتر است که در این غلظت رشد جمعیت باکتری برای هر دو سم بکاررفته بسیار کند و به ترتیب برای بنومیل 60% و برای دیازینون 89% کمتر از شاهد مشاهده گردید. سم بنومیل در هیچ یک ازدزهای استفاده شده باعث توقف کامل رشد و مرگ کامل باکتری نشد، در حالی‏که سم دیازینون در غلظت‏های 2500 میلی‏گرم بر لیتر و بالاتر از آن باعث مرگ کامل سلول‏های باکتری و از بین رفتن جمعیت اولیه باکتری گردید. در دماهای بالای 30 درجه کاهش معنی‏داری در رشد جمعیت باکتری مشاهده شد که این کاهش رشد، در حضور غلظت‏های مختلف هر دو سم بطور معنی‏داری تشدیدگردید.

Background and Objectives: Bioaugmentation is a superior technique in bioremediation of contaminated soils with petroleum hydrocarbons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isolated bacteria from activated sludge of Asalouyeh special zone municipal wastewater treatment for bioaugmentation of kerosene-contaminated soils and to study the growth of isolated bacteria in the presence of different concentrations of this product. Materials and Methods: Sampling of activated sludge was carried out from two treatment plants in Asalouyeh zone. Isolation of degrading bacteria was performed by culturing the samples on basal mineral medium. Emulsification test and evaluating the kinetic growth of bacteria were carried out in different concentrations of kerosene. Isolated bacteria were inoculated to polluted soils with kerosene oil compound for bioaugmentation and measuring their bioremediation potentials and the rate of biodegradation were measured by InfraRed (IR) spectroscopy. Results: In this study, three bacterias: Pseudomonas putida, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus mirabilis were isolated and identified as kerosene degrading bacterias from activated sludge. P. putida was recognized as the most powerful degrading bacterium of this oil product according to the emulsification tests, measuring the growth of bacteria in various concentrations of kerosene, the results of bioaugmentation of contaminated column of soil with kerosene, and reducing the level of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs). This bacterium with emulsification rate of 3.8 could reduce 71.03% of TPHs within 30 days. Conclusion: According to the adaption of Pseudomonas putida, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus mirabilis in activated sludge with variety of pollutants in sewage, they can be used as non-indigenous bacteria for bioaugmentation and cleaning up the soil contaminated petroleum hydrocarbons.

Introduction: Volatile organic compounds such as xylene, which are the main constituents of the oil and petrochemical industries, have serious impacts on health and can cause adverse effects on the environment. It is clear that release of these compounds into the environment should be controlled. The two-phases partitioning stirred tank bio-reactor is one of the newest methods for treating these compounds which have few side-effects besides of having appropriate efficiency since itdestroyscontaminant completely and transform it tosafer compounds. .Material and Method: In this study, a two phase partitioning stirred tank bio-reactor, in lab scale, was used for treating the gas stream containing xylene vapors. The aqueous phase containing the bacteria Pseudomonas putida and nutrients inserted into the bioreactor with 3:1 ratio and system performance was evaluated for 432 hours in the concentration range of 1000 mg/m3 to 3500 mg/m3 .Result: Empirical findings of this study showed that the maximum, minimum and average of removal of xylene vapors by stirred two phase bioreactor containing a pure strain of Pseudomonas putida were 94.00, 54.00 and 84.94 percent, respectively.Furthermore, maximum, minimum and average of elimination capacity of xylene were obtained 93.00,24.00 and 62.02 g/m3/h, respectively . Conclusion: Overall, the results of the present research revealed that the application of two phase stirred tank bioreactors (TPPBs) containing pure strains of Pseudomonas putida was successful for treatment of air streams with xylene.

The present study deals with degradation of phenol in industrial wastewater using Pseudomonas putida. Biodegradation process at various initial phenol concentrations ranging from 50 to 200 mg/l was evaluated at different conditions. Phenol removal as single source of carbon at initial phenol concentration of 200 mg/l took place within 22 days. Phenol/ glucose mixture used as dual system to improve phenol degradation. The presence of glucose as supplementary substrate degraded phenol at initial concentration of 200 mg/l within 19 days. Acclimated Pseudomonas putida was able to degrade phenol at initial phenol concentration of 200 mg/l within 15 days. It was also revealed that phenol degradation using acclimated Pseudomonas putida immobilized on chitosan was carried out at the shortest period of time in contrast to the other conditions. The obtained results represented that microorganism was able to consume phenol as a substrate.

Introduction: There are different methods for controlling gaseous pollutants formed from air pollution sources that one of the most economical and efficient of them, is bio-filtration. The purpose of this study is Toluene removal from airstream by using the pure Pseudomonas putida bacteria as a fluidized bed in a two phase partitioning stirred tank bioreactor.Toluene ( Metyle benzene) is one of the aromatic compounds which uses as a chemical solvent.low to moderate concentration of Toluene causes fatigue, dizziness, weakness,unbalance behaviour, memory loss, insomnia, loss of appetite, loss of vision and hearing. .Material and Method: In this experimental study at first, pure Pseudomonas putida in an aqueous phase containing nutrients and trace elements solution was duplicated and accustomed with Toluene. then solution contained microorganisms with 10% silicon oil was entered to bioreactor. The amount of CO2 and pollutant concentrations in the entrance and exhaust of bioreactor containing Pseudomonas putida was studied during 17 days for each variable. .Result: Experimental findings showed that in the 0.06 m3/h and 0.12 m3/h flow rate, the efficiency of bioreactor containing Pseudomonas putida in the concentration ranges of 283 Mg/m3 to 4710 Mg/m3 was at least 97% and 25% respectively. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that in two flow rates of 0.06 m3/h and 0.12 m3/h removal efficiency and mineralization percentage had significant differences .(Pvalue =0.01). .Conclusion: Achieving high efficiencies in pollutants removal was because of the prepared optimum conditions for Pseudomonas putida in the two phase partitioning stirred tank bioreactor with 10% organic phase.

Background and Objectives: Bioaugmentation is a superior technique in bioremediation of contaminated soils with petroleum hydrocarbons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isolated bacteria from activated sludge of Asalouyeh special zone municipal wastewater treatment for bioaugmentation of kerosene-contaminated soils and to study the growth of isolated bacteria in the presence of different concentrations of this product. Materials and Methods: Sampling of activated sludge was carried out from two treatment plants in Asalouyeh zone. Isolation of degrading bacteria was performed by culturing the samples on basal mineral medium. Emulsification test and evaluating the kinetic growth of bacteria were carried out in different concentrations of kerosene. Isolated bacteria were inoculated to polluted soils with kerosene oil compound for bioaugmentation and measuring their bioremediation potentials and the rate of biodegradation were measured by InfraRed (IR) spectroscopy. Results: In this study, three bacterias: Pseudomonas putida, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus mirabilis were isolated and identified as kerosene degrading bacterias from activated sludge. P. putida was recognized as the most powerful degrading bacterium of this oil product according to the emulsification tests, measuring the growth of bacteria in various concentrations of kerosene, the results of bioaugmentation of contaminated column of soil with kerosene, and reducing the level of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs). This bacterium with emulsification rate of 3.8 could reduce 71.03% of TPHs within 30 days. Conclusion: According to the adaption of Pseudomonas putida, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus mirabilis in activated sludge with variety of pollutants in sewage, they can be used as non-indigenous bacteria for bioaugmentation and cleaning up the soil contaminated petroleum hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]