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In this project, low-fat composite (wheat-quinoa) cup cake was produced. Plantago major L. gum and water (1.5-7.5, 3-15, 4.5-22.5 and 6 -30%) was used as a fat replacer in levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % in cup- cake. PH, specific gravity, viscosity, moisture, firmness, crust color and overall acceptability were evaluated. PH and b* value were decrease and moisture and a* value were increased by increasing of Barhang gum. The samples containing 1.5 and 3 % gum had the lowest specific gravity and the highest specific volume and L* value. Also, the highest viscosity was indicated in the sample containing 3 % gum. On the other hand, the sample containing 3 % gum had the lowest firmness in 2 hours and 1 week after baking. Finally, the samples containing 1.5 and 3 % gum had the best overall acceptability. Therefore, it can be said that the removal of 50% of oil in cake formulation was performed successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adriamycin (ADR) is an antineoplastic antibiotic against many cancers, including bladder, kidney, and cervix malignancies. Plantago major is a herbaceous plant with many pharmacologic effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antiapoptotic actions. This study was done to assess the possible protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Plantago major in renal toxicity caused by Adriamycin. Methods and Materials: 40 rats divided into 4 groups: 1- control, 2- Adriamycin (5mg/kg), 3- Plantago major extract (600mg/kg) +ADR, 4- Plantago major extract (1200mg/kg) +ADR. The animals received the extract orally for 35 days, and an intravenous injection of Adriamycin was done through the tail vein on the seventh day of the study. At the end of the study, animals were humanely killed, and kidneys were removed to assess oxidative stress and histopathology. Result: The results of this study showed that Adriamycin significantly decreases renal SOD and CAT activities when compared to the control group. However, Plantago major extract, especially at the dose of 1200 mg/kg, significantly increased the activity of these antioxidant enzymes. The percent of kidney tissue damage in the ADR group was also significantly higher than that of the control group, and the extract could significantly improve these morphological changes compared to the ADR group. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the hydro-alcoholic extracts of Plantago Major at doses used in the study could reduce oxidative stress and renal tissue damage caused by Adriamycin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Diabetes type 1 is caused by the lack of secretion of insulin. In this study, the effect of Plantago major on the serum level of insulin and glucose, and restorative effect of extract on pancreas tissue, and nephropathic effects of diabetes were studied. Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into three groups. The first group (healthy control) that was received normal saline, and other two group were diabetized by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. One group of diabetic mice received P. major leaf extract 100mg/kg/bw as intraperitoneal injection four 6 weeks and the third group was considered as diabetic control. After the treatment period, taking blood was performed and serum levels of glucose, insulin, creatinine, and BUN were measured. After preparation of tissue sections, H&E and PAS stainings were respectively done for pancreas and kidney. Histological studies were performed with an optical microscope. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukeychr('39')s post hoc tests. Results: In this study, P. major leaf extract significantly decreased the serum levels of glucose, BUN, creatinine and significantly increased the serum level of insulin compared to diabetic group (p

Background & Objectives: Free radicals are highly reactive molecules may cause great damage to cell membranes and DNA and Result in inducing oxidation DNA mutations leading to cancer, degenerative, and other diseases. Plant antioxidant derived may be preventive of free radical damages. Methods & Materials: The Stems and flower sample of plants air-dried, finely ground and were extracted by ethanol: water (70:30) for 48 h. Extracts were filtered and dried under vacuum. The antioxidant activity of five ethanolic extract of medicinal plants (Descurainia Sophia, Plantago major, Trachyspermum copticum L, Coriandrum sativum and Trigonella foenum-graecum) from Iran were analysed by five different methods [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2,azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation, Ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), phosphomolybdenum (PMB) and reducing power (RP)]. In addition, for determination of antioxidant components total phenolic content was also analyzed. Results: The total phenolic content of medicinal plant ranges from 74 to 154.3 mg Gallic acid/g extract as measured by the Folin–Ciocalteau method. Values of DPPH varied from 15.5 to 19.6 µmol trolex/g. FRAP ranged from 124.2 to 753 µmol of Fe(II)/g extract. Antioxidant activity of the Plantago major was always higher compared to the other plants extracts values of total phenols content and antioxidant capacity by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, (154.33 mg GAE/g, 1856 µmol trolox, 750 µmol trolox and 1169 µmol of Fe(II)/g, extract respectively). The range of total antioxidant activity by phosphomolybdenum method was 513.3 to 870 µmol trolox/g. The reducing ability of the tested extracts was between 0.31-1.26. Plantago majorwas also highest activity in both tests. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrated that Plantago major crude extract exhibit significant antioxidant activity.

Background and purpose: Pharmaceutical aspects of mucoadhesion have been the subject of great interest during recent years because it provides the possibility of avoiding either destruction by gastrointestinal contents or hepatic first-pass inactivation of drug. In this study, polysaccharide mucilage derived from the seeds of Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae family) was investigated for use in matrix formulations containing propranolol hydrochloride. Materials and methods: An experimental study was performed in which the mixture of Plantago major seeds in 0.1 N HCl was macerated on a heater and was filtered through a cotton cloth. The mucilage was precipitated by ethanol. Then several ratios of the drug-mucilage and drug-mucilage-polymer were prepared. The polymer selected for comparison was HMPCK4M. Drug release, swelling, erosion, hardness, and bioadhesion were evaluated. Results: Maximum bioadhesive strength was observed with F1 and the lowest bioadhesive strength was seen with F6. The results also showed that bioadhesive force decreased with increase in the amount of mucilage. As the amount of mucilage increased initial drug release as well as drug release in the later hours was increased. The lowest and the highest release rate was observed in F1 and F7 with highest amount of polymer and mucilage (70 mg), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]