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Background. The value of services in healthcare institutions such as hospitals is created by leveraging the knowledge, skills, and experiences of their healthcare staff. Therefore, knowledge transfer is necessary to empower the employees in the hospital. Since few studies have explored the impact of knowledge transfer on the empowerment of hospital employees, this study aimed to investigate the impact of knowledge transfer and its components on employees' empowerment in Qazvin teaching hospitals. Methods. In this descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study, 330 teaching hospital staff members of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences were investigated between February 2020 and May 2020. The required data were collected using the Knowledge Transfer Questionnaire (De-Castro, et al., 2008) and the Empowerment Questionnaire (Spreitzer, 1992). The data were analyzed using the correlation method and structural equation analysis (SEM) as well as using SPSS-22 and AMOS software. Results. There was a direct relationship between the dimensions of knowledge transfer and personnel empowerment, and all examined dimensions were above average. Moreover, the dimensions of knowledge transfer also had a significant impact on personnel empowerment. Regarding the fit of the model, the values of GFI, CFI, and NFI indices were obtained above 0.90. In addition, the RMSEA index was 0.074, which indicated the good fit of the model. Conclusion. In summary, the staff's empowerment level was enhanced through the knowledge transfer. Therefore, it was recommended that the hospital managers should improve the level of workers' empowerment by implementing effective strategies, such as providing training courses for the employees.

Background: Surgical anxiety and pain are common complaints of hospitalized children, which can have devastating effects on the child's recovery process.Aim: The present study was performed aimed to investigate the effect of one session of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on anxiety and pain of hospitalized children after appendectomy.Method: This clinical trial study was performed on 46 children hospitalized in the hospital affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from December 2019 to February 2020. The subjects aged 12 to 16 years who underwent appendectomy and were randomly placed in two groups. The trait anxiety and demographic characteristics were assessed before the surgery. Six hours after the surgery, the intervention group received one session of EMDR along with the routine treatment, and the control group only received the routine treatment. State anxiety and pain were assessed in the two groups before, immediately and one hour after the intervention. P

Background: The demand for home care services has increased not only due to the increase in the elderly population but also due to consumer preference and technological advances that allow for the provision of sophisticated home care. Home healthcare services aim to help people improve their performance, live a more independent life, improve their well-being, and help them stay at home, and avoid hospitalization. Objective: This study was conducted to compare the quality of life (QoL) of COVID-19 patients under home care at a hospital in Qazvin City, Iran. Methods: his study was a cohort study. The samples included two groups of patients, hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 and patients with COVID-19 who received medical and nursing care at home. Patients were matched for age, underlying disease, and severity of the COVID-19 disease. In this study, a 3-month follow-up on changes in QoL compared to before hospitalization and receiving care at home was performed using a QoL questionnaire (SF-12). Findings: The mean score of QoL in the home care group was 32.36±2.15 and in the hospitalized group, it was 29.70±2.94, which shows a statistically significant difference, and the quality of home care patients reported to be higher than hospitalized patients (P

Introduction: Health workers, especially nurses, are facing a high risk of contracting the COVID-19 and consequent mental disorders such as stress, anxiety and depression. We aimed to study the relationship between anxiety, stress and the protective behavior of nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on nurses working in COVID -19 referral hospitals in Qazvin, Iran, in 2020. Out of 645 nurses working in two hospitals, 260 of them were selected randomly. Three questionnaires including demographic and contextual information, COVID-19 anxiety, stress and precautionary behaviors against COVID-19 were used. Descriptive statistical methods, Pearson correlation, t-test and one-way analysis of variance and binary logistic regression analysis were applied at 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in nurses was 32.08%, the mean score of protective behavior was 18.45+5.66 and the maximum score was 22.06+4.7. The negative relationship between anxiety and nurses precautionary behavior) β=-0.36, P

Introduction: Recognizing the personality traits of employees and examining the role of these traits in motivating people’s safety can greatly lead to the formation of safe behavior of employees. Considering the significant importance of reducing adverse events and developing safe behaviors, the present study aimed to investigate the role of nurses’ personality traits in their safety behaviors with the mediating role of safety motivation during 2019-2020. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study conducted among nurses working in educational hospitals affiliated by Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, from which 435 individuals were selected by multi-stage proportional sampling method. Data were collected using McCray and Costa Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire, Saleh Motivation Questionnaire (2010) and Safe Behavior Questionnaire (2016) and analyzed by SPSS software version 26 and AMOS software version 23. Results: The path coefficients between nurses’ personality traits and their safety motivation (0.557) and safety motivation with safe behavior of individuals (0.267) were statistically significant (p

Background and Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the status of performance indicators in hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences before and after the implementation of the transformation plan. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed longitudinally based on hospital data. The data collection tool was a checklist including general characteristics of hospitals and performance indicators. Data analysis was performed using Interrupted time series analysis (ITS) and Statistical software for data science (STATA) v.15. Chow test was used to determine the structural fractures in the studied time series. Results: Hospitals’ performance indicators were examined. In the first month after the intervention, bed rotation increased significantly by 1.148 (P0.005). The length of stay after the intervention increased by 0.170 per month. In the first month after the intervention, the decrease in bed occupancy percentage was 41% (P=0.005) which is significant. The trend of bed occupancy percentage after the intervention was more than 2% per month (P

Background and Aim: Nowadays, patient safety culture is recognized as an important issue in providing high quality services for the patients around the world. Unsafe care and services can lead to mortality, disability, prolonged hospitalization and increased costs of treatment. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the errors associated with the labels of pathology samples in Qazvin hospitals. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on the basis of a census sampling and included samples obtained from the operating rooms of five educational hospitals in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2018. A standard checklist was used to collect information. Our professors and pathologists determined validity and reliability of the checklist by Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. Using SPSS 21 the results were analyzed by statistical indices. Results: Among 1164 biopsy samples, 6425 errors were detected. The highest error rates were related to lack of registration of the patient's age (564 cases; 48.4%), lack of registration of the name of the of the patients' fathers (562 cases; 48.2%), and lack of recording the number of biopsies (558; 47.9%) and the lowest rates of errors included empty container (10 cases; 0.86%), lack of recording the number of specimens (14 cases; 1.2%) and lack of using appropriate fixative (16; 1.37 %) respectively. Conclusion: Regarding the frequency of labeling errors in the pre-analytical phase in the pathology ward, use of bar code imprinted in the sample containers, lack of using paper applications, use of radio frequency chip technology, use of a re-checking system and improvement of communication in the operating rooms can result in reducing these errors.

Introduction: Future research is an interdisciplinary study that can influence all sciences. Students are Future human resources for health systems; whose futures research ability can be improved through education over the years. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between future research ability and quality of learning experiences of medical students of Mashhad in 2018. Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, the research population was all students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 370 of whom were selected through two-stage stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included validity and reliability questionnaires of Parsa et al.'s future research ability and Neumann's quality of learning experiences. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, multiple regression and Spearman correlation tests. Results: Students' future research ability was slightly higher than average (138.5±24.5) and Mean quality of learning experiences was moderate (34.2±7.1). There was a direct and significant correlation between the dimensions of futuristic ability and the dimensions of the quality of learning experiences that the severity of this relationship was weak (p0). Conclusion: Given the weak relationship between students' futuristic skill and the quality of their learning experiences, there are likely to be stronger factors that can predict or enhance students' futuristic skill. Therefore, more studies are recommended to identify the factors affecting it in higher education as a human resources producer to achieve optimal development and future.

Background: Diabetes mellitus has several complications. The Late diagnosis of diabetes in people leads to the spread of complications. Therefore, this study has been done to determine the possibility of predicting diabetes type 2 by using data mining techniques. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study that was conducted as a cross-sectional study. The study population included people referring to health centers in Mohammadieh City in Qazvin Province, Iran, from April to June 2015 for screening for diabetes. The 5-step CRISP method was used to implement this study. Data were collected from March 2015 to June 2015. In this study, 1055 persons with complete information were included in the study. Of these, 159 were healthy and 896 were diabetic. A total of 11 characteristics and risk factors were examined, including the age, sex, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, family history of diabetes, BMI, height, weight, waistline, hip circumference and diagnosis. The results obtained by support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (DT) and the k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN) were compared with each other. Data was analyzed using MATLAB® software, version 3.2 (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA, USA). Results: Data analysis showed that in all criteria, the best results were obtained by decision tree with accuracy (0.96) and precision (0.89). The k-NN methods were followed by accuracy (0.96) and precision (0.83) and support vector machine with accuracy (0.94) and precision (0.85). Also, in this study, decision tree model obtained the highest degree of class accuracy for both diabetes classes and healthy in the analysis of confusion matrix. Conclusion: Based on the results, the decision tree represents the best results in the class of test samples which can be recommended as a model for predicting diabetes type 2 using risk factor data.

Background: Research is one of essential elements for development of each country and is a pioneer and precursor in providing accurate and making decision. Objective: This study evaluated the results of comprehensive health plan projects of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences from 2009 to 2013. Methods:This descriptive-analytical study was performed in four steps. The first two steps included the formation of a leadership team and holding of meetings with representatives of 22 executive authorities of the province. The third step included the compilation of the executive proposals of each organization and fourth step, received final reports and evaluations. In each step, a variety of methods were used for data collection, including reviewing all the documents, expert panel, focused group discussion and stakeholder analysis, Delphi technic and nominating group. Findings: From 43 conducted projects, only 31 projects (72%) were completed by Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. As the results, projects were in the field of policy documents (n=10), regulation (n=1), educational packages (n=4), educational programs (n=5), health index (n=1), models (n=7) and applications (n=18). Conclusion: Some of the defined projects were essential in 2010 and their implementation could solve some of health problems of the province. It seems that implementation joint projects could solve complex and multi-dimensional problems by promoting and applying intersectoral collaboration between health sector and executive authorities of the province.

Background and Aim: Nurses’ main tasks include the provision of healthcare services at the highest levels of quality and quantity standards, and based on the findings of scientific research. The aim of the present study is to identify and determine the barriers of evidence-based practice among nurses of Qazvin hospitals, in Iran, at 2013. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional research was a descriptive- analytic study conducted among 260 nurses practicing in six hospitals of Qazvin in 2013. The barriers scale questionnaire developed by Funk, et al. was used to examine the four dimensions of evidence-based practice (EBP) barriers including adopter, organization, innovation and communication characteristics. To analyze the data, descriptive and analytic statistics were used. Results: The mean score of EBP barriers among subjects was 3.07 out of 4. Among the barriers, "organization" and "adopter" dimensions had the highest and lowest mean scores, respectively. There was no significant statistical relationship between gender and EBP performance, But a significant relationship was observed between organizational dimension with age, employment type and work experience. Conclusion: Since “organization” was found to be the main barrier to the use of research in nursing performance, policy-makers and administrators should pay attention to the use of research in performance, the establishment of a research culture in organization, the creation of appropriate infrastructures, and the allocation of sufficient time to the nursing personnel to have access to evidences.

Objective (s): Medical tourism is quickly emerging as a symbol of global trade in health care. The aim of the study was to assess Qazvin’s hospitals preparedness in attracting medical tourists based on JCI patient-oriented standards. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in seven hospitals of Qazvin in 2012. The patient-oriented checklist of JCI standards was used to collect data. Results: The results showed that among 7 standards, maximum score was belonged to Anesthesia and Surgical Care (77.5%) and minimum score was belonged to Patient and Family Education standard (52.5%). Finally, The Rahimian hospital acquired maximum score (85.4%) and the Kosar hospital acquired minimum score (5). Conclusion: The hospitals in Qazvin showed a relative preparedness in medical tourists. Standards in private hospitals were more acceptable than state teaching hospitals.

Background and Aim: Purchasing hospital equipment is one of the most important decisions made by managers and health professionals. Gray systems theory is an approach to deal with issues under uncertainty conditions where decision makers are facing a small number of unspecified data. The purpose of this paper is to apply the gray theory for the purchase of anesthesia machine . Materials and Methods: This study was a survey in which mathematical analysis was used. Data collection devices included documents, interviews and questionnaires. In order to solve multiple criteria decision making in uncertain conditions, a model based on gray system theory was used. Data analysis was performed using Excel software. Results: The findings show that among anesthetic equipment bought by public and private hospitals, brand A is superior to other brands. However, the gray possibility degree for the other brands is significantly different from brand A. Conclusion: In addition to helping to purchase anesthetic equipment for hospitals, the results of this study are also useful for companies manufacturing medical equipment to evaluate their situation in terms of the studied criteria and take appropriate measures to develop their strengths and improve their weaknesses.

Background and Aim: The Effectiveness and success of an organization depends on two factors; one is the employees’ Performances and the other is the level of understanding between managers and employees in prioritize of different job motivators. The aim of this study was to determine factors that affect staffs’ performances in Qazvin teaching hospitals based on the Herzberg’s theory. Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive study. To achieve the main aim of this study, one hundred and ten employees were selected through a multi- stage sampling method .In this study, for data collection a self-report questionnaire was used. The five-point Likert scale was used to determine the degree of importance of any hygiene and multinational's factors affecting the performance of the employees. Results: Among hygiene factors, the prevailing place was for Job security with an average 4/39 and then followed by a suitable salary with an average 4/38 of 5 scores. Among multinational's factors, job responsibility with an average 4/38 and job interest with an average 4/38 were placed as the most important factors in employees’ performance. %70/8 employees mentioned that two factors of suitable salary and job security are the most important obstacle for improvement of employee’s performance. Conclusion : The data of this study reveals that, Attention and Planning in providing proper salary and job security as hygiene factors and sense of responsibility and success as motivational factors, may play a more effective role in improving employees’ performance than any other factors.

Background and Aim: Family physician is the core in the world efforts for quality improvement, cost effectiveness, and equity in the health care systems. The main purpose of this present study was to investigate situation of the family physician program and identify referral route in this program in six pilot cities in Khuzestan province . Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2011. Pre-designed checklists were used for collecting data. In this study, 15 healthcare team in six pilot cities for family physician program in Khuzestan province were examined and their specified referral levels for each city was investigated and compared with the national instruction to identify current gaps. Results: The least number of staff belonged to nutrition, nurses and physicions respectively. In the second referral level cities, Specialists did not welcome the program . In Mahshar, a second level city, five specialists have been registered to family physician program. In the third level, 28/5 percent of specialist were enrolled in this program. Conclusion : It seems that it is necessary to facilitate patient access to physicians under contract with family physician program and referral system in second and third levels. Therefore, establishing a motivation system for attracting specialist and improving their maintenance situation can also be beneficial.

Background and Aim: In many countries, hospitals have triple ownership (governmental or public, for-profit, and not-for-profit). Numerous studies have been performed in order to investigate the differences among these hospitals in accordance to expenditures, presentation of uncompensated therapeutic services, number of outgoing patients and other measurement devices of hospital performance. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of ownership on total Factors Productivity changes in Qazvin`s selected hospitals. Materials and Methods: Descriptive-analytic study was conducted in three periods of time from 2005 to 2007 in 8 selected hospitals of Qazvin. Inclusion criteria included the active beds and the value of intermediate consumptions in hospitals.The exclusion criteria included the total number of inpatient and surgical operations. Data collection tool, was researcher-designed checklist. Data were analyzed using DEAP 2/1 software and ANOVA, HSD and TUKEY tests. Results: There was a significant difference between the mean productivity of three hospital groups due to the existence of various ownership(p=%012), Also a significant difference was observed between the mean of technological efficiency of the three groups of hospitals(p=%006), No significant differences was found between the mean of technical efficiency of the three groups of hospitals(p=%23). Conclusion: Cause of the variation in total factor productivity in private hospitals, is due to their suitable production technology which is always improved. But in respect to their efficiency promotion and optimization of production and products, there was no distinguishing difference with other hospitals.

Background and Aim: The Effectiveness and success of an organization depends on two factors; one is the employees’ Performances and the other is the level of understanding between managers and employees in prioritize of different job motivators. The aim of this study was to determine factors that affect staffs’ performances in Qazvin teaching hospitals based on the Herzberg’s theory. Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive study. To achieve the main aim of this study, one hundred and ten employees were selected through a multi- stage sampling method .In this study, for data collection a self-report questionnaire was used. The five-point Likert scale was used to determine the degree of importance of any hygiene and multinational's factors affecting the performance of the employees. Results: Among hygiene factors, the prevailing place was for Job security with an average 4/39 and then followed by a suitable salary with an average 4/38 of 5 scores. Among multinational's factors, job responsibility with an average 4/38 and job interest with an average 4/38 were placed as the most important factors in employees’ performance. %70/8 employees mentioned that two factors of suitable salary and job security are the most important obstacle for improvement of employee’s performance. Conclusion: The data of this study reveals that, Attention and Planning in providing proper salary and job security as hygiene factors and sense of responsibility and success as motivational factors, may play a more effective role in improving employees’ performance than any other factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]