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Background : Pregnant women with high level of anxiety are likely to give birth to babies who are irritable, restless, have sleep disorders and low birth weight. Objective : To determine the relation of psychosocial status of women during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. Design : This was a comparative study. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Samples : 360 subject nuliparas to multiparas 4, were selected through consequative sampling, 180 in each group (appropriate and inappropriate psycholocial status). Results : There was a relation between psychosocial status of mothers and LBW (p=0.005), IUGR (p=0.028) and preterm labor (p=0.000). Conclusion : Emotional support by family and health care providers should be targeted at women with poor psychosocial status during pregnancy in order to decrease their emotional distress and to enhance their self- esteen and self- confidence.

Background and Objective: Genu varum is one of the most common knee deformities, which can cause changes in the forces of the body and the way the muscles of the lower limbs function due to changes in the mechanical axis of lower limb. The aim of this study was to investigate ground reaction forces and electromyography muscle activity of lower extremity during the stance phase of walking in subjects with and without genu varum deformity. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study conducted in Kharazmi University in 2017, 30 active men were categorized into two groups of genu varum (n=15) and normal (n=15) based on their knee posture. The participants’ age ranged from 20 to 25 years. Using force plate and electromyography, respectively, ground reaction force and muscle activity were calculated. The data were analyzed utilizing independent samples t-test for between-group differences. Results: The findings indicated that the depth force of vertical ground reaction force in the normal group had significantly higher value compared to the genu varum group (p=0.018). Also, gluteus medius muscle during the loading response phase of walking in the active male with genu varum had significantly higher levels of activity than the control group (p=0.031). Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it seems that mechanical deviation due to the deformity of the genu varum causes some changes in the ground reaction forces and the performance of the lower limb muscles during walking. The findings point to the need to pay attention to these factors in people with genu varum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nowadays, the plant of Daphne family (Thymelaeacea is used against microorganisms and cancerous cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two Daphne species and purified betulin and betulinic acid on K562 genome and the cell cycle. Materials and methods: This Study was conducted in a complementary randomized design with three replications. 106 K562 cells were treated with Daphne mucronata, Daphne oleides, betulin and betulinic acid for 24 hours. Then, cells were fixed in 70% ethanol and were stained with pripidium iodide 30 min before analysis by flow cytometery. To extract the DNA of cancer cells Miller saline method with little change was used. Data were analyzed with SPSS. version 16 by ANOVA and Dunnett. Results: Percentage of cancer cells that were treated with Daphne mucronata (59.11±1.16%), Daphne oleides (58.25±1.03%), betulin (51.68±0.43%), and betulinic acid (52.05±0.31%) increased in the G0/G1 phase compared to the control (42.94±0.23%). While most percentage the control cells (51.06±0.16%) were present in S phaseElectrophoresis of genomic DNA of K562 cell lines revealed band boarding and smearing under the effect of plant material. However, a clear sharp band of DNA was seen in control samples. The lowest and highest smeared band was observed in treated cells with Betulin and Daphne mucronata, respectively. Conclusion: Data showed that materials and compounds of Daphne, block cells in G1 phase and will cause damage to DNA. In fact, these results indicate that there are several effective factors in two species Daphne extract which damage DNA integrity and inhibit cell transfer from control point and can facilitate cell death at higher concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Thalassemia disease is a public health problem with a large part of the annual country budget allocated. However, effective training methods can play an important role in increasing awareness and preventing thalassemia new births. This study focuses on two educational films and pamphlets and their impact on the knowledge and attitude of female students in Garmeh and Jajarm cities. Materials and Methods In this experimental study conducted in 2011, 489 people participated. The participants were classified to three groups by multistage sampling method; one group was exposed to the pamphlet; the second group to the film, and the third was considered the control. Then, their knowledge and attitude prior and after the interventions were evaluated and compared thorugh validated and reliable questionnaires. Finally, SPSS 16, paired t-test, and variance analysis were used for data analysis. Results Before the interventions, the three groups had no significant differences in the level of awareness but they were different after exposure (p < 0.05). The exposed groups showed a higher level of awareness and attitude after the exposure. Conclusions Given the effectiveness of such films and pamphlets, their application to increase the awareness of students is recommended to teachers and the decision makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Metabolic acidosis is one of the most important diseases that affects nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential variations in sensory pain threshold in children born to mothers with metabolic acidosis compared with children born to healthy mothers. Methods: In this experimental study, 50 healthy female rats were randomly divided into five equal groups; control with no treatment, control with minimum dose, control with moderate dose, acidosis with minimum dose, and acidosis with moderate dose. To induce acidosis, ammonium chloride was used instead of drinking water. Also, sodium chloride was administered for control groups. All animals were conceived by natural mating. 20 days prior to and till the completion of pregnancy, the rats received the solutions. For the groups with minimum and moderate doses, the solutions of interest at respectively 0.15 and 0.3 mol were used. Tests of the pain due to formalin were conducted on adult male children. Pain score were registered in three acute, interphase, and chronic stages and compared. For intergroup statistical analysis of the data, one-way ANOVA and Turkey's post hoc test were used at significance level of P≤0.05. Normality and homogeneity of pain variance were investigated and compared in the groups. So, the conditions of running parametric tests applied. Results: Results indicated a significant increase in pain in acute and chronic stages of formalin test in male children born to acidosis mothers (P≤0.05). Pain scores were not significantly different between acidosis and control groups in interphase stage (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Results indicated that the effects by metabolic acidosis caused decrease in sensory pain threshold in the children born to metabolic acidosis mothers and increase in their pain. Therefore, through preventing development of metabolic acidosis, decrease in sensory pain threshold could be prevented in their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's of community participation are useful in different of activities in rural development. One of the good strategies to apply to participate in women, are cooperative companies of rural of women. to create this Institutes useful in socio-economic and cultural status. The purpose of this study was to improve the role company's women of rural cooperative in economic and social rural members is a case study in South Khorasan Province. Study now of based purpose of applied research, and based on the nature and method of descriptive - analytic study. For gathering information from two method documents based on library research and field method is used based both interviews and questionnaires. Using stratified sampling, sample volume proportional were selected to the number of 243 members And the one-sided t-test was used for variables. The results Study indicated that membership in cooperative companies of rural of women in social and economic status members, have a positive impact, and the one-sided t-test was used for variables. The results of t test, rather than the 0.05 and the shows absence of significant. Also based results, 70percent minimum of the members of cooperative of companies, social and economic situation of the various indicators, next the members in of cooperative of companies or unchanged or worsened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Regard with the importance of balance in daily activities especially in sport activities and understanding the important factor affecting it, the purpose of this study was to compare the role of vision system on dynamic postural stability of young women with men elite athletes. Materials and Methods: Twenty six young women and men elite swimmer were chosen from the available society. They were divided in two groups according to body mass index. Each subject performed postural stability tests for 6 trials with open and close eyes (3 trials with open and 3 trial with close eyes) that each trial was taken for 30 seconds and with 10 seconds rest between each of them. Balance index in anterior- posterior and medial- lateral directions were calculated and independent t test was used to compare between groups. Result: Results show that men swimmer are more depended to vision than women swimmer in maintaining retrieval postural stability (p= 0.001), while most impairment in maintaining postural stability in both groups occur in lack of vision status in anterior- posterior direction (p= 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used to design training programs to prepare athletes. Key words: balance, vision, athlete, control [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: With regard to importance of the role of balance in performance of daily activity especially in exercise activity and necessary to identify the factors that influence the balance, the purpose of this study was to survey the effect of lower limb muscle fatigue on balance in elite young athletes. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 15 young elite swimmers with a mean age and body mass index 17±0.7 and 21.62±0.5 during the two test phase, were studied. All participants performed the postural Stability and limit of stability tests in six for each test (three repetitions before and three repetitions after fatigue protocol by Wingate test)on the balance Biodex system. Values obtained by the system of the total, anterior - posterior, medial - lateral, anterior, anterior - right, anterior- left, posterior, posterior - right and posterior left index, were analyzed using paired sample t-test(P≤0.05). Results: Results showed that fatigue caused a significantly influence the anterior - posterior, medial - lateral, posterior, left and posterior -- left index. Conclusion: With considering the specificity of training principle, the results can be helpful in the design of exercises involving the lower limb muscles in the specific direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]