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Introduction: One of the ways to modify education is to design clinical education courses based on advanced learning models with systemic collaboration of programmed spheres of practice variables. Nurses and academic members in nursing and medical schools play a key role in professional and personal promotion of nursing students. This study adopted synergy model to determine and assess patients' and nurses' characteristics. Methods: This is an action research. Synergy model was performed for 12 MSc nursing students (term two in CCU and Cardiac surgery ICU) selected by convenient sampling. The study was carried out in CCU of Nour and Cardiac surgery ICU and Cardiac surgery ward of Shahid Chamran hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in the second semesters of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. The data were collected by patients' nurses' characteristics questionnaire and levelizing them using synergy model with confirmed validity and reliability. The judgment in this study was based on mean score. Results: Mean score of levelizing of nursing students' characteristics made by instructors and nurses showed that mean score in students' function scale in clinical judgment was 3 (average), in advocacy and moral agency 1 (the lowest), in caring practices 3(average) in interdisciplinary collaboration 3, in systematic thinking 3 (average), in response to diversity 1 (the lowest), in facilitation of learning 3 (average) and in clinical inquiry 1 (the lowest)respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed the need to promote mutual cooperation between nursing and medical schools and hospitals in education of nursing students and to promote care for clients and their families in a systematic planning framework. Synergy model is a functional approach for planned education and its development so that the students can acquire the ability to response to patients' and their families' needs in form of a learning system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the relation between fat distribution in subcutaneous and visceral area with other variables in patients suffered for stable angina. Methods: This cross sectional study was done on 40-60 years patients with stable angina. CT scan was determined subcutaneous (deep and superficial) and visceral fat. Body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure measurement were calculated by standard protocols. Sugar, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, Leptin and apolipoproteins A and B were recorded. Data was entered in SPSS15 and analyzed by Student-t and correlation test. Finding: Sixty-six men and 88 women were studied. The mean of BMI, apo A, Leptin, lipids variables were significantly different in two sexes. Total variable fat accumulation in women was greater than men (P < 0.05). The correlation was significant between weight, BMI, WC and Leptin level in both sexes. Conclusion: Relation of fat distributions and other risk factors was different in both sexes, but BMI and WC had significant correlation with CT scan variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Excessive body fat is associated with increasing risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Some fat cell mediators such as adiponectin and leptin have been recognized as possible new IHD risk factors. We assessed the association of fat cell's size and number, serum leptin and adiponectin with IHD. Methods: The study was designed as a "case control" study in 40 to 60 years old patients with ischemic heart disease symptoms underwent coronary angiography. The cases had significant stenosis in coronary angiography. The control subjects had normal angiography. Serum lipid levels, adiponectin, leptin, and insulin were examined in all cases and controls by Enzymayic method. The biopsies from abdominal and gluteal fat tissue regions were fixed and stained using the Hematoxilin-eosin method. Slides were photographed with a microscopic digital camera. Fat cell's size and number were assessed using Image tool V3 software. Data were analyzed with SPSS software. Findings: There were no significant difference between cases and controls in fat cell's size and number, serum leptin and adiponectin. However, serum leptin was correlated not only to waist circumference (r = 0.31, P = 0.036), but also to body mass index (r = 0.32, P = 0.033). Conclusion: Although Leptin and adiponectin are correlated with obesity and are introduced as IHD risk factors; they showed no association with ischemic heart disease in our study. More investigation is required to confirm this relationship in the Iranian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Vascular inflammation is the noticeable risk factors of ischemic heart disease. In this study the relation between intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM) as inflammation indicator with extent of coronary involvement were evaluated. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 82 patients with stable angina who candidates for angiography were studied. Those with acute coronary syndrome, and recent surgery, inflammatory disease, some drug consumption, kidney and liver disease, Phlebitis and PTE are excluding from study. Then blood sampling for biochemical VCAM and ICAM analysis were drawn. After it, coronary angiography was done via standard method. Findings: Mean ages of the patients were 58.4 ± 10.1 year old with 72% male. The mean of ICAM and VCAM were 183.9 ± 78 and 150.3 ± 136 ng/dl, respectively. There isn't any correlation between VCAM and ICAM and the severity of coronary artery disease. In linear regression analysis even with considering of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes as cofounders, there was not any relation between these factors and CAD. Conclusion: According to our findings, inflammatory markers (VCAM and ICAM) didn't add any further information about extent of CAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myocardial Infarction is a common and lethal disease, especially in first hours. Rapid and correct decision is essential for priority of advance therapies and this study follows the accuracy of a scoring system for this triage. The aim was to assess the correlation of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk score and Angio score in patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 240 patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction from CCU of universal hospitals participated in the study. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score was calculated and during 2 month they underwent angiography and follow up. Findings: Mean age was 60.02 and 79 patients were female. Correlation between thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk and angio score was significant (P < 0.001). Correlation between ejection fraction and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score (P < 0.001) and angio score with age (P < 0.001) was significant too. There was no significant correlation between Angio score and recurrent angina (P = 0.143), rehospitalization (P = 0.524) and death (P = 0.179). Pearson's correlation showed significant relation between thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score and angio score (P < 0.001, r = 0.556). Conclusion: This correlation shows that thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score probably can be used for evaluating angiographic extent of coronary artery disease. Simple clinical use of this score at bedside if confirms with a prospective cohort study, makes this score a method to stratify patients in high and low risk groups and accordingly diagnostic- therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]