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Introduction: Sperm cryopreservation is a highly effective technique utilized in reproductive procedures, particularly in artificial insemination, as it enables the transfer of superior genes to the subsequent generation of animals. However, the exposure of sperm cells to low temperatures during the freezing process can have detrimental effects on their integrity, morphology, and viability (Gangwar et al., 2020). To counteract these negative impacts, cryoprotectants are added to the sperm extender. The primary purpose of incorporating cryoprotectants is to fulfill the energy requirements of the sperm, shield them from the adverse consequences of temperature fluctuations, mitigate the physical and chemical stresses associated with cooling, freezing, and thawing, and create an environment conducive to enhancing sperm survival (Barbas and Mascarenhas, 2009). In recent years, plant-based extenders have emerged as a viable alternative to animal-based extenders for semen preservation in various species. Coconut milk, in particular, has garnered attention due to its rich composition of fatty acids (including polyunsaturated fatty acids), amino acids, sugars, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. These components not only provide essential nutrients for maintaining cell function but also serve as a suitable medium for sperm extension and culture (dos Reis et al., 2023; Vasconcelos et al., 2009; Yong et al., 2009). Consequently, this research aims to explore the impact of coconut milk on the quality of ram sperm following cryopreservation.Materials and Methods: Twice a week, semen samples were obtained from five Lori-Bakhtiari rams using an artificial vagina. The collected semen from these five rams was then combined and divided into six different treatments. These treatments consisted of five variations with varying levels of coconut milk (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) and one treatment with egg yolk (15%). Various parameters such as sperm velocity, membrane integrity and activity, morphology, lipid peroxidation rate, and sperm DNA fragmentation were assessed both before and after the process of cryopreservation. The obtained data was subsequently analyzed using the SAS statistical software.Results and Discussion: Prior to cryopreservation, the results indicated that, with the exception of the BCF parameter, there were no disparities in the various aspects of sperm kinetics, viability, functionality, and morphology. However, a notable decline in sperm motility parameters was observed after thawing across all treatments. This detrimental impact following the freezing process was more pronounced (P

Background and Aim: Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most common human cancers. Many genes have been analyzed in an attempt to better understand the process of gastric carcinogenesis, however, the underlying mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis is still poorly understood. Dermatopontin (DPT) is an extracellular matrix protein, which regulates multiple physiological processes. The present study aimed to evaluate DPT gene expression in GC. Materials and Methods: Biopsies of 50 surgically-excised GC tissue specimens and corresponding adjacent normal tissues were examined by real-time PCR. Then, using a bioinformatics analysis we determined DPT gene expression in two different cohorts of GC patients. To determine the effect of DPT expression levels on survival outcome, a Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed. For a comprehensive analysis, DPT gene expression was evaluated in 16 different cancers. Results: RT-PCR demonstrated that DPT gene expression was decreased in gastric cancer tissues, compared to that in the normal stomach tissues. Mean DPT expression value was significantly lower in different stages of GC. Further, survival analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of DPT is positively correlated with overall survival of GC patients. A relationship was found between DPT expression and primary size of tumor. Pan-cancer analysis in 16 tumor types showed that DPT expression was lower in tumor tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the decrease in DPT gene expression in gastric tissue may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis.

Background & Aims With the emergence of COVID-19, health literacy became more important for its prevention. Health literacy is important for attaining positive health outcomes in women. This study aims to investigate the relationship between health literacy and knowledge, attitude and practice regarding preventive behaviors against COVID-19 in women referring to comprehensive health service centers in Zahedan, Iran. Materials & Methods This descriptive-correlational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 144 women aged 18-60 years referred to comprehensive health centers in Zahedan, Iran, from September to December 2022. The sampling was done using a multi-stage stratified sampling method based on the entry criteria. To collect data, a sociodemographic form, the knowledge, attitude, practice questionnaire for preventive behaviors against COVID-19, and Savci et al.’s health literacy scale for protection against COVID-19 were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and regression analysis in SPSS software, version 23. Results The mean age of women was 31.74±10.02 years. Most of them had middle school education (64.4%) and were married (90.3%), with a monthly income level of 6-10 million Iranian Tomans (29.9%). Most of them were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccine (81.9%). Only 28.7% had a history of hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection. Their mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 14.9±2.93, 42.9±6.69, and 32±6.1, respectively. Their mean health literacy score was 39.5±11.08. Educational level, monthly income level, and history of receiving COVID-19 vaccine explained 48% of the variance in health literacy in the first-order regression model, and 61% of the variance in the second-order regression model. Conclusion The increase in health literacy, can improve knowledge, attitude and practice of women regarding preventive behaviors against COVID-19. In addition, their health literacy for preventive behaviors against COVID-19 is related to their age and education level. It is recommended to use educational programs to increase health literacy for emerging diseases in women from southern Iran. The results of this study can help policy makers in Iran developing health promotion interventions.

Background. Resistance exercise is a method designed to increase muscle strength and endurance, leading to beneficial physiological changes in various tissues. The aim of this study is to investigate the pathological and structural effects of short-term and long-term resistance training on various tissues of male rats, including cardiac striatum, quadriceps, liver, kidney, and lung tissue. Methods. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: one-month control, four-month control, one-month exercise, and four-month exercise. After the exercise period, the animals were anesthetized and dissected to separate various tissues, which were then treated with formalin and prepared for analysis. Results. The study findings showed that liver tissue did not show significant histopathological changes in response to exercise. However, in the heart tissue, mild hyperemia and hypertrophy of muscle cells were observed in the exercise groups compared to the control groups. In the quadriceps muscle, hypertrophy was observed to a lesser extent in the one-month exercise group and to a greater extent in the four-month exercise group. There was a significant difference in the diameter of the muscle cells of the quadriceps muscle between the one-month and four-month exercise groups, indicating the beneficial effects of long-term exercise. Additionally, an increase in the size of the epithelial tissue of the urinary tubes was observed in both exercise groups, which indicates an increase in kidney function due to exercise. Conclusion. Overall, the results of this study show that resistance exercise can lead to beneficial physiological changes in various tissues, especially with long-term exercise. Understanding these changes can increase our knowledge about the benefits of exercise. Practical Implications. Resistance exercises, through actions such as hyperemia, hypertrophy of muscle cells, and hypertrophy of the epithelial tissue of urinary tubes, improve the efficiency of the heart, kidneys and muscles during sports exercises, especially with long-term exercise.

Abstract The ever-increasing expansion of urbanization has caused an increase in activity density in cities and has created many problems in urban transportation. The development of sustainable types of travel for inner-city traffic, such as cycling, is inevitable to face the factors disturbing the comfort of citizens. On the other hand, the inadequacies in the bicycle path network have decreased this mode of transportation. It is noteworthy that Districts 3 and 1 in Isfahan, located in the historical and valuable center, are pioneers in bicycle path construction. This research seeks to investigate the movement and accessibility in the cycling routes of Districts 3 and 1 of Isfahan City. This is a mixed-method research, collecting the data through documentary analysis and field studies. The authors used the MABAC analytical method for data integration and the final research analysis. The results show that out of a total of 22 cycling routes in Districts 1 and 3 of Isfahan City, Motahari (0.183), Chaharbagh Abbasi (0.174), and Saeb (0.132) are the best cycling routes. On the other hand, Pasdaran (-0.127), Bagh Goldaste (-0.086), and Ayatollah Khorasani (-0.084) have the lowest scores of all. Finally, some suggestions to improve the condition of these routes are presented.Keywords: Assessment, Movement and Accessibility, Cycling Route, MABAC, Districts 1 and 3 of Isfahan City. IntroductionThe expansion of urbanization has caused an increase in population density and activity in cities and has created many problems for urban settlements. One of the most critical challenges in the metropolitan area is transportation. In recent years, planners have welcomed active mobility in the form of walking and cycling as a global strategy. Using active transportation methods in trips reduces traffic and increases the quality and health of the environment; on the other hand, the inadequacies in the network of cycling routes have led to a decrease in the use of this mode of transportation. Movement and accessibility in cycling routes can make cycling a very efficient tool for solving environmental, transportation, and social problems. In our country, in recent years, city managers have been encouraging people to use alternative methods for moving around the city instead of using cars, considering the cycling routes and providing suitable facilities and services. Considering the importance of replacing the transportation modes, in Isfahan, cycling routes with 777 kilometers are being built in 15 Districts. Districts 3 and 1 of Isfahan City (located in the historical, tourist, and commercial center of Isfahan City) are a pioneer in constructing a 12150-meter-long cycling path. In this research, we analyze the cycling routes of districts 3 and 1 of Isfahan regarding movement and accessibility indicators. Materials and MethodsThe current applied research is descriptive-analytical. At first, the data were extracted using documentary and field (observation) studies. Then, the data were analyzed using two quantitative and qualitative methods. Topography analysis, access analysis, and GIS software were used to evaluate the quantitative metrics. Qualitative research metrics were also identified using the analytical tables of possibilities and limitations. Finally, the MABAC method was used to combine research data and the final analysis. Compared to other multi-criteria decision-making methods, this method is considered one of the newest methods to weigh and evaluate the criteria and alternatives. Research FindingsThe results indicate that the measures of the radius of the arc of cycling paths (0.003), the amount of open sight distance (0.006), the amount of stopping sight distance (0.009), and the integration between cycling paths and public transport (0.012) are most useful in cycling routes. On the other hand, the measures of the variety and beauty of the elements, the bicycle parking accessibility, the length of the cycling route, and the placement of the guide signs along the road have the lowest level of desirability among the cycling routes.Regarding cycling routes, Motahari (0.183), Chaharbagh Abbasi (0.174), and Saeb (0.132) routes are the most desirable, respectively. Pasdaran cycling routes (-0.127), Ayatollah Khorasani (-0.084), Bagh Guldasteh (-0.086) and Seyed Alikhan (-0.077), respectively, have the lowest favorability in terms of the determined indicators. Discussion of Results and ConclusionsThere are several reasons for the formation of problems in the cycling routes of Districts 1 and 3 of Isfahan. These reasons include the existing weaknesses of decision-making and policy-making in urban management, environmental and physical limitations, financial limitations, legal limitations, the inadequacy of existing plans, and traffic limitations. The operational proposals presented are prioritized in the order of action priority so that it can be a way to overcome the existing constraints.

Introduction: Lungs are one of the most common sites for metastatic tumors in the body. In addition, primary lung tumors are the most common cause of death due to neoplasms in both genders. Treatment strategies are completely different for primary and metastatic lung tumors making accurate diagnosis of lung tumors an effective factor in planning the correct treatment. The development of personalized medicine and targeted therapy, especially in the treatment of primary lung tumors, has highlighted the importance of correct diagnosis of these tumors. Case report: The Pathology Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital Cancer Institute in Tehran, Iran, as a referral center for cancer across the country, is faced with a large number of lung biopsies, and therefore, there will be numerous diagnostic challenges. In this article, we presented two cases of primary female genital tract (cervical) tumors that during follow up lung masses were detected. Diagnosis on lung biopsy assigned as primary lung adenocarcinoma. Both cases referred to our lab for second opinion accompanied with related resected sample and implementation of further supplementary markers documented metastatic origin of tumors. Discussion & conclusion: In both cases, similarity in immunohistochemical characteristics of metastatic tumors with primary lung adenocarcinoma, especially positive nuclear TTF1 staining led to misdiagnosis of lung tumor origin. This finding emphasizes on the use of other specific markers related to primary site of tumor to decrease possibility of incorrect diagnosis of the origin of the tumor in metastatic setting. Due to remarkable influence of primary versus metastatic origin of lung tumor on selection of treatment, pathologists should be considered correct diagnosis and notice to similarity of immunohistochemical markers of primary lung tumors to other organs and implementation of more specific markers are necessary.

All over the world, translated books make up a significant part of children’s literature. Therefore, studying the linguistic structure and features of these books, and also the factors based on which children, their parents, and Children’s Books Council approve of a book, is essential. One of the most crucial linguistic aspects of children’s books translation is choosing the appropriate set of vocabulary since the translator is supposed to select proper equivalents from kids’ limited vocabulary to facilitate conveying the content and hence, their comprehension of the book. The current research is mainly concerned with how different these word choice methods are through the framework of natural morphology theory as well as how successfully translators have managed to select the proper set of vocabulary using this theory. concerning the aim, this is applied research involving mixed methods. The data were extracted from PLDB. The inferential statistics findings indicated that the principles of natural morphology (iconicity, transparency, binarity, and word length), no significant difference was observed between the words in authored versus translated books, Although, based on descriptive statistics, authored books have a more natural rate in the parameters of iconicity and word length. Thus the results indicate that overall, the translators & authors of children’s books have successfully managed to select the right set of vocabulary.

مقدمه: پژوهش حاضر به بررسی نقش الگوهای روانشناختی و مدت زمان استفاده از گوشی هوشمند و لپ‌تاپ بر گردن درد می‌پردازد.روش‌ کار: جامعه آماری این پژوهش همبستگی شامل کلیه دانشجویان دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال تحصیلی 1401-1400 بود. دویست و چهل و دو دانشجو به روش خوشه ای چند مرحله ای انتخاب شدند. داده ها از طریق پرسشنامه شخصیت NEO (NEO-PI)، مقیاس افسردگی، اضطراب، استرس (DASS-21)، مقیاس گردن درد نوردیک و پرسشنامه محقق ساخته برای بررسی ساعات استفاده از گوشی هوشمند و لپ تاپ جمع آوری شد. اطلاعات و داده ها با استفاده از مدل معادلات ساختاری مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و ابعاد آن (نظیر انعطاف‌پذیری، روان رنجورخویی، درون‌گرایی/برون‌گرایی، وظیفه‌شناسی کاری و توافق‌پذیری)، استرس روان‌شناختی و زیرمقیاس‌های آن (اضطراب، افسردگی و استرس) و مدت زمان استفاده از گوشی هوشمند و لپ تاپ نتوانست تاثیر معنی داری بر گردن درد داشته باشد (P> 0.05) (Power AGFI> 0.90، Power RMSEA> 0.90).نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌ها، الگوهای روان‌شناختی و مدت زمان استفاده از گوشی‌های هوشمند و لپ‌تاپ تأثیر قابل‌توجهی بر گردن درد ندارد و لازم است از ابزار دقیق‌تری برای بررسی گسترده‌تر و عمیق‌تر استفاده شود.

Objective: Users in the library software environment are immersed in a sea of ​​information and searching in this space is time-consuming and confusing for them. By searching for each keyword, the software identifies and displays many resources, and choosing the most appropriate and relevant source to the user's needs is another matter.One of the major problems with library software is the loss of information in the software. Personalizing information and giving advice to users depends on storing data in the library system. For example, in the search section of many library softwares, there is no requirement to enter the users' personal page, and the system performs the search and retrieval of information without identifying the users. Recommending systems are created primarily to offer an option to the user in the search or selection process, thereby helping them to choose a better option. Therefore, the present research aims at providing a model for recommendation systems of information resources in Iranian library software.Methodology: This study, in terms of the purpose, is an applied research. Descriptive survey method was used to evaluate the recommendation status of library software. Moreover, the system design method was utilized to suggest the recommendation pattern in library software. Data were gathered through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with managers and specialists of library software. The data were coded and extracted using the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis software.Findings: Qualitative analysis of the interview results led to the identification of five main categories, 16 sub-categories, and their concepts. The findings showed that in the category of the current strategies of library software for the recommendation, traditional method of recommendation, defining relationship between records, relationship between topics, relationship between words, and defining the search refinement module have been utilized. Moreover, in the category of determining the level of familiarity with the recommender system, three categories of perfect familiarity (17%), brief familiarity (50%) and unfamiliarity (33%) were identified. In terms of the required facilities of the recommender systems, the sub-categories of technical, system, and specialized facilities (customization) were recognized, and its concepts were explained. The challenges of adding a recommender system in two categories of technical and non-technical challenges and their concepts were pointed out. In addition, the benefits of adding a recommender system were explained in three categories, namely the benefits for library members, for librarians, as well as for software companies. Also, the characteristics of the appropriate design pattern of the recommender system of the Iranian library software were identified and suggested.Conclusion: The results of data analysis of interviews with managers and specialists of the Iranian library software companies showed that the companies are moving on the way to take advantage of modern technologies. They have implemented some requirements for the implementation of the recommender system in their software. Currently, the creation and completion of similarities between information resources have been allocated to librarians as their responsibility or designed based on search refinement techniques (like faceted search or clustering), which this section in software has the ability to become a recommender system. The results also showed that familiarity of managers and professionals of the companies with the recommender systems is moderate. Companies are needed to be aware of recommender systems based on the identified challenges and benefits of recommender systems in library software. Additionally, the pattern of recommender systems in the Iranian library software is designed and offered.

Background: Stroke is one of the most important causes of chronic pain. In patients with chronic pain medical therapy with analgesic drugs, anti-epileptic drugs, and serotonin receptor modulators is the first choice. However, for patients who are refractory to the usual medical treatments, different strategies have been proposed to treat these pains. One of these treatments involves the implantation of deep brain electrodes and deep brain stimulation in the thalamus nucleouses. In this article we are reviewing the first case done in Iran. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old male presented with sudden-onset left side hemiparesis and impaired sensation on the left side of the body, eight years ago. He complained of gradually developing pain on the left side of the body, adding to his symptoms. In his examination, he had dysarthria and his left extremities were spastic and their forces were decreased. Despite numerous medical treatments with gabapentin, pregabalin, duloxetine, carbamazepine and the replacement of an intrathecal baclofen pump during the last few years, he didn't respond very well. This goes so far as to induce severe depression symptoms, which disturbed his daily routine and even induced suicidal ideas. Due to the debilitating symptoms which were resistant to medical treatment, the patient underwent deep brain electrode implantation and deep brain stimulation in the ventral posterior lateral/posterior medial nucleuses in April 2023 at Imam Khomeini Hospital. No remarkable adverse effects were observed after implantation. In the patient’s follow-up, he had a significant improvement in pain and some other symptoms. Conclusion: Deep brain stimulation of the thalamus nucleus is a known treatment in patients with Parkinson's disease and dystonia. However, for patients with chronic refractory pain, deep brain stimulation is a controversial therapy and has been introduced recently as an effective alternative treatment. In our patient, who suffers from severe unilateral refractory pain after stroke, a deep brain electrode was implanted and after deep brain stimulation significant improvement in pain was seen.

The right of Pazireh or offering is a new concept that has no history in Iranian law and it is a privilege that is created for a person in the endowment of a property and the extension of its lease. Its nature can be considered as a condition in the lease contract. Its considerations are, on the one hand, the right and authority to create buildings under the subject of lease (endowment) and on the other hand, to pay an amount in the name of the Pazireh to the Endowments Administration. The institution similar to this right in the Islamic countries, such as Egypt and Malaysia, is a right called the right of "Hokr". Despite such beneficial aspects as increasing the endowments incomes, promoting the purpose of development and productivity of the endowment and helping to organize the growing population in need of housing, there are challenging issues such as the violation of the endowment rights due to the long lease period and the creation of a permanent right for the tenant on the endowment land, the ambiguity of provisions and the waste of the rights of owners, legal problems caused by the combination of the rights of the owner on the endowment area and the methods of transferring of the buildings.Alternative practical methods, which discuss the right of Pazireh in some Islamic countries like Malaysia or Turkey, such as endowment funds and charitable foundations, have been established to maintain their endowments and make them more productive, which can compensate for the shortcomings. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, the present study introduces various viewpoints in this regard.

Background. Gastric Cancer (GC) is a common gastrointestinal tumor, and its incidence is increasing. The pathogenesis of GC is very complex and remains unclear. Recent basic studies of GC have focused on gene expression dysregulation. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumors but it is obscure in GC. This study aimed to compare the expression of the TXNIP gene in cancerous and adjacent tissue of gastric cancer and evaluate its clinical significance in the prognosis and survival analysis of gastric cancer patients. Methods. A total of 50 tumor tissues and marginal non-tumor control tissues were obtained from GC patients. Also, TXNIP gene expression levels were evaluated by real-time PCR. Meanwhile, bioinformatic approaches were used to evaluate TXNIP expression in two different cohorts of GC patients. A data mining study was also performed to determine the prognostic role of TXNIP expression in the overall survival of GC. Furthermore, a pan-cancer analysis of TXNIP expression was performed using TCGA data. Results. The TXNIP gene was down-regulated in tumor samples with a fold change of 0.33, and the same results were repeated in bioinformatics analysis. Decreased expression of TXNIP was significantly associated with metastasis, poor differentiation, and drug abuse. Our results provided evidence that TXNIP gene expression level is positively correlated with the overall survival of GC patients. Pan-cancer analysis of TCGA data revealed down-regulated TXNIP in a variety of malignant tumors. Conclusion. This study established low TXNIP expression as a prognostic biomarker in GC. It also revealed that the decrease in TXNIP expression likely favors metastatic GC. Practical Implications. Evaluation of TXNIP expression is informative in the prognosis of GC patients.

Background and Objectives: The most of physical and mental changes occur in childhood, so paying attention to prevention from illnesses among children is from the primary priorities. so that attention to the health status of these people is of particular importance, so we decided to determine the present study Implement the physical health of students in Qom City. Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was performed in 2016 on 400 students aged 5-7 years who were selected by simple random sampling from 13 schools in Qom City. Data collection tools were “Student Preliminary and Medical Assessment Form” which included weight, height, Body mass index (BMI), hearing and vision impairment and oral problems. Statistical data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: In the study of physical growth (height and weight), the average height and weight of girls and boys was lower than the average growth standard. On visual and auditory examination of all students, 1.6% had visual impairment in one or both eyes, 0.8% had impaired vision in one or both ears and 86.3% had tooth decay, in terms of pediculosis only 6.3% had pedicures and only 12% had poor nutritional status. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, in general the state of physical health of students was unfavorable, so in addition to self-care programs, oral hygiene heeding, assessment of visual and auditory health, proper nutrition and exercise is also recommended.

Background and Objectives: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system. About half of patients with MS complaint of sleep disorder which could be an indicator of the quality of life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients with multiple sclerosis in Qom province. Methods: We included 120 patients from the MS community list and assessed the participants based on the demographic, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Global Sleep Assessment (GSA) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 23 software. Results: We showed that the majority of our patients (74.2) were women with a Mean±SD age of 33.95±8.01 years old. 90(75%) of our patients suffered from at least one sleep disturbance in which difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep were the main complaints. Age was estimated to be the main independent factor significantly associated with sleep disturbance. Except the gender, other studied variables had a considerable impact on certain types of sleep-related disorders. Conclusion: As sleep disorders is frequent and mainly undiagnosed in patients with MS, it is necessary to routine evaluate the patients for sleep disorders.

سابقه و هدف: شادکامی یکی از مفاهیم روان‏شناسی مثبت‏گرا است که امروزه اهمیت آن در زندگی زوجین و همچنین بهداشت و سلامت روان مطرح شده است. تشکيل و حفظ خانواده و پيشگيري از فروپاشي آن مستلزم برخورداري اعضاي خانواده از توانمندي‏ها و مهارت‏هایی است. بر این اساس، مطالعۀ حاضر با هدف تبيين نقش بخشایش و معنویت‏گرایی در شادکامی زوجین انجام شده است. روش کار: روش این پژوهش توصیفی-همبستگی است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش تمامی زوجین ساکن شهر کرمانشاه بود که در سال 1398 با روش نمونه‏گیری دردسترس تعداد 300 نفر از آنان برای نمونه انتخاب شدند و به پرسش‌نامه‌های پژوهش پاسخ دادند. ابزارهای استفاده‌شده در مطالعه عبارت است از مقیاس شادکامی آکسفورد (هیلز و آرجیل)، مقیاس سنجش بخشش در خانواده (پولارد و همکاران) و مقیاس معنویت (شهیدی و فرج‏نیا). درنهایت، تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از روش‏های آمار توصیفی، ماتریس همبستگی و رگرسیون گام‏به‏گام انجام شد. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بین بخشایش (519/0=r و 05/0>P) و معنویت‏گرایی (688/0=r و 05/0>P) با شادکامی زوجین رابطۀ معنی‏داری وجود داشت. از سوی دیگر، در بین ابعاد بخشایش؛ زیرمقیاس‏های احساس بهبودی و سبک‏‌بالی، تشخیص/تصدیق و درک واقع‏بینانه پیش‏‌بینی‌کننده‌‏های قوی‏‌تری برای شادکامی زوجین بودند. همچنین، در بین زیرمقیاس‌‏های معنویت به‌‏ترتیب توانایی معنوی و نگرش معنوی قدرت پیش‌‏بینی‌کنندگی قوی‏تری برای شادکامی زوجین داشتند (05/0>P). نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش می‏توان گفت بخشایش و معنویت‏‌گرایی می‏‌توانند در ارتقای شادکامی زوجین نقش مؤثری داشته باشند و در مراکز مشاوره لازم است به این سازه‏‌ها بیشتر توجه شود.

Due to the critical and important structures in the thorax, transsternal surgery on thoracic vertebrae is very complex and rarely performed. We report a case of successful transsternal surgery on thoracic vertebrae. In this study, a 27-year-old man presented to the hospital with progressive lower extremity complaints. Pathologic lesions and severe destruction of the T3 vertebra were diagnosed. Considering the location of the lesion, an anterior approach was performed. The results of this operation have been very successful and have some noteworthy points. In this study, transsternal surgery is supported in patients with anterior vertebral conditions.

The main question of the present study is what kind of national roles did martyr Beheshti consider for Iranian foreign policy? The research hypothesis refers to roles such as Islamic world leadership, supporter of the oppressed, and the struggle against arrogance and colonialism. To answer this question, we used K.J Holsti's theoretical framework and the roles of foreign policy that Holsti identified in his book applied with the views of the martyr Beheshti. For this purpose, two methods of quantitative analysis (frequency counting of indexes related to national roles) and qualitative analysis (interpretation of findings with descriptive-analytical method) were used. The findings showed that among the 16 national roles mentioned by Holsti, the national roles of the anti-imperialist State (131 frequency), the defender of Islam (53 frequency), and the revolution and liberation stronghold (48 frequency) had the highest reflection in martyr Beheshti's interviews and lectures. However, there were no mention of the roles such as regional leader and regional protector; instead, three roles have been assigned by martyr Beheshti for Iran's foreign policy that there was not in the roles mentioned by Holsti. These roles include the anti-Zionist state, the justice-seeking state and the peace-loving state.

AbstractObjective: This study assessed the factors affecting the value of cash held in the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange under conditions of uncertainty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether cash holding is valuable in terms of uncertainty and what effects financial problems, agency costs, and growth rate have on the relationships between these variables. The results of this research can provide investors with information about the cash policy maintained for creating value.Method: In this research, 168 companies were listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011-2018. To test the hypotheses, the models of Falkander et al. (2006), Dietmar and Mart Smith (2007), and Dennis and Sibika (2010) were used.Findings: The results of testing the hypotheses showed that there was an effect between uncertainty and the value of cash held by the companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. The relationship between these two variables was strengthened, especially under conditions of uncertainty in the presence of agency problems and financing limitations. For every rial the companies held in cash, they got a value of more than 1 rial. However, investment opportunities had no effects on this relationship.Innovation: A review of the literature revealed that no research had been conducted in the field of cash value and there had been no restrictions on financing and agency costs so far. In this regard, new statistical models were used in this study.IntroductionIncreased competition and drastic technological changes in the business arena have exposed businesses to various operational and commercial risks. In such circumstances, businesses do not have sufficient knowledge and information about different possibilities of future decisions (Williams, 2015). Business executives are taking steps to reduce or eliminate the risks of uncertainty in their business environments. One of the most important steps is the cash storage. Cash as one of the most important components of working capital has always been of special interest to managers and investors. Keeping cash in the company provides such advantages as the ability to do business and deal with potential events, as well as flexibility to finance from internal sources and avoid wasting investment opportunities when limited in external financing (Batum, 2004). Method and DataIn this study, the models of Falkander et al. (2006), Dietmar and Mart Smith (2007), and Dennis and Sibika (2010) were used to test the hypotheses. Four equations were applied to conduct the research as follows:Model (1): Ri,t−Rp,t=β0+β1∆Cashi,t+β2 High uncertainty×∆Cashi,t+βCONTROLSCONTROLS+ε i,tModel (2): Ri,t–Rp,t=β0+β1∆Cash i,t+β2 High uncertainty×∆Cashi,t+β3Constrained×∆Cashi,t+β4 High uncertainty×Constrained×∆Cashi,t+βCONTROLSCONTROLsModel (3): Ri,t–R p,t=β0+β1∆Cashi,t+β2 High uncertainty×∆Cashi,t+β3×less agency conflicts×∆Cash i,t+β4High uncertainty×less agency conflicts×∆CashI,T+βCONTROLSCONTROLS+εi,:Model (4): RI,T −Rp,t=β0+β1∆Cashi,t+β2High uncertainty×∆Cashi,t+β3 More investment opportunities×∆Cashi,t+β4High uncertainty×More investment opportunities×∆Cashi,t+βCONTROLSCONTROLS+εi,t FindingsThe results of the test model of the 1st hypothesis showed that the estimated coefficient of Variable HIGH_UNCERTAINTY * ΔCASH was more than zero (1.33) and greater than 1. Also, at the error level of 1%, a positive and significant relationship between this variable and the cash value was confirmed. Therefore, the 1st hypothesis of the research was corroborated. The test model results of the 2nd hypothesis revealed that the estimation coefficient of Variable HIGH_UNCERTAINTY * CONSTRAINED * ΔCASH was positive (1.7) and greater than 1. It was believed that the significance level (P-value) of the relevant t-statistic was less than 5% (0.014), so the 2nd hypothesis of the research was confirmed .The test model results of the 3rd hypothesis indicated that the estimation coefficient of Variable UNCERTAINTY * LESSAGENCYCONFLICTS * ΔCASH was positive (17/14) and greater than 1, which meant that for every rial of cash held in the companies with high uncertainty and lower agency costs, the value was more than 1 rial. The test model results of the 4th hypothesis demonstrated that the estimation coefficient of Variable HIGH UNCERTAINTY * MORE INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES * ΔCASH was positive (0.36) and the significance level (P-value) of t-statistic was more than 5% (0.764) so that the 4th hypothesis of the research was not approved at the error level of 5%. Conclusion and discussion The results of the 1st hypothesis showed that by increasing one rial in cash in the conditions of uncertainty, investors valued it more than 1 rial. This result was in accordance with the theory principles and research of Jung et al. (2017). The results of the 2nd hypothesis displayed that the company was facing financial constraints, while the value of cash holding was significantly related to uncertainty. This result was consistent with the theoretical and research foundations of Jung et al. (2017) and Chakrat Barati (2017). The results of the 3rd hypothesis showed that with an increase of 1 rial in cash, the investors would value it more than 1 rial in case of uncertainty if the company faced agency problems, thus the 3rd hypothesis of the research was confirmed, which was in accordance with theoretical principles and the findings of the research conducted by Jung et al. (2017). The results of the 4th hypothesis revealed that cash holding value had no significant relationship with uncertainty so that the 4th hypothesis was rejected, which was contrary to the theoretical foundations and research results of Khan et al. (2019) and Jung et al. (2017).

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational personality on safety performance by explaining the mediating role of job satisfaction. Statistical population in this study was employees of Tehran urban train company and suburbs. The Cochran's formula was used to obtain the sample size and the cluster and random sampling method was used to distribute the questionnaire among the estimated samples. In order to collect the data, the standard questionnaire (organizational personality, safety performance and job satisfaction) was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face and construct validity and its reliability were investigated with Cronbach "s alpha. To analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire and statistical sample, smart PLS software and structural equation modeling are used. The findings show that organizational personality and job satisfaction on the dimensions of safety performance (safety compliance and safety participation) have a significant positive effect. Also job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on organizational personality. Furthermore, the results indicate that organizational personality through job satisfaction leads to improved safety performance in Tehran Urban Train Company and Suburbs.

The use of Surgicel is one of the methods used to stop bleeding during various surgical operations, especially neurosurgery. The use of Surgicel may cause complications such as inflammation, delayed tissue repair, and necrosis. This case is a 60-year-old woman with a history of craniotomy and reaction to Surgicel who presented to the hospital with symptoms of seizures. The patient underwent craniotomy after a mass diagnosis in the parasagittal region. After reviewing this case, we concluded that the use of Surgicel can have complications for patients, Therefore, it is recommended to use Surgicel in the patient's body so that it is not treated as a mass, abscess, or hematoma in the postoperative period.

Abstract Describing details and realities, fiction contributes to extracting and analyzing the social issues which are concerned, in one form or another, with behind the front in the literary works. In so doing, the authors embarked upon analyzing four fictive works, including The Burnt Ground, The Cold Suran, Da, and The Last Sunday, to examine the perspectives of male and female writers towards the social issues. The rationale lying behind opting for these works is that on the one hand these works widely address various impacts of war on social and individual life and, on the other, they cast a careful look at certain issues such as mourning for the martyrs, the devastation of cities, paucity of facilities, hoarding, price-gouging, and robbery. The present study, thus, is aimed at analyzing the paramount issues of behind the front in certain literary works representing the literature of the holy defense to investigate the differences between male and female writers in taking these issues into account. This research was conducted using library resources and employing a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of the study indicated that the holy war had brought about socially and individually consequential impacts due to the war condition and nonequilibrium social status. Given the gender-specific perspectives, the writers have taken into account particular aspects of the war impacts. Mahmood and Afhami have addressed betrayal, price gouging, and robbery. Hosseini and Ramehr-Ramzi have emphasized criticizing the authorities, betrayal, and paucity of facilities. The male writers' perspectives towards mourning are for the most part relied on instigating and motivating the people to be enlisted for service in war and participate in the funeral of martyrs. This is whilst female writers have mainly focused on emotional instigation and crying for martyrs. 1. Introduction Besides dealing with the war affairs and the fight on the battlefield, the Holy Defence Literature (HDL) takes into account the destructions, dilapidations of war, bombardments, behind-the-front slaughter, inflation, robbery, poverty, and further socio-economic issues. In selected literary works, the authors embark upon mulling over social issues such as mourning for martyrs, robbery, poverty, betrayal, espionage, destruction, chaos in cities, the paucity of facilities, high expenses, inflation, etc. This study also seeks to investigate the dominant characteristics of behind the front issues in four fictive works, including The Burnt Ground, The Cold Suran, Da, and The Last Sunday. This study takes on to examine the social problems behind the front from the perspectives of male and female writers towards these issues. 2. Analysis and discussion 2-1. Analyzing behind the front social issues in the select literary works 2-1-1. Holding mourning ceremonies for the holy defense martyrs War disorganizes and disturbs the dominant social orders. Undoubtedly, the lack or collapse of regulating orders leads to social disintegration and critically jeopardizes social solidarity. However, certain practices and events may contribute to strengthening the bonds of social solidarity. One of the practices and events that is rife amongst different societies and religions is to mourn for the martyrs. The novel The Cold Suran does not focus its attention on mourning for martyrs as well as the novels The Burnt Ground, Da, and The Last Sunday. 2-1-2. Destruction and chaos in cities Of the particular features of the holy defense's literature is to describe the symptoms and negative repercussions of war such as the destruction of cities and consequently civil chaos. Not only has the civil war destroyed cities and houses of the great majority of Iranians, but also it led to the dilapidation of markets, shops, entertainment centers as well as cultural and economic structures. In its own right, this brought out great losses in the economic section of the country. The novels The Burnt Ground, The Cold Suran, Da, and The Last Sunday have equally considered this issue. 2-1-3. Criticism of the paucity of medical, military, and pharmaceutical equipment Of social issues in the select works is to critique the paucity of medical, military, and pharmaceutical equipment in the time of war. Placing greater emphasis upon this issue sheds much light on the real circumstances in fronts, war-hit cities and camps of war-hit people, and the common perspective towards it. This idea runs through all the select works. 2-1-4. Criticism of commanders of the war and the authorities One of the most important hallmarks of holy defense stories is to cast some critique towards the performance of the war commanders and authorities concerning the policies and decision-making on the state affairs during the war-time. Amongst the literary works introduced here, the novels The Burnt Ground, Da, and The Last Sunday have widely represented this issue. 2-1-5. Robbery, hoarding, and high expenses (people's living condition) As one of the most significant social issues, robbery, hoarding, and high expenses are the central themes of the select works which can be regarded as the impacts of the imposed war. In these works, The Burnt Ground and Da have particularly concerned with these problems far more significantly than The Cold Suran and The Last Sunday. 2-1-6. Presenting betrayal Another prominent social issue in the war and holy defense novels is the problem of betrayal. The Burnt Ground and Da pinpoint the betrayal of Arab Sheikhs. Allegedly, this has brought about common dissatisfaction and misrepresentation. All the select works have paid salient heed to this issue. 3. Conclusion Analyzing the select works using descriptive-analytical methods and different technical resources in the field of holy defense fictive literature, the findings of the study indicate that the issues concerning behind-the-front events from a social perspective have been widely addressed in the four fictive works The Burnt Ground, The Cold Suran, Da, and The Last Sunday. Amongst various social issues, it can be demonstrated that mourning for martyrs, destruction, and chaos in cities, critiquing paucity of medical and military equipment, critiquing the commanders and authorities of war, addressing espionage and betrayal, robbery, hoarding, poverty, and high expenses, are of the most salient issues in the select works. The novels The Burnt Ground and The Cold Suran address betrayal, destruction of cities, hoarding, and high expenses. This is whilst the two books Da and The Last Sunday mainly present paucity of equipment and facilities, critiquing commanders and authorities, and hoarding. Further, Mahmood and Afhami cast a sharp critique of the authorities and the state. On the other hand, Hosseini and Ramehrmazi's perspectives towards these issues realize in terms of discursive criticism. Also, The Burnt Ground depicts the robbery and the treatment of thieves to be practiced with violence and execution. The Burnt Ground and The Cold Suran reveal that hoarders are treated violently. This is represented in people's behavior regarding Kal Sha'ban and Kad Khoda. In Da and The Last Sunday, this is represented by linguistic violence in Zahra and Ma'sume's characteristics.

One of the key success factors in the journey to digitalization is to cultivate and develop a new generation of leaders called “digital leaders”. Given the importance of this issue in the present era, researchers have addressed this role in many aspects as one of the essential factors determining the success of organizations in the digital age. However, the fundamental issue is what is the status of studies on digital leader’s role in terms of both structural and contextual perspectives? This is important because, to date, relevant researches have focused less on providing a complete picture of researches in this area. Accordingly, in response to this challenge, this research intends to provide a comprehensive view of the international conducted studies in the field of digital leader’s role. In order to achieve this, the qualitative meta-analysis was used to examine and analyze 46 studies in the field which each of them had a different perspective and methodology. For that purpose, we follow a structured and iterative process built on Okoli & Schabram’s guidelines and Fink’s approach to search, identify, and analyze the relevant literature. Finally, in order to evaluate the results of structural and contextual analysis, the peer debriefing strategy were used. The results showed that all conducted researches have predominant features both structurally and contextually. In this regard, in the structural perspective, “time distribution of studies, the method of data collection, the industry distribution of studies and the type of researcher participation” were evaluated. In the contextual perspective, based on the thematic synthesis, five main research themes including “drivers of role definition, goals and objectives, functions, role structure and role competencies” in the field of digital leader’s role were identified and finally, thematic network of the concepts and issues related to each area were drawn up. From the contextual point of view, results of this study showed that over recent years the number and quality of articles have increased, as well as the research focus has expanded to various dimensions; So that in 2019, all five areas of this role have been addressed in numerous studies. Overall, the findings of this article provide a basis for understanding the different research aspects in the field of digital leader’s role. It also provides a framework to design and develop researches in the field of digital leader’s role.

Introduction: Frozen section (FS) is a valuable method with high sensitivity and specificity which allows the surgeon to choose a suitable therapeutic plan in a short time. High cost and inaccessibility are the most important limitations of this method in many pathology laboratories. Touch imprint (TI) is a rapid and inexpensive method in this field. This study was performed with aim to compare the frozen section and touch imprint methods for intra-operative differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian tissues. Methods: In this cross-sectional study which was performed in 2012, 45 ovarian tissue samples which had been sent to the pathology department of Mashhad Ghaem hospital were evaluated by three methods of frozen section, touch imprint and permanent paraffin. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 16) and cross tab test. P less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Accuracy of FS and TI were 97.8% and 84.4%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity was 95.7% and 100% for FS and was 69.6% and 100% for TI. Moreover, Positive and negative predictive value was 100% and 96.6% for FS and was 72.7%% and 75.9% for TI. Conclusion: FS is a sensitive and specific method for evaluation of malignancy tissues. TI alone cannot be replaced by this method, but if FS was not accessible, IT could be used as a rapid method for intraoperative evaluation of tissue samples.

Introduction: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and bupropion drugtherapy in sexual relationship anxiety and marital conflicts of couples. Method: This study was a three-group pretest-posttest semi-experimental research design. The research statistical population consisted of all individuals with sexual anxiety complaints who referred to midwifery clinics and psychiatric centers in Neyshabour in the spring of 2017. Of this population, 39 subjects were chosen through convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into three research groups (cognitive-behavioral therapy, drugtherapy and control group) while considering the research inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, the first group underwent 8 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy and the second group received drugtherapy. During this period, the control group did not receive any psychological or pharmacological intervention. At the beginning and end of the study, all three groups were evaluated by the research questionnaires including Marital Conflict Scale and Sexual Anxiety Scale. In order to compare the results of the experimental and control groups, multivariate analysis of variance (covariance) and Bonferroni post-hoc test were employed in SPSS software. Findings: The results demonstrated that cognitive-behavioral therapy was significantly more effective than pharmacotherapy in improving sexual relationship anxiety and marital conflicts. Conclusion: It is suggested that cognitive-behavioral therapy be used as an evidence-based therapy to reduce the problems of people with sexual relationship anxiety.

Background and Objective: Cardiovascular diseases and heart failure are major diseases in developed countries. Stem cells showed specific features to play an important role in heart disease treatment. One of the most common compounds has been used to induce differentiation of stem cells into cardiomyocyte is 5-Azacytidine. Medium contents of cell culture such as different glucose concentrations also influence on morphology and function of final differentiated cells. This study was done to evaluate the effect of glucose on improvement of BM-MSC differentiation into cardiomyocyte - like cells. Methods: In this experimental study, effect of two different glucose concentrations (5 and 25mM) on the mesenchymal stem cells differentiation (MSCs) to cardiomyocytes during 21 days was evaluated. Bone marrow MSCs (BM MSCs) seeded in differentiation medium which treated with 5-aza and 5 & 25mM glucose concentrations. In next step, total RNA was extracted and cDNA synthesis was carried out. Finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was done to determine level of cardiac-specific markers during differentiation process including Connexin43, α-cardiac actin, TroponinT and TroponinI. Results: Level of cardiac-specific markers during differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to cardiomyocyte including Connexin43, α-cardiac actin, TroponinT and TroponinI in 5 and 25 mM of glucose concentration was diferent, but this diference was not significant. Conclusion: Our results showed that two concentrations of glucose (5, 25mM) have no remarkable effect on the expression of cardiac markers during differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to cardiomyocyte.

In the present study, Kit-6 silica mesoporous was chemically synthesized on the surface of silica coated magnetite core and functionalized by amine groups to obtained Fe3O4@SiO2@Kit-6 MNCs. The amino functional groups were chemically bonded on the surface of synthesized MNCs by post toluene reflux synthesis method and after characterization by XRD, FT-IR, EDX and SEM , it’s effectiveness as an adsorbent for the removal of reactive yellow160 dye from aqueous solutions was evaluated. Experimental factors affecting the dye removal efficiency such as sorbent weight (0.08 g), ionic strength (without salt addition), pH (4), sample volume (10 ml), and contact time (20 min) were optimized by Taguchi experimental design. The results revealed that removal efficiency of reactive yellow was more than 97% in optimal conditions. Pseudo first order, pseudo second order, intraparticle diffusion and Ilovich models were considered to evaluate the rate parameters. Kinetic data were fully fitted to the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Also, the adsorption equilibrium was represented with Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The fitting of data for dye sorption onto the Fe3O4@SiO2@Kit-6-NH2 suggested that the Freundlich model gave a better fit than the Langmuir and Temkin models. The results showed that Fe3O4@SiO2@Kit-‌6 nanocomposite modified with amine groups can be used as an alternative low cost adsorbent for removal of anionic pollutants from aqueous solutions.

Introduction The study area is located in the northeast of Iran (the Khorasan Razavi province) and 28 km northwest of Bardaskan city and in position of 57˚ 46΄ to 57˚ 52΄ latitude and 35˚ 21΄ to 35˚ 24΄ longitude. The study area is a part of Taknar zone. The Taknar geological-structural zone is situated in the north Central Iranian microcontinental and it is a part of Lut block (Fig.1). Taknar plutonic complex that is situated in the Taknar structural zone is located in the northern part of Iranian microcontinent. Materials and methods Chemical analysis of REE and minor elements of samples of the Bornaward diorites and gabbro’s took place in the ACME Lab. in Vancouver, Canada, by the ICP-MS method (Table. 1). For the Bornaward diorite dating by the U-Pb method, zircon grains of material remaining in the sieve, Bromoform were isolated from light minerals by cleaning and were isolated with a minimum size of 25 microns, and then studies took place in the Crohn's Laser Lab Arizona (Gehrels et al., 2008). Measurement of Rb, Sr, Sm and Nd isotopes and (143Nd/144Nd)i , (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios and ƐNd (T=552), ƐNd (T=0), ƐSr (T=552) and ƐSr (T=0) took place in radioisotope Laboratory, University of Aveiro in Portugal. Discussion Geology of study area The study area forms the central part of the Bornaward plutonic complex. This complex is a granitoid assemblage including granite, granodiorite, tonalite and granophyre.tscentral part has been formed by intermediate and basic intrusive rocks such as diorite, quartz diorite and gabbro units (Fig. 2). From the genetic point of view, the intermediate and mafic rocks of the Taknar plutonic complex does not have any relationship with granitoid rocks of this assemblage, and they are related to a similar magmatic phase but are separated from this granitoid assemblage. However, these mafic and intermediate units are older than granitic units at the rim of the complex that are called Bornaward granite. Petrography The main minerals in the diorite and quartz diorite rocks are plagioclase and hornblende and we can see biotite in the quartz dioritic rocks. Quartz exist as tiny grains and anhedral and in the matrix rock. The amount of Quartz in the quartz diorites is 5 to 20%. Plagioclases usually have normal zoning and are highly altered to sericite. Most of the plagioclases were saussuritized. Altered minerals resulted from plagioclase and hornblende are sericite, epidote, chlorite, zoisite and clinozoisite. The main minerals in the gabbro are pyroxene, hornblende, and fine grains plagioclase. Minor minerals in the rocks are apatite, magnetite and other opaque. The main texture of intermediate and mafic rocks in this assemblage is medium granular to coarse grain and especially in the intermediate rocks and gabbro rocks, we can see scattered poikilitic, intersertal, sub-ophitic and porphyroid texture. Geochemistry The area diorite and gabbro is located locate in Tholeiitic and Calc-alkaline series (Fig. 9). Shand index (Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O)) is obtained under 1.1, in Metaluminous field (Fig. 7) and I-type granite field (Chappell and White, 2001). Based on the TAS diagram (Middlemost, 1985), all the diorite and gabbro samples are located in diorite, gabbro-diorite and gabbro-norite groups (Fig. 6). The diorite and gabbro’s show enrichment LREE and low ascending pattern ((La/Yb)N =1.40-6.12 and LaN =12.26-75.81). U-Pb zircon geochronology Measurement of U-Th-Pb isotopes of the Bornaward diorite zircons of BKCh-03 sample (Table 2) show that its age is related to 551.96±4.32 Ma ago (Upper Precambrian (Neoproterozoic) (Ediacaran) (Fig. 14). Sr-Nd isotopes The (87Sr/86Sr)i and (143Nd/144Nd)i content of Bornaward diorite and gabbro rocks is located in the range of 0.7038 to 0.7135 and 0.51203 to 0.51214, respectively (Tables 3 and 4). It shows that the diorite and gabbro rocks can be affected by hydrothermal alteration because their (87Sr/86Sr)i is above (Fig. 16). The numeral amounts of ƐNd(T=552) of Bornaward diorite and gabbro are 2.0 to 4.0. Petrogenesis The Bornaward diorite and gabbro rocks show a widespread enriched pattern of Rb, U, K, Pb, La and Th elements than chondrite, while Ba, Ti, Ta, Sr and Nb elements show reduction as a result of fractional crystallization (Fig. 11). The rocks of this complex are formed at the continental margin and VAG environment (Fig. 18) which is related to the subduction of the oceanic crust that exists between the Iranian microcontinent and the Afghan Block. Results This assemblage with age of Late Neoproterozoic is the result of extensive magmatism in the northern part of the Iranian microcontinent due to Katangahi orogeny event. The similar magmatism in the northern part of the Iranian microcontinent is existing as Khaf-Kashmar-Bardeskan volcano-plutonic belt. Based on the geochemical investigations, the magmatism of these rocks has been tholeiitic and calk-alkaline and have formed the coexistent rocks with I-type granites. Alumina saturation index for intermediate and mafic rocks of Bornaward complex is metalumina. These are medium-K rocks and enriched in the LILE such as Rb, Pb, U and Th while depleted of the Nb, Ti, Ta, Sr and Ba. Therefore, it shows that these rocks have resulted from the mixing by the lower crust. The low (87Sr/86Sr)i Bornaward diorite and gabbro rocks and the numeral amounts of Ɛ0Nd(present) of these rocks from -0.2 to 4.0 show that production of such intrusive masses can be attributed to the source of upper mantle or contaminated lower continental crust. Environment of formation of the intermediate and basic rocks of the Bornaward plutonic complex is active continental margin and volcanic arc environment. References Chappell, B.W. and White, A.J.R., 2001. Two contrasting granite types: 25 years later. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 48(4): 489–499. Gehrels, G.E., Valencia, V.A. and Ruiz, J., 2008. Enhanced precision, accuracy, efficiency, and spatial resolution of U–Pb ages by laser ablation– multicollector– inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9(3): 1–13. Middlemost, E.A.K., 1985. Magmas and Magmatic Rocks. An Introduction to Igneous Petrology. Longman, London, New York, 266 pp.

Background and purpose: Stressful life events can lead to psychological problems, heart disease, stroke, etc. Multidimensional nature of stress calls for advanced statistical methods that could evaluate these dimensions based on symptoms of stress. Therefore, current study aimed at identifying and redefining the dimensions of the stressful life events (SLE) questionnaire using a higher order factor model. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was done in 4763 people participating in a project called SEPAHAN in Isfahan, Iran 2010. The perceived stress level was evaluated by the Iranian version of SLE questionnaire. First and second order exploratory and confirmatory factor models were applied for data analysis using AMOS V20. Results: According to exploratory factor analysis, 11 domains of stress (first order factors) were extracted from 44 items, which explained 51.42% of the total variance. Based on these domains, two dimensions were identified as second-order factors (stressors), including individual and social stressors that explained 17.3% and 25.6% of total variance, respectively. The similar structure was identified both in total sample and in men and women separately. Also, the results in exploratory factor analysis were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI =0.78, GFI =0.89, RMSEA =0.05). It was found that the second-order factor model well fitted to the dimensions of the questionnaire identified. Conclusion: SLE questionaire has11 domains and two higher dimensions (individual and social stressors). Studying the types of stressors could be used in preventive strategies against mental health problems and also in training useful copying styles.

Background and Objective: Guillain-Barre syndrome is an autoimmune neurological disease that is considered as the most serious type of paralysis without reflex. Different factors and therapeutic measures are effective in causes and how to control it. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of Guilen Barre syndrome in Hamedan province during the years 2006-2015. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study the required information from the records of 159 patients admitted to hospital Farshchian Hamadan, was investigated over a period of 8 years. The relationship between variables was analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using chi-squared test and independent T-test. Results: Of the 159 patients, 58 (40.8%) were female and 98 (61.6%) were married. The mean age of patients was 48 ± 22.6. Lower limb weakness (95%) was the most common symptom and difficulty in swallowing and respiratory distress had the lowest incidence of symptoms. The largest age group of patients with Guillen-Baar syndrome was between the ages of 21-30. Relative healing was observed in 43 cases (27%) and death was observed in 15 cases (9.4%). There was no statistically significant relationship between gender, age, and marital status with symptoms appearing in patients with Guillen-Baar syndrome. Conclusion: The results revealed a different pattern of the epidemiology of Guillain-Barre syndrome in Iran from other countries. So different environmental factors are involved in GBS. According to disability and even death in such GBS patients, further research to find the etiology, treatment and prevention services will be required.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious clinical disorder, which involves the patient’s family as well as the community. After sever SCI, astrocytes of the central nervous system become reactive astrocytes, and produce glial scar which is a major obstacle to axons regeneration in the spinal cord. However, some studies have confirmed a spontaneous partial locomotor recovery in injured animals in the course of time and without any therapeutic interventions. Thus, in this study, locomotor function of animals with SCI was assessed to determine the exact scope of such a recovery through BBB (Basso, Bresnahan and Beattie) locomotor test during 20 weeks. Materials and Methods: In this research, 18 adult male Wistar rats were used and randomly divided into 3equale groups: the normal control, the sham, the injured. Animals in the normal control group did not received any intervention, but for the sham and injured groups, laminectomy and contusion model in segment T10 of spinal cord were accomplished, respectively. Locomotor improvement of animals in all the groups was evaluated for 20 weeks. Findings: According to our investigation, comparison of the results of locomotor assessment of the second week against that of the 20th week of the spinal cord injured group without treatment demonstrated a partial locomotor recovery, since the BBB score of lesion in these animals was 1.4 in the second week and reached up to 16 in the Twentieth week. Discussion & Conclusion: Our Results showed that spontaneous locomotor recovery in animals with spinal cord defects increases after 20 weeks (from 16 21 score) in the course of time and without any therapeutic interventions.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes constant irreversible functional deficits. Poor prognosis of such a disease prompts scientists to work on an effective way of treatment. Stem cell transplantation provides a promising strategy for such researchers. Using olfactory ensheathed cells (OECs) has, so far, indicated very good results. Hensce, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transplanted OECs on functional recovery of delayed phase of SCI in rats. Materials & Methods: In this survey, eighteen adult male wistar rats were divided into sham, control, vehicle, and treatment groups. Sham group received only laminectomy in the T9 segment of spinal cord, while in other groups, contusion model was induced following laminectomy.7 days after injury, DMEM medium alone or with OECs was injected to the vehicle and treatment groups, respectively. For cell culture, the olfactory mucosa of 7-day-old male wistar rats was used. Locomotor behavior of animals in all the groups was evaluated by BBB, (Basso, Bresnahan and Beattie) test. Findings: Comparison of the results by the second week to the end of the study illustrated significant changing differences between the OECs receivers and the control group, (p< 0.05). Discussion & Conclusion: Our investigation demonstrated a positive impact of the OECs on functional recovery in the delayed phase of SCI.

The project management is planning and conducting projects within time, cost and quality is determined towards the creation of specific results. The aim of this research was to develop mathematical models for the trade off time, cost, quality and risk of the project which parameters of its activities have been estimated randomly with grey numbers. In the projects, managers are looking for the optimal combination of time, cost and quality of the project and considering the risk, while information is limited and insufficient in this area. Using the proposed method with grey numbers can help to manage projects well in these conditions. For solving the model / methodology, the hybrid of fuzzy goal programming and grey linear planning has been predicted. By examining the responses, it seems that there is a possibility for them to be improved with goal programming; therefore, the further stages with goal programming for better satisfactory answers were presented to the project manager. For a case study, the project(s) in Iran Khodro Company is selected.

Background and Objectives: Adolescence is one of the important period in growth and evolution process, Also, eating disorders in adolescences, especially girls is one of the major problems in communities. Therefore, an effective education is of special priority for prevention of eating disorders. The current study was performed with the goal of assessment of the effect of nutrition education on eating disorders attitude in girls high school students. Methods: This non-experimental study with a single group pre- and post-test design, was performed using purposive sampling method on 97 students of the first year of high school, in 2015. Data collection tool was EAT-26 standardized questionnaire, which was completed by the participants using self-report method before and 3 months after the education. Data were analyzed using paired t-test. The significance level was set at p

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Evaluation is one of the major aspects in process of educational activities. Evaluation provides the possibility to assess strengthens and weaknesses. The present study has been conducted under the goal to assess approach of students evaluation by basic sciences and clinical sciences educational groups at medical school of Shiraz university of medical sciences. METHODS: The present study is a cross sectional and descriptive-analytic. In order to assess medical school exams, a check list was designed and distribution to educational groups´ managers of basic and clinical sciences. After data were gathered, data analysis was performed. FINDINGS: According to the result, 93.16% of clinical educational groups used multiple choices question (MCQ), 61.79% used Log-book, 3.57% OSCE, 50.83% DOPS, 45.57% Practical Exam,43.41% used Descriptive, 38.21% Oral Exam and 22.87% used Dobs. The basic groups the most average used 67.9% MCQ and 66.3% Descriptive Exam. While none of them no used Dobs and Mini cex. CONCLUSION: MCQs can only assess low leaves of cognitive knowledge, in which practical knowledge is critical using evaluation approaches such as descriptive exams, and Mini cex can approaches assess higher levels of cognitive knowledge along with emotional and psycho-motor aspects which can evaluation quality. Due to the fact that in most groups examined in this study MCQ was the most commonly used, results derived from the presents study were announced to educational groups in order to enhance their evaluation effectiveness by using different types of evaluations.

Background & objectives: In many medical studies, the response variable is measured repeatedly over time to evaluate the treatment effect that is known as longitudinal study. The analysis method for this type of data is repeated measures ANOVA that uses only one correlation structure and the results are not valid with inappropriate correlation structure. To avoid this problem, a convenient alternative is mixed models. So, the aim of this study was to compare of mixed and repeated measurement models for examination of the Entonox effect on the labor pain. Methods: This experimental study was designed to compare the effect of Entonox and oxygen inhalation on pain relief between two groups. Data were analyzed using repeated measurement and mixed models with different correlation structures. Selection and comparison of proper correlation structures performed using Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion and restricted log-likelihood. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22. Results: Results of our study showed that all variables containing analgesia methods, labor duration of the first and second stages, and time were significant in these tests. In mixed model, heterogeneous first-order autoregressive, first-order autoregressive, heterogeneous Toeplitz and unstructured correlation structures were recognized as the best structures. Also, all variables were significant in these structures. Unstructured variance covariance matrix was recognized as the worst structure and labor duration of the first and second stages was not significant in this structure. Conclusions: This study showed that the Entonox inhalation has a significant effect on pain relief in primiparous and it is confirmed by all of the models.

Background and Aim: In this study, antibacterial combination effects of Zataria multiflora, Laurus nobilis and Chamaemelum nobile essences was examined and the optimum bactericide dosages of the combination was determined on E. coli PTCC1330. Materials and Methods: Essence extraction was conducted using water distillation method from Z. multiflora, L. nobilis leafs and C. nobile capitals by Clevenger apparatus. The combination effects of the essences were studied on E. coli in different dosages using Qualitek-4 software and fraction of the full factorial statistical method. Essences interactions and the contribution of each essence were evaluated on inhibition of E. coli growth. Results: MIC values was determined for Z. multiflora, L. nobilis and C. nobile essences as 0.01, 0.1 and 0.05 mg ml-1, also MBC values was 0.1, 0.5 and 0.5 mg ml-1, respectively. Z. multiflora essence dosages showed the highest percentage of antibacterial effect (64. 2%) on E. coli, while the antibacterial effect was evaluated 13.54% and 6.89% for L. nobilis and C. nobile essences, respectively. In optimum conditions, all three essences dosages should be equal to 1 mg. mL-1 and the percentage of bacterial growth inhibition was determined by 72.76% whereas it has 81.8% consistency with real results at optimum conditions (60%). The maximum interaction was observed between Z. multiflora and C. nobile essences dosages with 33.44% severity index. Conclusions: Z. multiflora essence had a considerable antibacterial effect on E. coli, while antibacterial properties of L. nobilis and C. nobile essences were evaluated as a weak effect.

Introduction The Bornaward area is located in the Northeastern Iran (in the Khorasan Razavi province) 28 km northwest of the city of Bardaskan at 57˚ 46΄ to 57˚ 52΄ N latitude and 35˚ 21΄ to 35˚ 24΄E longitude. The Taknar structural zone, situated in the North central Iranian micro continent, is part of the Lut block (Forster, 1978). The Taknar zone is an allochthonous block bounded by the Darouneh and Taknar major faults. Much of this zone consists of metarhyolite-rhyodacite volcanic rocks, and rhyolitic tuff with interlayers of sandstone and dolomite (Taknar Formation). Analytical Results ICP-MS analysis of REE and minor elements of samples of the Bornaward metarhyolites was carried out at the ACME Laboratory in Vancouver, Canada. U-Pb dating of the metarhyolites was performed on isolated zircons in Crohn's Laser Lab, in Arizona (Gehrels et al., 2008). Measurement of Rb, Sr, Sm and Nd isotopes and (143Nd/144Nd)i and (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios took place in the radioisotope laboratory of the University of Aveiro in Portugal. Petrography The volcanic rocks are porphyritic, commonly containing phenocrysts of orthoclase and rarely sanidine, quartz and intermediate plagioclase in a groundmass of fine-grained quartz and feldspar. An alteration has produced oriented needles of sericite and clay minerals, clusters of fine-grained green biotite and clots of epidote and chlorite. Geochemistry The compositions of the volcanic rocks are calc alkaline and high K- calc alkaline. The obtained Shand index (Al2O3/( CaO+Na2O+K2O) is above 1.1, in the peraluminous S-type granite field (Chappell and White, 2001). Plotted on the TAS diagram (Middlemost, 1994), all the metarhyolite-rhyodacite samples are located in the sub-alkaline field and the majority fall into the rhyolite group. The metarhyolite-rhyodacites show enrichment of LREE with a moderately ascending pattern ((La/Yb)N=2.51-10.11 and La=46.45-145.48). Europium shows a negative anomaly (Eu/Eu*=0.23-0.71). U-Pb zircon geochronology Measurement of U-Pb isotopes of the Bornaward metarhyolite zircons of sample BKCh-103, indicates an age of 552.23+4.73,-6.62 Ma (Upper Precambrian). Sr-Nd isotopes The Sr ratios of the metarhyolites (87Sr/86Sr) were found to fall in the range of 0.688949 to 0.723435 and the Nd ratios (143Nd/144Nd)i were in the range of 0.511701 to 0.511855. These values indicate that the metarhyolites of samples BKCh-12, BKCh-103 and BKCh-177 were affected by hydrothermal alteration since their (87Sr/86Sr)I ratios are high. The Sr ratios suggest that the more negative Nd anomaly and the more negative ɛNd(552) of the samples BKCh-12, BKCh-103 and BKCh-177 indicate that these lavas originated in an enriched upper mantle source and/or lower continental crust. In contrast, two recent examples (Xua et al., 2005) can be related to sialic continental crust with significant contamination. Petrogenesis The Bornaward metarhyolite- rhyodacites show an enriched pattern for Rb, Th, U, K, Pb, Nd and Y relative to the primitive mantle, while Ba, P, Ti, Sr, Zr and Nb show a reduction as a result of fractional crystallization. Based on isotopic correlations of207Pb/204Pb vs 206Pb/204Pb, the primitive source of the Bornaward metarhyolite- rhyodacites is the lower continental crust. This part of the continental crust is only slightly depleted in Pb. Consequently, it has a low 87Sr/86Sr ratio (Samples BKCh-138 and BKCh-198). In contrast, the samples of BKCh-12, BKCh-103 and BKCh-177 have high 87Sr/86Sr ratios that could be the result of significant contamination to parts of the continental crust with very high 87Sr/86Sr (Karimpour et al., 2011). Results and Conclusions The calc-alkaline compositions of samples BKCh-12, BKCh-103 and BKCh-177, the high K- calc alkaline of samples BKCh-138 and BKCh-198 of the Bornaward metarhyolites and the higher temperature overgrowth of plagioclase on lower temperature microcline phenocrysts can be a reason for entrance lavas with different generations. The distinct isotopic characteristics of the two groups of rhyolitic samples are the reasons for two different sources for the production of these lavas: 1) partial melting of an enriched mantle reservoir or lower continental crust, and 2) sialic continental crust with high contamination. With respect to the Bornaward metarhyolite- rhyodacites with (143Nd/144Nd)i ratios from 0.511701 to 0.511855, geochemical characteristics and the high volume of volcanic rocks in the area, their formation can be attributed to a continental rift environment. This rift system can be formed by initiation of a plume in the upper mantle beneath East Iran during Neoproterozoic time. References Chappell, B.W. and White, A.J.R., 2001. Two contrasting granite types. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 48(4): 489-499. Forster, H., 1978. Mesozoic – cenozoic metallogenesis in Iran. Journal of the Geological Society, 135(4): 443-455. Gehrels, G.E., Valencia, V.A. and Ruiz, J., 2008. Enhanced precision, accuracy, efficiency, and spatial resolution of U–Pb ages by laser ablation–multicollector–inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 9(3): 1-13. Karimpour, M.H., Farmer, G.L., Stern, C.R. and Salati, E., 2011. U-Pb zircon geochronology and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristic of Late Neoproterozoic Bornaward granitoids (Taknar zone exotic block), Iran. Iranian Society of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 19(1): 1-18. Middlemost, E.A.K., 1994.Naming materials in the magma igneous rock system. Earth Science Reviews, 37(3- 4): 215-224. Xua, B., Jianb, P., Zhenga, H., Zouc, H., Zhanga, L. and Liub, D., 2005. U–Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of Neoproterozoic volcanic rocks in the Tarim Block of northwest China: implications for the breakup of Rodinia supercontinent and Neoproterozoic glaciations. Precambrian Research, 136(2): 107–123.

Several brand identity frameworks have been published in the B2C brands . A reliable, valid and parsimonious service brand identity scale that empirically establishes the construct's dimensionality in a B2B market has yet to be developed. The purpose of this paper is Interpretive structural modeling of corporate brand identity in the market by looking at the IT industry B2B marketing performance. For this purpose, at first, literature and history were studied. First, literature and history were studied. Then, using the method of content analysis (theme analysis), its influencing factors and the influence of identity were identified. after that by using interpretative structural modeling techniques based on idea,s of industry experts and professors (13 academic experts and 12 industrial experts) in the IT industry business model was designed brand identity in the market. Snowball sampling was used to select the experts said in an interview. The results show that the model of brand identity contains18 dimensions. In addition, the conclusions of the impact of brand identity on marketing performance and customer satisfaction and loyalty, and their intention is to repurchase.

This study aims to propose a strategic model for the development of E-banking in Iranian commercial banks. Hence it tries to study environmental and organizational factors of Iranian commercial banks (Mellat, Melli, Saderat, Tejarat, Parsian, Saman, Eghtesad Novin and Karafarin Bank) in form of a model along with analyzing their impact on the development of E-banking in Iranian commercial banks. This model was then examined in a survey using interview and questionnaire tool on a sample of 287 managers and E-banking experts in Iranian commercial banks. SPSS and LISREL software and Structural equation modeling method was used for data analysis and studying the relation between variables. The result suggests that top management and human resources in organizational factors, social and cultural environment in macro-factors and customers and competitive pressures in micro-environmental factors have the most impact on the development of E-banking.

The quality of living environment depends on users’ active response. Users’ unawareness and passive, insensitive and indifferent reaction to their surroundings—collectively called ‘environmental numbness’—adversely affects users’ wellbeing and will gradually lead to degradation and final evacuation of an environment. Several factors contribute to numbness, namely: users’ conformism to deficiencies in their environment; recurrent architectural kitsch; crowding and overload; lack of emotional stimulation; little spatial flexibility; limited user participation opportunities and lack of place attachment. This leads to the conclusion that low-cost and social housing are priority areas that demand urgent attention by architects to prevent environmental numbness.

The future of any country depends on the strength or weakness Hrdvrh politicians and rulers of the country. customs prevalent among these people were brought up differently from other land in the form of government. The authoritarian government was led Iran ideal shape so that other countries in the Shdndkh authors describe the characteristics of their work. has been. In the meantime, writers such as Montesquieu and Voltaire's ability to read the travelogues of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that's ideal to portray in their work. In this paper, relying on evidence from the writings of foreign travelers such as Chardin, Tavernier, who have tried without bias, based on the influence of Montesquieu, a philosopher of the eighteenth century, and discuss the impact of these works on the theory of geographic and climatic conditions the formation of a government in which Montesquieu believed that, too. Also, to answer the question that Montesquieu relying on the evidence of Iran's authoritarian government Nshytgrfth the climate is hot and k

Background: Leptin is an adipokine made by fat cells and plays a key role in proliferation, cell survival, migration and immune response. Several studies have suggested that individuals with high serum leptin concentrations would increase the risk of breast cancer. G -2548A polymorphism in the leptin gene is located in the promoter region and is associated with the change of leptin serum level. In this study, the association between G -2548A polymorphism in leptin gene and breast cancer susceptibility was investigated. Methods: This case-control study was done on 374 Iranian women. This study was performed from March 2013 to February 2013. Blood samples from 203 women with breast cancer and 171 age (±5)- matched healthy women were collected. Breast cancer patients were selected from Namazi Hospital in Shiraz city. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples. The G -2548A polymorphism of leptin gene was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Data analysis was performed by SPSS version 18. Logistic regression analysis was used for association of breast cancer susceptibility and G -2548A polymorphism of leptin gene. Results: The A allele frequency was 60% in control group and 72% in breast cancer patients. There was a significant association between A allele in -2548 position of leptin gene and breast cancer susceptibility (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3-2.4, P

 Nowadays, Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) emerged as a new class of low cost solar cells that affordable to convert light energy into electrical energy and also they are known as the third generation of solar cells founded on nano structured thin films. Titanium dioxide usually plays as the semiconductor for transmission of excited electrons from dye to the counter electrode (cathode). During one cycle of electron transfer, which electrolyte plays an important role in the electron transportation, electrons will return to the excited dye molecules. This phenomenon practically presents the sunlight conversion into electricity by solar cells. In this project eggplant was used as a natural source of dye for fabrication of DSSC. Dye extraction was performed by suitable solvent and its purification was conducted by Solid Phase Extraction columns. The electrochemical evaluation and final efficiency measurement of fabricated cells were carried out by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy method which is well known as a powerful and non destructive technique in studying of charge transfer on the surface of nano structured electrodes.

Having diffusion identity can have undesirable consequences both for the individual and society. To reduce or even avoid these undesirable consequences, steps can be taken as to interfere in the process of identity formation and even after its formation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of logo therapy on improving an individual's identity. The study sample consisted of students who suffered diffusion identity. For identification and sampling some 500 male students from the University of Tehran were randomly selected, using the identity test and Bennion Adams (1987) test. The subjects were undergraduate students studying in the academic year 2010-2011 with the mean age of 21 years of old. Some 12 people with diffusion of identity problem and willing to participate in the program were selected to participate in therapy sessions. Out of the number, 3 people did not participate in group therapy sessions nor completed sensational trials. Therefore, just nine patients participated in full sessions. The program consisted of 12 group therapy sessions and the 90-minute logo therapy tests were conducted on the group. In the experimental and control groups, no significant differences in terms of identity diffusion were observed, but after logo therapy, the results of the test groups were significantly different from the other. In the experimental group, pre-test and post-test results were significantly different from one another, but in the control group, there was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test. Logo therapy's group was able to identify people who are upset on the identification of individuals for help.

Abstract Verb is one the important categories and main elements of sentence which is sometimes divided in similar types in Arabic and Persian. One of the main types of verb existed in both languages is passive verb. Although this appellation is apparently common in both languages, it seems passive verbs are completely equivalent in both languages but since passive verb in the Persian language has been discussed from different aspects compared with Arabic, in this article we are looking for some answers to these questions that if we can find other structures apart from passive structure which are accounted as passive in their meanings? Which kind of relationship is there between grammatical and semantic structures of passive verb in both languages? What are grammatical and semantic differences and similarities of passive verb in Persian and Arabic languages? The results of this survey decreased translation errors of students. We also state this example as a result of this research that, not only there is an auxiliary verb in both languages is investigated as a passive-maker but also, there are some planar verbs in both languages and also voice changes are occurred in addition to inflection changes.

 Abstract Verb is one the important categories and main elements of sentence which is sometimes divided in similar types in Arabic and Persian. One of the main types of verb existed in both languages is passive verb. Although this appellation is apparently common in both languages, it seems passive verbs are completely equivalent in both languages but since passive verb in the Persian language has been discussed from different aspects compared with Arabic, in this article we are looking for some answers to these questions that if we can find other structures apart from passive structure which are accounted as passive in their meanings? Which kind of relationship is there between grammatical and semantic structures of passive verb in both languages? What are grammatical and semantic differences and similarities of passive verb in Persian and Arabic languages? The results of this survey decreased translation errors of students. We also state this example as a result of this research that, not only there is an auxiliary verb in both languages is investigated as a passive-maker but also, there are some planar verbs in both languages and also voice changes are occurred in addition to inflection changes. Â

Background & Objectives: Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the effects of acute resistance exercises on the structure and the function of heart, but little works done on effects of chronic resistance exercises. So, the objective of current study was to investigate the long term effect of regular exercises on cardiac function and oxidative stress. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats in the weight range of 250- 300 g were used in this study. They were divided in 2 following groups: The 3 months exercises test group and control group which remained without exercises. Regular resistive exercise was carried out according to the model proposed by Tamaki et al. Test group rats exercised for three months. Finally the hearts of 10 rats in each group were taken for homogenization, oxidative stress measurement and the other ten were examined for heart function. Malondialdhyde as an index of oxidative stress and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxides and catalase as an indicator of antioxidant capacity with special kits were specifically measured. Results: Regular resistive exercise didn't significantly affect the rats' weight, but heart weight in exercise group showed a significant increase (p

According to the teachings of the Holy Quran, purification (tazkīyah) and education (ta’līm) are the two basic principles for the discipline of human beings, out of which purification is of a higher significance. Knowledge resembles some seeds the growth of which requires a suitable ground and purification serves as the ground for a perfect growth of such seeds without which knowledge will be partial and insufficient or even misleading. This study uses an analytic-descriptive methodology to review the Quranic verses concerning purification and education and the significance and the relation between these two Quranic concepts.

Objective: Stuttering is a fairly common speech disorder. However, the etiology is poorly understood and is likely to be heterogeneous. The aim of this research is to investigate phonological encoding complexity on speech fluency in 6-9 year old stuttering children in comparison with non-stutterers in Tehran. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive analytic research was done on 18 stuttering children with profound and severe level and 18 non-stuttering children. The stuttering subjects were selected by convenience and normal subjects were matched to stuttering subjects by gender, age and geographics. A non-word test comprising 87 non-words was used to investigate phonological encoding and phonological complexity effects on speech fluency. Stimuli were presented in random order with approximately 5 seconds between items, using a computer via external Toshiba SOMIC SM-818 headphone and requested subject was asked to repeat them. Results: The results indicated that speech fluency decreased significantly (P

Background & Objective: Cytokines are immune system factors known to play a key role in both HCV clearance and the development of infection the impact of host genetic factors on the clinical outcome of HCV infection has not been elucidated. On the other hand, the impact of Genetic changes like Single nucleotide polymorphisms on expression rate and function of Cytokine is under study. The aim of the present study was to compare TGF-B cytokine gene polymorphisms associated with the susceptibility to HCV infection. Materials & Methods: In this case-control study population composed of 125 individuals infected with HCV and 125 healthy controls. Genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP and the distribution of the TGF-B1 Gene 915 G>C polymorphism was compared in these groups. For confirmation of RFLP results, 10% of samples were genotyped by direct sequencing. Results: The frequency of the TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms at position 915 in the HCV patients was GG (92%), GC(8%), CC(0%) and in the healthy controls was GG (89.6%), GC(8.8%),CC(1.6%), respectively. Allele frequency in the patients was G(96%),C(4%) and in the controls was G(94%)and C(6%).Statistically, there was no significant difference in genotype or allele frequency between the HCV patients and the control group. Conclusion: Distribution of genotypes in the HCV patients was similar to the results of some other studies, but the frequency of genotypes in the healthy controls of this study was different from the results in studies carried out in populations out of Iran. In conclusion, we can not consider TGF-B1 Gene 915 G>C polymorphism as an increasing or decreasing factor for susceptibility to HCV infection in our studied population.