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Markets have been one of the most essential spaces in the urban body, which have received much attention from many audiences and have high dynamics. The present study aims to identify the indicators of the sensory preference components affecting the sense of place attachment of users in the historical Bazaar of Tabriz to pave the ground for survival and permanence and enhance the link between the architectural heritage and its users. This paper is applied in terms of purpose and conducted by descriptive survey method in terms of nature in the historical Bazaar of Tabriz (Iran). The data collection measures include documentary studies and written sources, objective observations, field studies, and questionnaires (384). SPSS 20 and Amos 24 software were applied to analyze each variable's main components. The study results show that 75% of the variability of the place sense can be predicted based on the variables of sensory preferences. The auditory variables include human voice, music sound, mechanical sound, artificial smell, natural smell, touch, including functional and instrumental, and vision, consisting of coherence, complexity, and mystery, which are significant at less than 0.05. The present research helps designers and urban planners solve the problems of the relationship between humans and the environment from a psychological perspective. This improves such spaces' environmental and social quality, survival, and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

floodways are one of the components of cities that act as natural drainage and protect the city from the risk of destruction by discharging runoff from torrential rains. Today, city managers try to take advantage of this natural capacity and plant trees, install urban furniture, create walking and cycling paths, etc. to create a fun and fresh environment and strengthen the sense of place of citizens to Increase their belonging and attachment to the environment and reduce the pressures of living in an urban environment. But in the meantime, care must always be taken that this double operation does not lead to a change in the basis and structure of the floodway and does not take it out of the initial user circuit. In the southern part of the city of Najafabad, there was a natural floodway that the municipality tried to organize and use more by implementing a plan. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze this plan based on the relationship between natural and human components of local identity and sensibility. This applied research has been done using library, field and survey methods and relying on descriptive and inferential statistics obtained from 360 questionnaires in the form of SPSS20 software. The results show that in the implementation of this plan, more attention has been paid to the human components than the natural components. Since the sense of attachment to place formed in citizens is also more related to the human components, this implicitly indicates a kind of neglect of the natural use of this issue, which can lead to the formation of future risks.

Introduction The weakening nature of the place is one of the most important challenges facing contemporary cities. The contemporary citizen faces spaces without meaning and identity that have not yet turned into places. This is more important in new urban settlements, due to the lack of historical, identity, and existence backgrounds. The subject of this case study, the Qods district, located in the city of Qom, Iran, which suffers from disturbances in various aspects, is an example of new urban developments that require attention. The purpose of this research is to measure and analyze the importance of the components of the sense of place in the Qods district, to answer the following questions: What are the indicators of achieving a sense of place in the Qods district as a new urban development? How can one evaluate the effects of each component of the sense of place on the Qods settlement residents? Theoretical Framework The term sense of place denotes people’s attachment and relation to the place, or the structure of feeling, as some have put it (Agnew, 1987, cited in Arefi, 1999: 180). Experts have held relatively similar viewpoints regarding the components of the sense of place and its indicators. In large part, most of these opinions have confirmed the physical environment, activity, and perception as the three main components. According to Shamai (1991), the sense of place consists of three phases. The first phase concerns belonging to a place, the middle phase is attachment to a place, and the final phase is commitment to a place (Shamai, 1991: 349). Hummon (1992) describes five levels of the sense of place, or place attachment, as follows: uncommitted placelessness, relativity, place alienation, divided rootedness, and cohesive rootedness (Cross, 2001: 10). As a result of the interdisciplinary nature of the concept of sense of place, numerous experts and schools of thought have offered various perspectives that can be said to have a lot of similarities and few differences. Different experts such as sociologists, geographers, environmental psychologists, anthropologists, architects, and urban planners have addressed the concept of sense of place in different ways in their studies. Among the numerous kinds of research conducted in different countries in the past half-century, most of the academic studies have been focused on conceptual analysis and formulation of theoretical models on the one hand and on evaluation of this category in different scales on the other. Methodology This research was conducted through a mixed paradigm and a descriptive-analytical method. The data collection tools were library-documentary studies, and the population included 245 residents of the Qods district. The data analysis tools involved two descriptive and inferential analyzes using the statistical methods of Structural Equation Modeling and Pearson correlation test, implemented in the SPSS 23 and Amos Graphics 26 software. The conceptual model of this research consisted of 3 main components, i.e. form, activity, and perception, 12 indicators, and 45 sub-indices. Results and Discussion The results obtained from the second-order factor analysis model in this research indicate which of the components affecting the sense of place in the residents of the Qods district has a greater weight and effect in the induction of this concept to the residents. Based on the research findings, among the 3 identified components, 12 indicators, and 45 relevant sub-indicators, the functional-activity, perceptual-semantic, and physical-visual components, in that order, exhibit greater weights in the evaluation of the sense of place from the perspective of the Qods district inhabitants. Among the variables observed in the assumed model of this research, the factors of invitation, social participation, motivation, land use, and activity have greater weights in the specification of the residents’ sense of place. Moreover, the correlation between the conceptual components of the research indicates that there is a significant relationship between the three components of the sense of place in the residents of the Qods district. Furthermore, the measurement of the fitness of the conceptual model of the research, according to the indicators of structural equations, demonstrates that the model is desirable. Conclusion The following can be stated in response to the first research question as the indicators of achieving a sense of place in the Qods district as a new urban development: indicators of identity and authenticity, motivation, and mental image (in the perceptual-semantic component), indicators of land use and activity, accessibility, urban furniture, invitation, social participation, and safety-security (in the functional-activity component), and indicators of visual coherence, construction form, and visual richness (in the physical-visual component). In response to the second research question, the greater importance and weight of the functional-activity component than the perceptual and visual components indicates that if urban management pays more attention to the residents’ functional and social needs, the indicators of this component, as the most important factor in the induction of a sense of place, will have a greater impact. Moreover, the inferential analysis of the structural equation modeling in the evaluation of the indicators confirms that many indicators have received less attention in the Qods district, while these indicators can be effective on the residents’ continuity and satisfaction, their sense of attachment to the place of residence, and fulfillment of their mental expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current research was to identify the key factors that are effective in improving the quality of the educational environment's architecture in order to increase the motivated presence of students in such environment and as a result to strengthen the academic efficiency. It was a qualitative research. The research population included the valid scientific researches, published between 1980 up to 2019, on motivating students at schools and the behavioral, physical and psychological components influential on improving the quality of the environment. At first, using the keywords "educational environment", "school", "academic efficiency", "evasion of education", "architectural structure" etc… and based on the entry criteria, 362 scientific researches were identified. Then, considering the exclusion criteria, 59 articles were included in the final analysis stage. To analyze the documents qualitatively, Roberts' six-stage research synthesis model was applied, using "MAXQDA10" line-by-line coding methods. Finally, the following key factors were identified including: 1. behavioral-satisfaction, 2. psychological- sense of belonging to the place, and 3. physical - the architectural structure. Also, the conceptual model of key factors influential on improving the quality of educational environments was developed.

Place and the sense of attachment to a place are among the topics that are considered in this study in which people are shown to have internal relationship with the environment. In fact, the feeling of belonging and attachment to a place play a decisive role in any situation and space, in order to benefit and maintain human presence there. This sense leads to the connection in such a way that man considers himself as a part of the place. The spatial attachment is a relationship of belonging and identity to the environment in which one lives. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to achieve the effective factors in the formation of a sense of attachment, by recognizing the characteristics of the place. This research is qualitative in nature and is conducted with an existential phenomenological approach in which three types of informal (conversational) and semi-structured interviews and in-depth (structured) interviews are used as data tools. Findings show that two categories of factors can be effective in the sense of attachment of residents to the house: external dialectic and factors that are related to the outside of the house (i.e., the quality of the exterior appearance of the house; neighborhood reputation and security) and internal dialectics factors that are related to inside (i.e. ownership; quality of comfort; physical quality of the house; neighborhood satisfaction and positive emotional relationships). These two categories influence the formation of residents' attachment to house i.e. "human-house interaction" and have been identified as the core of research. In the phenomenological approach, the sense of belonging means the inter-relationship between human and the environment, which includes all indicators.

Sense of place is a factor that transforms the space into a place with special behavioral and emotional characteristics for people. This sense can lead to pro-environmental behavior. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to assess the sense of place of local people and tourists in Cheshme Belgheis Garden of Choram and its relation to their pro-environmental behaviors. The research population of the study consisted of local people who were located at least 20 km from the garden and tourists who visited the Cheshme Belgheis Garden of Choram. The sample of the study included 96 local people and 96 tourists who visited the garden during the period of the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was obtained by performing a single study and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for all seven different sense levels (0.80 to 0.90 ), indicating the desired reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed that both local people (3.93) and tourists (3.61) are at a desirable level in terms of sense of place and pro-environmental behavior. The results of comparing the means between the two groups of tourists and hosts also indicated that there is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of place sense. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in pro-environmental behavior. The results showed that there was no correlation between pro-environmental behavior and the sense of place of the two target groups. Finally considering the results of the study, some suggestions have been provided to improve the condition of the garden.

The aim of this study was to explain the components of sense of place and to identify the relationship between its variables for the purpose of improving the quality of treatment space in terms of the architectural structure, attention to natural elements, and taking into account the sensory factors. The present study is fundamental in terms of purpose, and is presented by the method of content analysis and examining the views of theorists and analyzing the intervening components of the variables of sense of place, psychotherapy and depression. Findings indicated the direct effect of sense of place components in designing treatment spaces and mutual sensory perceptions of individuals and the environment. In this regard, the patient can be influenced by creative beauty in search of meaning and motivation in life in order to achieve mastery of his mental recovery. The findings suggested that we will consider a technique to foster emotional intelligence by describing the components of sense of place, and thus to build self-esteem and to minimize depression. A positive relationship between emotional states and improved patient sensory perceptions can be established in this context to enhance individual and social behavior.

IntroductionSocial resilience plays an important role in social sustainability and solidarity in the face of urban crises. In this regard, the present study tried to use a "descriptive-analytical" method through a questionnaire of 383 people to make a comparative analysis of the quality of social resilience components in the twenty-first and twenty-first districts of Tehran. Citizens' opinions were collected according to Cochran's formula by sampling and relative allocation based on population size. The results showed that the quality of realization and enjoyment of social resilience components in the three study areas was different based on multivariate analysis of variance 1, and the results showed that the public trust index in region one as one of the most prosperous areas of Tehran. And informal participation index in the twelfth region as one of the middle-class regions and the index of the sense of spatial belonging in the twentieth region as one of the low-income regions had more priority, but in analyzing the priority of resilience components in the three regions Fuzzy TOPSIS 2 model and in all three regions, the knowledge index with (zone one with 0.555 fuzzy weight) (zone twelve with 0.576 fuzzy weight) and (zone twenty with 0.6451 fuzzy weight) had the greatest impact, respectively. Has accepted. As a result, it was found that the strategy to promote social resilience in the metropolis of Tehran should be in line with increasing the level of awareness and citizenship skills in all three areas of Tehran. Increase citizens in intra-group and social organizations. Also, improving the sense of spatial belonging and social identity in low-income urban areas should be a priority, in order to achieve a homogeneous and sustainable social resilience in the metropolis of Tehran. Data and Method The present study has been carried out with applied purpose and descriptive-analytical methodology with the aim of comparative analysis of quality assessment of the realization of social resilience components in three areas 1, 12 and 20 of Tehran metropolis. To collect descriptive or theoretical information, content reading of basic scientific text documents (valid articles and books) was used and to collect analytical data, a survey method with a questionnaire was used. According to the main questions posed for the present study to answer and assess the differences in understanding and having social resilience indicators in selected areas of multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to answer how planning priorities to achieve the indicators Social resilience has been used in selected areas of Tehran metropolis Fuzzy TOPSIS model (FTOPSIS).Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the quality of realization and enjoyment of social resilience components in the three regions was different based on multivariate analysis of variance. The informal participation index in District 12 as one of the middle-class areas and the Index of Spatiality in District 20 as one of the lower areas had higher priority.In the analysis of the priority of resilience components in the three mentioned areas based on the fuzzy TOPSIS model and in all three areas of Tehran metropolis, it was found that the awareness index has received the most impact. Therefore, it is suggested that urban planners pay attention to the role of awareness in cultural development and increase citizenship literacy and associate cultural, media and educational institutions with urban development programs. Social skills, increasing awareness of risk reduction, and citizenship lifestyle issues enhanced the cultural development of cities, as well as the level of social resilience of all urban areas.ConclusionIn the present study, an attempt was made to study rich, relatively rich and low-income areas in the metropolis of Tehran by stratified sampling in terms of differences in having social resilience indicators and their priorities for realization in these areas. . Therefore, region1 was selected and studied as one of the prosperous regions, region 12 as one of the middle regions and region 20 as one of the socially inferior regions in Kalashahr, Tehran. The results showed that the quality of realization and enjoyment of social resilience components in the three regions was different based on multivariate analysis of variance. The informal participation index in District 12 as one of the middle-class areas and the Index of Spatiality in District 20 as one of the lower areas had higher priority, so it can be concluded that more urban culture development programs have the trust of low-income citizens. It has authority and the citizens of the middle and affluent classes in Tehran have less public trust in the goals of cultural and urban planning and their implementation by city and government managers. Also, the institutional trust of citizens in cultural and urban organizations and institutions is low. We see between cultural planning in the cities and strata of the middle and affluent class of Tehran, so attracting the trust of the middle and affluent classes of Tehran is one of the most important proposed strategies. And it is the duty of cultural creators and media managers to help city managers in increasing the public trust and institutional trust of the citizens of Tehran. Also, the level of citizen participation in urban development and management programs, especially in medium-sized urban areas such as District 12 is low, and the urban management system and structure of Tehran should be improved in favor of increasing formal and informal citizen participation and urban management models based on It is based on the participation of citizens, such as the model of urban governance in the metropolis of Tehran to be comprehensively developed and implemented. In the index of sense of spatial belonging, the feeling of satisfaction of the residents of region 1 is more than the 12th and 20th regions of Tehran, and the inhabitants of region 20 have less sense of spatial belonging, and this shows that Tehran And to create the citizenship relations of the residents between the middle, relatively rich and low-income classes of the city in a desirable way, and this causes a biological rift in the metropolis of Tehran, so paying attention to strengthening the sense of spatial belonging is also one of the strategies.However, in the analysis of the priority of resilience components in the three mentioned areas based on the fuzzy TOPSIS model and in all three areas of Tehran metropolis, it was found that the awareness index has received the most impact. Therefore, it is suggested that urban planners pay attention to the role of awareness in cultural development and increase citizenship literacy and associate cultural, media and educational institutions with urban development programs. Social skills, increasing awareness of risk reduction, and citizenship lifestyle issues enhanced the cultural development of cities, as well as the level of social resilience of all urban areas.Researchers and researchers in future studies can study the role and characteristics of resilience in achieving a sustainable urban ecosystem, especially in cities vulnerable to climate change. In the organizational dimension, media resilience and its relationship with cities can be a manifestation of future hypotheses for applied research.

Sense of place is a factor that transforms the space into a place with special behavioral and emotional characteristics for people. This sense can lead to pro-environmental behavior. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to assess the sense of place of local people and tourists in Cheshme Belgheis Garden of Choram and its relation to their pro-environmental behaviors. The research population of the study consisted of local people who were located at least 20 km from the garden and tourists who visited the Cheshme Belgheis Garden of Choram. The sample of the study included 96 local people and 96 tourists who visited the garden during the period of the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was obtained by performing a single study and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for all seven different sense levels (0.80 to 0.90), indicating the desired reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed that both local people (3.93) and tourists (3.61) are at a desirable level in terms of sense of place and pro-environmental behavior. The results of comparing the means between the two groups of tourists and hosts also indicated that there is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of place sense. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in pro-environmental behavior. The results showed that there was no correlation between pro-environmental behavior and the sense of place of the two target groups. Finally considering the results of the study, some suggestions have been provided to improve the condition of the garden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research studies the effects of overgrowth of urbanism on the sense of belonging to the residence block. In this research, the concept of urbanism has been studied by emphasize on Louis Wirth’s theory of Urbanism, theories of Chicago School, Milan and Chavis’s Sense of Community theory, Place Identity theory of Ralph and Raoulz and Kasadra and Janowitz ‘s Systemic Theory. The sense of belonging to place as a dependent variable consists of objective, subjective, cognitive and emotional dimensions. Districts 2, 13 and 22 of Tehran City were selected at random from the 22 districts of Tehran as statistical population of the research. The methodology of the research is survey by using questionnaire technique. The data was collected from 391 individuals in +20 years old defined as statistical population. Ultimately, the collected data was studied by using Correlation Coefficient Analysis, Variance Analysis Test and Multi-variable Regression Analysis. Some of the most important results obtained from correlation among variables indicate negative and significant correlation between urban life style, inclination to practice expanded relations in the city and attachment to urban places, with sense of belonging to place. In addition, positive and significant correlation was found between length of residence, ownership type of residential house and sense of belonging to the place. In the meantime, a significant relationship was found between the variables of age and income of the individuals’ subject of study and their sense of belonging to their residence place.

Sense of place which refers to emotional feeling of a person to a specific place and researchers concept of the environment is one of the important and key concepts in the human geography particularly cultural geography. This research studies and analyzes the quality of physical environment and sense of place among students of Shahid Beheshti University. The research method is of analytical-descriptive type and statistical society of this research is 5644 students of sub sets of human science group of Tehran Shahid Beheshti University. The theoretical framework of the research is based on documentary research and at the practical part , 400 students were selected using stratified random sampling. Findings showed that the variable of university position with a weighted average of 4.06 and relative weight of 0.27 among the fifteenth variables has the greatest effect on the place sense of the students and has been given the highest rating .Elements of the physical environment, such as suitable space for walking and wooded green space has designated the highest rank after the university location.

Theoretical trainings, especially in the fields of art & architecture in graduate programs, have lead to basic theories of experts in different branches of these disciplines that are often instructed in a linear and unidirectional knowledge order in the classrooms. The qualitative approach which was introduced for the first time as a research in Iran university of Science & Technology (IUST) based on one of the qualitative research methods in environmental perception called Phenomenology. The fundamental goal of this method is to understand the lived-experience which is regarded here as a direct & lived interaction of students with the built environment. Therefore, an issue discussed from the syllabus of the review of reflections’ classroom, with the central idea of architectural formation, was the position of the sense of place and its architectural understanding. Thus, the students lived in the place, experience it and communicated with it by their placement somewhere that they have not already experienced it in a way different from the mere study. The result which ultimately obtained from this experience was the understanding of the sense of place, which is going back to the relation between user and architecture, by graduate architecture students which have previously thought of themselves as they are in the position of a rational analyzer.

In recent years، much attention has been paid by different civil and architectural engineers and experts to the problems caused by the existence of a downward trend in civic communicability and reduction in the social sense of place. In the last few decades، the humanistic dimensions and social quality of space have also been taken into account by the designers and programmers. In this context، the present thesis has sought to examine the interactive roles of public spaces in social communicability and upgrading the sense of place. First، the downward trend of sense of place and incommunicability in modern public space has been considered and the importance of the issue has been evaluated based on different psychological and linguistic theories of environment. Therefore، in order to demonstrate the importance of the communicability principle، the present study has made use of the linguistic issues due to their emphasis on the skeletal elements in the design of an environment. On the other hand، using the psychological models، the behavioralsensual elements have been underscored so that the principle of communicability can be explained in the discussed design of the environment. Within a framework of the research hypothesis and based on the communication concept، different interactions regarding to such principles and the relationship among the interactive spaces have been realized as the interaction of spaces play a key role in the communicability. Therefore، the level of communicability can be demonstrated and evaluated based on the criteria such as function (type of application)، proximity (hierarchy)، and direction (communicable، incommunicable). The research is focused on the public spaces for meeting and gathering outside of the residential and business sites. These spaces are assumed to be accessible for the general community. Moreover، the spaces are supposed to encourage the people to have public interactions، while they are designed to open up some opportunities for general gathering and communication. Moreover، under this scenario، accessibility is further emphasized and privileged over the ownership or management of the social spaces. In our proposed protocol، traditional civil spaces with dipole (i.e.، reciprocal) attraction have been investigated. The importance of paying attention to these sets of construction can be explained by the fact that the discussed concept has a substantially fundamental place in the spatial understanding of the Islamic architecture of Iran. However، in the contemporary civil and architectural engineering، the extracted problem has mostly been ignored. While previous dipole structures are on the verge of destruction، no new structures have alternatively been formed. Consequently، due to their unipolar characteristics، the sites، which had been constructed with the original aim of social livelihood، have gradually changed into the uncivil and relatively secluded areas، which cannot attract the audiences and are shifted into the passing channels for the passengers. In the efficiency test of the research model، using the case-survey approach and analytical-descriptive method، twelve dipole religious-ritualistic civic and combinational (civic-ritualistic) sets have been analyzed. In religious and ritualistic sets، the spatial attraction is due to the pilgrimage facet، and hence the environmental perception is affected by emotional and religious factors. On the other hand، in the civic sets، due to the spatial diversity and plurality، different motivations can participate in further attraction of the audiences. In the combinational sets، the motivations behind the spatial presence change in proportion to the variations in the spatial applicability. Our obtained results are in conformity with the results of the studies arguing for the upgrading of social interactions in the general public spaces. Comparative investigation of the findings shows that interaction of polar spaces is highly effective in the absorption and encouragement of social and voluntary activities and despite the gradual changes in the function of the poles، directions، and adjacencies of the spaces، physical- performance renovation in segments or the whole is possible. Parameters such as the basis and background of two main poles، adjacency pattern، function adjustability، and the presence of minor activity-adsorbent poles can help in the enhancement of function and structural interactions in dipole spaces. Attention to the communicative art and visual aspects through the formation of consecutive function-space sights can increase the sense of place in civic areas through encouraging emotional reactions. Creation of interactive dipole structures and enhancement of sense of place through site-finding in local and civil scales is possible. Due to the inclusion of characteristics such as the complexity، secrecy، seclusion، and sense of belonging to the place، the experience of the presence in the dipole space has proved to be a memorable experience، and thus the repetition of this spatial presence is guaranteed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Place attachment is an intersection point between physical, activity, and subjective components in space and it changes the space to the place by specific sensory and behavioral characteristics of people. Urban squares with different semantic, functional and physical dimensions perform an important role in improving the quality of urban spaces. It should be taken into consideration that effective attachment factors in urban squares can play a great role in the desirability of contemporary squares. Due to the importance of attachment to the place for enhancing the quality of the environment, the present research has assessed the role of place attachment in creating desirable urban squares. To the same effect, urban designers with proper understanding of the changes in urban fabrics must take "place attachment dimensions" into account when drawing urban plans. This article is based on research findings about place attachment test in relation to one of the important squares in central Hamedan named Avicenna square. A Persian architectural monument that includes Avicenna's tomb, Bu-Ali Museum and its periphery landscape areas have made Avicenna square a suitable space that attracts people. This square is mostly characterized by a series of social events, the people of Hamedan, the native culture, the memories of previous experiences, the history of the place and its physical organization. The present research uses analytical and deductive approach. At first, it deals with the concept of place attachment and its relation with place identity. Afterwards and based on conceptual framework, it describes place attachment dimensions. In this regard, place attachment indicators have been extracted and then a case study has been carried out using various surveying methods, observation and statistical analysis. To secure an efficient mechanism for collection of data, 200 questionnaires with 20 variety questions in each were designed. With the statistical methods, the level of each variable was determined by their components. The research outputs in Avicenna's tomb square proved that attachment indicators which were assessed in this square are in the top levels. Accordingly, it was proved that the square identity and the related people imagination of this structure have been influenced by it. On this basis, attachment to Avicenna's tomb square is derived from experiences, behaviors, feeling and social organization of people. The respondents indicated numerous factors involved in the place attachment feeling. They included feelings and emotions towards the square, sense of honor and pride and sense of belonging. The levels of these factors in place attachment had a direct relation to the period of stay and visiting the place. It can be said about the functional and spatial factors of Avicenna square that citizens and visitors, have imagined square as a meaningful and enjoyable place where they had a sense of security and calm. These accordingly had a great impact on creating satisfaction between citizens. Furthermore, with regards to the semantic factors of Avicenna's tomb square factors such as present signs, symbols, as well as its social and cultural structures play an important role in improving the level of attachment to this square. This paper has argued that there is a direct relationship between place attachment and place identity. Therefore, among the main factors of attachment to Avicenna's square; Avicenna's tomb with its artistic architecture in the center of square, convenient access to the square, suitable environment elements such as trees and green spaces, commercial and daily spaces around the square, perfect location of the square in the center of the city, appropriate objective and subjective views of the square are more important than others. Thus, it can be concluded that the physical structure and certain activities associated with the structure influence people's imagination of place. Creating emotional and social concepts have contributed to identity and place continuity, while the social and cultural relations, people's historical memory and their personal experiences have contributed to enhancing emotional attachment to the place. By generalizing the results of this research in relation to emotional components and its role in urban squares, it can be said that for a place attachment to exist, it is necessary for the public to have a sense of comfort and calmness as well as individual and collective memories. It can also be said about the functional characteristics in squares and their impacts on improving attachments to urban squares that their present activities and their physiological, vital and economic requirements are the main factors in developing attachment to the place. Also with regards to the semantic attachment, the results were argued that occurrence of semantics and concepts in the urban squares depend on personal and collective experiences of people. This point strongly have been influenced by frequent visits to the square, checking people's social interaction with each other, evaluating the sense of pride to the place (place identity), examining the position of the square and its spatial and architectural features. Results of this research can provide appropriate strategy for an ideal square designing in contemporary cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identity preservation in the design of the built environment and trying to manifested in today buildings of the most important objectives in architecture, because the most important factor is the transfer of identity among the citizens. However, the process of globalization has reduced the possibility of local identity and has led to a crisis of identity and meaning in contemporary architecture. That its consequences include lack of confidence, lack of belonging to the place and generally psychological shortcomings. Therefore, in this study, we used Descriptive analytic and Exploratory scrolling To find effective variables in promoting identity and increasing citizens’ sense of belonging based on library research and using questionnaire. For final confirmation of hypotheses semi-structured interviews with 11 specialists in architecture and urbanism And a survey of 407 citizens from Guilan were conducted. And finally we analyzed w the responses by Spss software and by using the Pearson correlation test, variance and the regression. The relationship between Independent variables extractive and the dependent variable was analyzed and ranked by the theoretical model and design principles. According to the research findings, with permeability, Sensory richness attention to the facades of buildings, Native symbols and signs, Readability in physical form and considering the background in the design, can result in Improvement the identity of the society and increase the citizens’ sense of belonging.