Search

Background and purpose: Melasma is a common skin pigmentation disorder that manifests as hyperpigmented macules and patches. Genetic predisposition, sun exposure, and pregnancy are known risk factors for melasma. Previous studies have suggested that thyroid disorders may be associated with melasma. Given the fact that vitamin D affects and stimulates the production of melanin by melanocytes, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid disorders and serum level of vitamin D with melasma in female patients attending Qaemshahr Razi Hospital and Sari Bouali-Sina Hospital. Materials and methods: In this study, 80 people were divided into melasma group (n=40) and control group (n=40). They were matched for sex and age. Serum levels of TSH, Anti-TPO, T3, T4, and Vit D were measured in both groups. The standard mMASI score was used to measure the clinical severity of pigmentation in patients with melasma. Results: The prevalence of thyroid abnormalities and serum levels of vitamin D were seen in 50% and 47.5% of patients with melasma and 27.5% and 40% of the control group, respectively. Examination of thyroid hormone and vitamin D levels showed that T3 level was significantly higher in case group (P

Background & aim: Lead is a heavy metal that enters the body as an environmental contaminant through the gastrointestinal tract or respiratory tract. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aqueous alcoholic extract of Parsley leaf (Petroselinum crispum) on pituitary-thyroid hormones in adult male rats following lead acetate poisoning. Methods: The present experimental study was conducted in 2020 at the Islamic Azad University, Kazeron Branch. Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were included in the study, which were divided into 6 groups of 8, including control and control groups (solvent treatment). Four experimental groups were treated with 200 mg / kg lead acetate, 200 mg / kg parsley leaf extract and simultaneously treated with lead acetate and 100 and 200 mg / kg parsley leaves. All prescriptions were performed by gavage for 21 days. Finally, after anesthesia of mice and blood sampling from animal hearts, serum levels of T4, T3 and TSH hormones were measured by ELISA method. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results: The results indicated that serum levels of lead acetate T4 and T3 increased in animals receiving lead acetate and TSH showed a significant decrease at the level of p

Background: Taraxacum Officinale is a medical plant with antioxidant benefit effects. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of Taraxacum Officinale alcoholic extract on serum thyroid hormone levels in adult male rat. Material and Methods: In this experimental study,45 adult male wistar rats were approximate average weight body of 200-250 gr were divided in to 5 groups of 9. Control ,sham ,and three experimental groups which received 50,100,150mg/kg of Taraxacum Officinale alcoholic extract by used gavage method. After this period (14 days) blood sample were collected and after measuring the amount of thyroid hormones of T3,T4,TSH hormones, data were analyzed by using SPSS software , ANOVA and t-test. Results: The results showed that body weight average and serum level of T4 hormone in receiving maximum dose of Taraxacum Officinale alcoholic extract showed significant decrease comparing to control group. T3 serum level in experimental groups receiving Taraxacum Officinale alcoholic extract didn't show any significant difference comparing to control group. TSH serum level in experimental groups receiving Taraxacum Officinale alcoholic extract showed significant decrease comparing to control group (p

Background: Thyroid is an important organ with special function in metabolism of drugs. Primidone is a drugs for treatment of some patients including epilepsy. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect Primidone on thyroid hormones function including T3,T4 and TSH and histological changes of thyroid newborn male rats. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 newborn male rats wistar strain divided into 5 group of 8 .The newborns were taken from pregnant mothers divided to the control group, the sham group and three experimental groups that received 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg b.w. primidone in the pregnancy period for 21 days orally. In 25 days after parturition, the newborns weighted and T3,T4 and TSH hormone assay. The newborns thyroid tissue evaluated by H&E histological staining methods. Results: Body weight and thyroid weight in different experimental groups show did not significant difference compared to the control group. Concentration of TSH and T3 hormones in different experimental groups show did not significant difference compared to the control group. Also, serum level of T4 hormone in experimental groups 2,3 show a significant decrease compared to the control group. In tissue tissue samples with increasing doses of the drug was observed more necrosis. Conclusion: Primidone has destructive effects on Thyroid gland.

Background and Objectives: Studies have shown that changes in the serum levels of sex hormones can influence thyroid gland function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of decreased testosterone after orchidectomy on the serum level of thyroid hormones in male rats. Methods: In this laboratory experimental study, Wistar rats were divided into 7-animal groups, including control, sham, unilateral orchidectomized, and bilateral orchidectomized. After 10 weeks, blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture method and serum levels of T3, T4, and TSH, testosterone, and DHEA, were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA statistical test. Results: Serum testosterone level significantly decreased in orchidectomized (unilateral and bilateral) rats compared to the control group (p

Introduction:An association have been reported between diesel exhaust and endocrine disorders in several studies. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of diesel exhaust on serum levels of T3, T4 and testosterone in male rats. Methods: In this laboratory experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided to 4 groups (6 series) consisting of the control group and groups exposed to 1, 4 and 8 hours daily diesel exhaust. After 10 weeks, blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture method and the levels of T3, T4 and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay following the serum collection. The study data were statically analyzed using ANOVA. Results: T3, T4 and testosterone serum levels did not significantly change in rats exposed to diesel exhaust for 1h/day compared to control rats, whereas these serum levels significantly increased in group exposed for 8h/day compared to control animals (P

Background and Objective: Thyroid hormones have a key role in regulation of metabolism and function of the tissues. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of Portulaca Oleracea on serum level of thyroid hormones in hypercholestrolemic rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 60 adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into six groups including: control group with normal diet, fat diet group with high fat diet and interventional groups were received high fat diet and alcoholic extract of Portulaca Oleracea with maximum dose (800 mg/kg/bw), moderate dose (400 mg/kg/bw), minimum dose (200 mg/kg/bw) intraperitoneally for 21 days and finally, animals in atorvastatin group were received high fat diet with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/bw, intraperitoneally) for 21 days. After the end of this period, T3, T4, TSH and total cholesterol measured for each animal. Results:Serum level of T3 and T4 in the experimental groups which were received Portulaca Oleracea extract and atorvastatin group significantly increased in compared to controls (P

Background & aim: Studies show that amphetamines can influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Shisheh (met-amphetamine) on serum levels of T3, T4 and TSH in male rats. Methods: In this laboratory experimental study 25 male Wistar rats were randomly divided to control, saline receiving, 2mg/kg, 4mg/kg, and 6mg/kg of Shisheh receiving groups of 5 rats in each. The injection was carried out intraperitoneally once a week for 6 weeks. After serum collection, T3, T4 and TSH levels were measured using ELFA method and the data were statically analyzed using ANOVA. Results: Serum level of T3 and T4 was not significantly changed in rats receiving 2mg/kg of Shisheh compared with control animals. Serum level of T3 and T4 was signifintly increased in animals receiving 4mg/kg and 6mg/kg dose of Shisheh compared with the control rats (P

Background and Aim: Female pattern hair loss(female androgenic alopecia) is a common but puzzling condition in women which increases by aging. Female hair loss is strongly linked to hormones and hormonal imbalances. The aim of this study was to determine the serum level of hormones such as T4, TSH, free testosterone, Prolactin(PRL) and Alb, SHBG in women(15-50 years old) with hair loss versus those without hair loss. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional case-control study, 71 women with hair loss and 70 normal women were selected from skin and hair care day clinics. The level of hormones and SHBG were measured by ELISA, and Alb was measured by spectrophotometery. Data were analyzed by independent t-test. Results: After analyzing the data and determining the levels of TSH, T4, Prolactin, Alb, SHBG, no significant difference was found between the case and control groups. However, free Testosterone level was significantly different between patients and controls(P= 0.000), with a higher mean level in the case group(patients). Conclusion : Since androgens have a major role in regulating the biological cycle of hair in women and since there was a significant difference between free testosterone in patient and control groups, we suggest that the serum level of free testosterone should be measured in women with androgenic alopecia .

Background and Objectives: Silver nanoparticles with excellent antimicrobial effects and increasing consumption in different industries are the most widely used nanoparticles and so it is necessary to evaluate the safety of their use. This study has examined the effects of time and consumption dose of these particles on rats of Vistar race.Methods: 36 Vistar race rats after 4 weeks equalization period divided into 6 groups (one control and five tests) and were received 95ppm, 65ppm, 35ppm, 20ppm, 5ppm concentrations of silver nano (Nanocid L2000) solution from NANONASB-E-PARS CO. as water. After 3 & 6 months 3 animals of each group were selected and hormonal parameters were determined by CLIA method, Hb and HCT was measured by common Med. Lab. Kits and blood cells counted by H1 equipment. Finally, results were processed by one-side variance and tukey's test.Results: The results indicated that white blood cells counting show meaningful dose dependent decreasing in number of these cells. No tangible change was seen on counting of red blood cells and the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit parameters. Also blood cortisol & T4 level of dependent dose decreased and Testosterone increased meaningfully. Water uptake index increasing happened in meaningful and dose dependent manner. Ketone bodies appeared in rats' urine that had eaten high doses of silver nano. Conclusion: WBC count decreasing after oral consumption of silver nano particles show cell apoptosis and immunity lowering. Also the particles have no effect on bone marrow function indexes. On the other hand, lowering the function of adrenal gland, hypothyroidism, increasing in sexual hormone level are side effects of these particles consumption. In addition, increasing in Water Uptake Index and urine volume can be for high blood pressure or kidney failure caused by these particles.

Background and Objectives: Silver nanoparticles with excellent antimicrobial effects and increasing consumption in different industries are the most widely used nanoparticles and so it is necessary to evaluate the safety of their use. This study has examined the effects of time and consumption dose of these particles on rats of Vistar race. Methods: 36 Vistar race rats after 4 weeks equalization period divided into 6 groups (one control and five tests) and were received 95ppm, 65ppm, 35ppm, 20ppm, 5ppm concentrations of silver nano (Nanocid L2000) solution from NANONASB-E-PARS CO. as water. After 3 & 6 months 3 animals of each group were selected and hormonal parameters were determined by CLIA method, Hb and HCT was measured by common Med. Lab. Kits and blood cells counted by H1 equipment. Finally, results were processed by one-side variance and tukeychr('39')s test. Results: The results indicated that white blood cells counting show meaningful dose dependent decreasing in number of these cells. No tangible change was seen on counting of red blood cells and the level of hemoglobin and hematocrit parameters. Also blood cortisol & T4 level of dependent dose decreased and Testosterone increased meaningfully. Water uptake index increasing happened in meaningful and dose dependent manner. Ketone bodies appeared in ratschr('39') urine that had eaten high doses of silver nano. Conclusion: WBC count decreasing after oral consumption of silver nano particles show cell apoptosis and immunity lowering. Also the particles have no effect on bone marrow function indexes. On the other hand, lowering the function of adrenal gland, hypothyroidism, increasing in sexual hormone level are side effects of these particles consumption. In addition, increasing in Water Uptake Index and urine volume can be for high blood pressure or kidney failure caused by these particles.

Abstract As rapeseed meal production is increasing in IRAN, this research is designed to investigate the possibility of replacing soybean meal with rapeseed meal as well as the anti nutrient effects of rapeseed meal in broiler diet. In this research rapeseed meal in five different levels 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% was used in the ration of broilers in place of soybean meal. The study was conducted on 500 one-day old chicks by completely randomized design (CRD) with 2×5 factorial arrangement and 4 replicates and 25 birds in each replicate. The birds were fed with experimental diet for 8 weeks. At the end of eight weeks, one male and one female bird were randomly selected from each replicate and slaughtered and the heart, liver, and pancreas were taken for examination. While slaughtering a sample of their blood was also collected to measure the level of T3 and T4 hormones. The results showed that the use of rapeseed meal didn’t have a significant effect on secretion of T3 and T4 hormones, heart weight, and pancreas weight percentage. With the increase in consumption of rapeseed meal the liver weight percent was increased significantly (p

The aim of this study was to show the effect of four feeding regimes on thyroid hormones concentrations, growth performance and food coefficient in Rainbow Trout applied through 4 treatments and 3 replications in winter 2006. In this research, samples of rainbow trout with an initial mean weight (SO) 47.19±0.42 used in each rearing unite. Fish were fed twice a day ad libitum as follows: Treatment A (TA): which was the control treatment; Continues feeding, Treatment B (TB): 4 weeks of starvation and 5 weeks of re-feeding, Treatment C (TC): 3 weeks of starvation and 5 weeks of re-feeding, and Treatment 0 (TO): 2 weeks of starvation and 5 weeks of re-feeding. Indexes like food coefficient ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), daily food intake and thyroid hormones (T3, T4) were also examined during the experiment. Blood samples were taken for thyroid hormones concentration at the beginning of the experiment and at the end of the starvation and every 12 days in re-feeding periods. TB and TC had significant difference (P0.05). There were no significant differences between the treatments in FCR (P>0.05). T3 concentration came down in comparison with the control treatment at the end of the starvation (day 29) (P

Introduction & Objectives: Peganum harmala from the Jigo Phalluses family has compounds such as: alkaloid,saponine steroid and lignin which is used as a traditional medicine witht antibacterial, anti tumor, inhibition of MAO enzyme, and stimulation of the nerve system. It also serves as a modulator to endocrine activities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala on plasma levels of pituitary-thyroid’s hormones of adult rats. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, which was conducted at Yasuj University of Medical sciences in 2009, 50 adult Mala rats with the approximate weight of 260+30 grams were divided into 5 groups: the control group, the sham group, and 3 experimental groups. The control group did not take any medicine. The sham group received 1 mL of distilled water daily for 17 consecutive days. The experimental groups took 90 mg/kg, 180mg/kg, or 270 mg/kg of Peganum harmala extract daily respectively for 17 consecutive days. In the 18th day, by collecting the blood samples of the animals, plasma level of TSH, T4, and T3 was measured using radioimmunoassay method. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: This study revealed that the minimum and maximum dose of the Peganum harmala extract reduces the TSH level and average and maximum dose of the extract significantly reduces the level of T4 and T3 in rats. Conclusion: results of this study indicate that by further study the Peganum harmala extract might be used for treatment hyperthyroidism. However further study is needed to explore this concept.

Introduction: Endemic goiter due to iodine deficiency is one of the health problems in the developing countries. Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 109 schoolboys and 92 schoolgirls, aged between 6 and 18 years in Rafsanjan city were selected randomly by proportionate-multistage cluster sampling method. All the students underwent clinical examination for presence of goiter according to criteria recommended by WHO, and urinary iodine excretion, T4, FTI and TSH were measured. Results: The point Prevalence rate of goiter in boys and girls were 71.6% and 55.6%, respectively. Prevalence rates of Grade I and II were 51.3% and 12.9%, respectively. Urinary iodine excretion was normal in 68.1% (>10 μg/dl) mild in 30.6% (5-9.9 μg/dl) and moderate in 1.3% (2.1-4.9 μg/dl). Of 68.1% of schoolchildren with normal urinary iodine, 56.9% showed different grades of goiter. There was no relation between goiter stages and urinary iodine deficiency (P>0.05). T4, FTI and TSH in 96% of schoolchildren were normal. In 3%, TSH levels were more than the normal range (>3.5 μU/ml) and in 1%, T4 concentration was less than the normal range (0.05). Conclusion: With respect to the fact that urinary iodine levels were normal in 68.1% of the students and thyroid parameters were normal in 94% of the subjects, the very high prevalence rate of goiter in the city of Rafsanjan seems to be due to certain unknown etiological factors which needs further studies

In this case-control study, 58 transfusion-dependent Thalassemic patients compared with 46 normal healthy persons on study of their thyroid size & function. In this study, thalassemia patients divided in two groups: Group one 31 patients with (Ferritin1500) and 3rd one was named control group (46 healthy persons). These groups were compared to achieve the best possible results and conclusion out of 31 patients. From first group 26 people had normal thyroid function test only 5 patients (16%) had goiter. From 27 patients in second group, 5 people (19%) had normal thyroid and 22 patients had goiter, in 3rd group 29% had normal thyroid, the difference between second and third groups were significant (P1500) are high.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Different types of stress have different effects on the body's endocrine system. The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute and chronic immobilization stress on serum level of TSH, T3 and T4 in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into controls, acutely immobilized (8h/day for immobilization 8 days) and chronically immobilized (2h/day immobilization for 21 days) groups, 10 in each group. After the periods of experiments, blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture method. Following serum collection, serum levels of TSH, T3 and T4 were measured by Electrochemiluminescense (ECL) method. The Data were statistically analyzed and compared between groups using One-Way ANOVA. Results: Results showed that serum TSH, T3 or T4 levels were significantly increased in rats during acute immobilization stress compared with control animals (P<0.001, P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively) but there were not significantly different changed in thyroid hormones between animals with chronic immobilization and controls. Conclusion: Our findings show that acute immobilization stress enhances serum level of thyroid hormones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Although congenital hypothyroidism is a preventable cause of mental disabilities, less than 10% of newborns are diagnosed based on clinical symptoms in the first month. If the diagnosis is not made based on screening programs, it would be delayed and irrepairable cerebral and auditory complications will occur. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in the Mazandaran province. Materials and methods: The study is a descriptive (screening) survey. From infants born from January 2007 to January 2008 in Mazandaran province heel blood samples on filter paper were obtained. TSH values were measured by ELISA method and TSH> 5 mlu/L was considered as the recall criterion. Diagnosis of neonatal hypothyroidism was made based on TSH>10 and T4<6.5. Treatment was performed based on the results of second tests. Except in cases where the initial TSH was greater or equal to 20 -where the treatment was started from the beginning- if the second test results were reported normal, treatment was discontinued and the case was considered as a transient hypothyroidism. Results: Out of 45218 infants studied, 49% were female and 51% were male. 4.6% of newborns (2109) were recalled, among whom 1885 had 5< TSH< 10 mlu/L and 185 had 10< TSH< 20 mlu/L and 39 had TSH = 20.73 infants were diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Thus, the prevalence of neonatal hypothyroidism was 1.6/1000 in live births in Mazandaran province. Also prevalence of transient neonatal hypothyroidism was 1 in every 2500 live births. Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of hypothyroidism in the province, more screening programs are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]