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In the present study, the aim is to synthesize and introduce the combination of methoxy amido xanthate MAX and then label it with 99mTc radionuclide as a novel diagnostic agent for single-photon computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. A chelator-designed ligand was synthesized from a blend of chloroacetamide and xanthate in certain proportions. After that MAX ligand labeling process was performed by directly milking 99mTc from the generator (99Mo / 99mTc). Thus, tin chloride was employed as a reducing agent, and the effect of parameters such as additives like ascorbic acid, changing the concentration of the cheating agent, and pH were evaluated to optimize the labeling conditions. The product was then identified by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and magnetic resonance imaging (NMR). Labeling of the complex at laboratory temperature was determined to be 93%. The new 99mTc-MAX radiopharmaceutical with a radionuclide and radiochemical purity of over 90% can be used as an encouraging diagnostic agent in clinics and preclinical studies, which will be addressed in future studies.

The aim of this study was to label quercetin as a natural flavonoid compound with technetium-99m and to study its biological distribution in different tissues of C57 mice bearing melanoma B16F10 cells for tumor diagnosis. Quercetin labeling was performed with technetium-99m at 1.5 mg quercetin and 40 μg SnCL2 at room temperature and pH about 5. Labeling yield was evaluated using TLC in acetone and water / acetonitrile as solvents. Also, in animal study, the tissue activity of various organs including heart, lung, stomach, intestine, liver, kidney, blood, spleen, muscle, and tumor were measured through gamma counter. Radiochemical purity above 95% and radiochemical stability of 90% at one hour were observed. The results of biological distribution of the labeled compound showed the highest radioactivity uptake in liver, kidney, intestine and tumor (2.2 ± 0.17 at 2 h post injection) tissues. Quercetin labeled through direct method with high radiochemical purity can be used as a candidate for diagnostic radiotracer.

A system dynamics model for simulating radionuclide generators inventory management decisions is presented in this research report. The radiopharmaceutical is generated gradually from another radioactive element, so called mother element in the radionuclide generators, and after each extraction of the produced radioactive material, so called elution, the radiopharmaceutical is produced in the proportion of the residue from the mother element. Based on the remained mother element, production time dependence, mutual interaction of variables, nonlinear distribution function, and reproduction, lead to the incremental complexity of the mathematical model and cause the model making affair harder in common place operation research methods. In the proposed model appeared in this report, the above-mentioned factors are modeled and due to the nature of system dynamics models' development and the possibility of developing the boundary of the model, the feasibility of utilizing the model, as a basic one, in more complex modeling affairs is presented. The model behavior re-production tests and the system dynamics' extreme conditions, illustrate the validity of the proposed model. Ultimately, in this paper, several scenarios for the productivity raise are illustrated and twenty five percent improvement has been shown compared to the conventional models.

AbstractBackground and purpose: Binding a monoclonal antibody to tumor associated antigens is an effective method for cancer therapy because these agents can specifically target malignant cells. In fact, monoclonal antibodies are effective agents for diagnosis, grading and treatment of different kinds of cancers. In this research, a new monoclonal antibody against colon cancer cells was prepared and radiolabeling with technetium-99m evaluated.Materials and Methods: This research was done in three parts: preparation of hybridoma cell against colon cancer cell line (HT29), production of monoclonal antibody, determination of its characterizations and radiolabeling with technetium-99m.Results: mAb-D2 is an IgG1 with affinity constant of 7.2 × 109M-1 which can recognize CEA in tumor cells. Radiolabeling showed that 99mTc-HYNIC-mAb-D2 complex is stable, immunoradioactive, and has a desirable biodistribution.Conclusion: In this study, we gained a new radiopharmaceutical that may be a good candidate for radioimmunoscintigraphy.