Search

Background and Objectives: The Covid-19 prevalence can threaten self-care behaviors and disease control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) through increasing anxiety and stress levels and limited access to medical services. This study was conducted to investigate the association of the Covid-19 pandemic with self-care behaviors in patients with T2D. Methods: The present study was conducted on 318 adults with T2D who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) between 1397 and 1399 and completed the summary of diabetes self-care activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. Data on self-care activities during the Covid-19 pandemic were collected 3-4 months after the announcement of the epidemic in the country via telephone calls. For data analysis, a multiple linear regression model and paired t-test were used. Results: The mean total scores of self-care behaviors were 49.7±14.8 and 56.1±13.1 before and after the Covid-19 pandemic, respectively (P

Objective (s): The current study aimed to investigate the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of parents and their offspring. Methods: This study conducted in the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose study (TLGS) on 564 families including children (297 boys and 267 girls), mothers and fathers. Data on HRQoL of children and parents was collected by interviews using Persian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™4.0) and the Short-Form Health Survey version 2 (SF-12v2) respectively. Asssociations between HRQoL of parents and offspring were assessed using regression models by SPSS software (Version 23). Results: Mean(sd) age of participants was 13.8(3.1) years and 52.7% were boys. Comparision of HRQol scores in boys and girls indicated that boys had higher HRQoL scores in physicql functioning [91.2(10.3) vs. 89.1(11.1), p=0.019] and emotional functioning [77.2(16.9) vs. 72.8(18.9), p=0.003]. Parental physical and mental HRQoL scores did not significantly differ between male and female offspring; however, physical functioning, role emotional and mental health scores were significantly higher in mothers of female compared to male offspring. Both maternal and paternal physical HRQoL scores were not significantly assocaited with offspring’s HRQoL. Maternal mental HRQoL score was significantly associated with physical functioning (β= 0.16, p=0.02) and social functioning (β=0.26, p=0.006) in girls, school functioning in boys (β= 0.19, p=0.007) and emotional functioning in both boys (β= 0.23, p=0.008) and girls (β= 0.24, p=0.04) and paternal mental HRQoL score was significantly associated with only school functioning in boys (β= 0.23, p=0.004). Conclusion: The relationship between the HRQoL in parents and children follows a pattern related to the gender of the parent and the child. Maternal mental HRQoL in offspring of both sexes and paternal mental HRQoL only in boys were associated with different subscales of offspring’s HRQoL.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a combination of cardio-metabolic risk factors. Given that genetic factors have been shown to contribute to individual susceptibility to MetS, the identification of genetic markers for disease risk is essential. Recent studies revealed that rs780094 and rs1260326 of glucokinase regulatory gene (GCKR) are associated with serum triglycerides, plasma glucose levels and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of GCKR gene variants with metabolic syndrome and its components. Methods: This case-control study was conducted from April to August 2017. In this study, 8710 adults (3522 males and 5188 females), over 19 years, were randomly selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) population. Based on joint interim statement (JIS) criteria, the subjects were divided into two groups: case and control. Genotyping was performed by HumanOmniExpress-24 v1.0 BeadChips (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Results: Allele frequencies were in conformity with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Comparisons of allele frequencies by the Chi-square test revealed that frequencies of TT genotype of both polymorphisms were significantly higher among patient group than healthy group. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, gender and CRP revealed that the GCKR polymorphisms (rs1260326: odds ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.6-4.6, rs780094: odds ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.2) were significantly associated with MetS. Frequency of TT genotype was more in persons who had C-reactive protein (CRP) levels above 3 mg/l. The minor T allele of both polymorphisms was significantly associated with increases in the blood serum concentration triglyceride and to a decrease in fasting plasma glucose levels. Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that, rs780094 and rs1260326 common polymorphisms of the GCKR gene were associated with serum triglycerides levels, fasting plasma glucose levels, and metabolic syndrome in a sample of the Tehranian population (TLGS), as it was already confirmed the inverse effect of this polymorphisms on triglycerides and glucose levels in previous studies.

Background & objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the extent of possible genetic influence on cardio-metabolic risk factors and to evaluate the familial aggregation of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a Tehranian population. Methods: In a cross-sectional observational study, the anthropometry, blood pressure andbiochemical measurements were examined in each member of 566 nuclear families. The role of risk factors in MetS and the Pearson partial correlation between MetS and lipid related factors were calculated. Results: The prevalence of MetS among the mothers and girls was 78.4 and 12.9%, respectively. Grandmothers had the highest incidence of atherosclerotic risk factors. Four factors were found which explained 77.7% of the overall variance. Recurrence risk ratio among siblings was 5.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.15-9.97). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of proband’s MetS status was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.06–1.67) and adjusted OR for the four factors to predict MetS were all significant with the obesity factor having the highest risk (OR: 7.50, CI: 5.91–9.52) followed by dyslipidemia/hyperglycemia factor (OR: 4.86, CI: 4.03–5.87), and blood pressure factor (OR: 4.20, CI: 3.51-5.02). Conclusion: The present findings confirm the idea of familial aggregation and the recurrence risk ratio in MetS traits. Sibling correlations were higher than other relatives indicating the high genetic factors of these quantitative components in which a high risk of MetS (two-fold) was found

Background & Objectives: The case-cohort study is one of the youngest designs in epidemiology and some methodological aspects of it are still in debate. This study aimed at comparing the estimated hazard ratio, standard error, and interaction hazard ratio between the case-cohort and cohort studies for assessing the relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.Methods: A total of 1701 men and 2253 women aged between 40 and 75 years were considered as the main cohort. Subcohort sampling was performed using simple random sampling with a sampling fraction of 0.3%. The hazard ratio of the cohort study was calculated using Cox regression model and the 3 methods of Prentice, Self-Prentice, and Barlow were used for calculating the hazard ratio of the case-cohort study. The mentioned regression models were used to assess the interactions.Results: The results of the two studies were similar in populations with higher incidence (cohort of men) and lower incidence (the cohort of women) when frequency percent of exposure variable was greater than 10%. When the sample size of the initial cohort was less than 1250 subjects, discrepancies were observed between the results of the two studies. In addition, the standard error of the case-cohort study was higher than the cohort study. The results of both studies were similar in assessing the considered interactions.Conclusion: The results are similar when the initial cohort sample sizes are sufficient. Meanwhile, unlike the percentage of exposure frequency, the outcome incidence has a negligible impact on the discrepancy between the results while the effect of the relative frequency of the exposure levels on the results discrepancy is noticeable.

Background & Objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the first cause of death and third place in disease burden in Iran. This study estimates population attributable fraction (PAF) of cardiovascular risk factors in Tehran population. PAF is one of the important parameters of measuring population affect of risk factors and evaluating potential impact of preventive strategies in community level. Methods: In this study 5868 participants above 30 years old of Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS) were employed and 501 CVD events detected during 10 years follow-up. Direct estimate of adjusted PAFs using logistic regression which is one of less biased exist methods of PAF calculation were applied. Results: Highest modifiable cardiovascular risk factor PAFs, in sequence, was smoking (14.16%), hypertension (11.73%), diabetes (7.32%), hypercholesterolemia (6.85%) and central obesity (5.91%) for men, and hypertension (19.25%), diabetes (18.82%), central obesity(9.88%) and hypercholesterolemia (7.95%), for women. Also PAF of hazardous age and premature family history of CVD, as most important nonmodifiable CVD risk factors, were 36.09%, 16.61% and 3.95%, 7.56% for men and women respectively. Conclusion: According to the difference of risk factors PAFs ranking in men and women, it is suitable that CVD preventive interventions to be prioritized by sex separately. In this regard, besides special attention to control tobacco use in men, hypertension and diabetes in both sexes and high cholesterol in men and central obesity in women respectively, should be given in priority of preventive strategies.

Background: Few studies have used lifestyle modification to prevent obesity at the community level. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of lifestyle modification education on the prevalence of general and central obesity in adults. Methods: We studied 3270 men (1205 and 2065 individuals in the intervention and control groups, respectively) and 4464 women (1670 and 2794 individuals in the intervention and control groups, respectively). They participated in Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study during 1999-2011. Demographic characteristics, behavioral habits, and obesity status of the participants were assessed through four cross-sectional surveys with 3-year intervals. The intervention included education for improving diet and physical activity and decreasing smoking through counseling, lectures, and publications. Findings: The mean age of men and women was 44.2 ± 14.9 and 42.1±13.7 years, respectively. During a median follow-up of 9.9 years, the intervention had no significant impact on the odds of becoming obese in non-obese men and women. However, it resulted in 0.27 and 0.38 decreases in the odds of continuing to be obese in obese men and women, respectively. The changes were only significant in women (P = 0.003). In addition, the intervention reduced the odds of central obesity by 0.34 in the women with central obesity (P = 0.002). However, it had no significant effects on central obesity among other participants. Conclusion: Population-based interventions can be beneficial in reducing the prevalence of general and central obesity in adults. These effects are stronger in women than in men. Thus, implementing interventional programs among non-obese individuals is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]