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The occurrence of oil spills in the seas and oceans causes many short-term and long-term damages to the coasts and marine ecosystems. Therefore, in order to reduce the damage, comprehensive coastal vulnerability maps can be provided to coastal management decision-makers as well as the emergency response team as a powerful tool. In the present study, by combining the mathematical model of oil slick routing and ArcGIS software, the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf were evaluated based on exposure to oil pollution. For this purpose, 20 hypothetical fall scenarios with oil type and time of random occurrence in summer and winter were designed. Then, using GNOME Lagrangian software, the path of the oil slick and its arrival time to the shores were simulated, and based on that, the matrix of exposure of each coastal area to pollution was formed. Finally, the northern shores of the Gulf were classified into five levels of vulnerability. The results showed that in summer Assaluyeh and Bushehr ports with a cumulative probability of 120 and 94%, respectively, and in winter Assaluyeh port with a cumulative probability of 119% in all scenarios were in a very high vulnerability. In addition, the ports of Bushehr and Assaluyeh had the highest potential for damage to the region. According to the results of this study, coastal vulnerability is significantly affected by seasonal changes in climatic conditions and flow conditions.

Objective: One of the most important decisions of corporate managers is how to finance economic enterprises, which play an important role in the continuation and growth of their profitability. Numerous factors can affect companies' financing decisions, including the personality traits of senior managers. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of excessive self-confidence of managers on companies' financing working procedures in Tehran Stock Exchange. Method: The statistical population of this research is the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and its statistical sample includes data of 139 companies during the seven-year period 2011-2017. The sampling method is systematic removal and the method used for estimating the model is multivariate regression method using estimation of combined data with fixed effects. Findings: The results showed that there is an inverse and significant relationship between excessive self-confidence of managers and financing through internal resources of the company, so that increasing self-confidence of managers reduces financing through internal resources of the company, so that increasing self-confidence of managers reduces financing through internal resources of the company. There is also a significant and direct relationship between managers' overconfidence and financing out of company, so that high self-confidence leads the corporate managers toward extra-organizational financing, and thus the amount of out-of-company financed resources increases. Conclusion: Overconfidence causes managers to fail to act rationally and misinterpret their accepted risk level. For this reason, overconfident managers may, contrary to expectations, be inclined to this type of financing despite the risk of out-of-company financing, and ultimately cause to increase the company's financial costs and reduce its profitability.

Cities for the reason of complex nature and increasing growth of urban population and also factors such as inappropriate distribution of representing services in different urban aspects, the price of land, unequal incomes among different groups of people, lack of equal access to facilities and services, and also different urban spaces among residents of different areas have made the cities to reflect a picture of inequality. The thrust of this research is to investigate and compare spatial-social inequality between two areas, Darsyran and Baharan, in Marivan on the basis of the indexes of economic-social status and access to land use of urban services. The present study is an applied research which employs a questionnaire to collect data to analyze the independent and dependent variable questions. The researcher has used SPSS to analyze the data.According to the testresultsMann - Whitney u test and confidence level 95%, difference betweensocio-economic status Baharan residents and urban land use services areavailable to the residentsof Darsyran.

Evidence is supported the hypothesis that any changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota play a fundamental role in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases including celiac disease (CD). In the last decade, several culture-independent methods have been developed to identify the components of the human microbiome. The study of microbiota based on nucleic acid analysis found in feces or other biological samples allows the characterization of non-cultivable microbes. Current evidence on the composition and role of the intestinal microbiota as triggers for CD is highly variable and sometimes contradictory. However, emerging evidence suggested that gut microbiota may be associated with development of several gastrointestinal diseases such as CD. The microbiota plays a key role in function and modulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Recent studies have shown noticeable reduction in beneficial bacteria and increase in those potentially harmful microbes in patients with CD as compared to healthy controls. Thus, in this review we tried to discuss the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sixteen date palm cultivars were studied for their susceptibility to the date palm dust mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus, at the Date Palm and Tropical Fruit Research Institute of Bushehr, Iran. Three date palms naturally infested by O. afrasiaticus were randomly selected per cultivar. Four fruit strands per bunch of each sampling tree were randomly collected, and the number of healthy and infested fruits was counted. Fruit physicochemical attributes of these cultivars were also recorded at the Kimri stage using standard procedures. The analysis was carried out according to a completely randomized design. The results revealed significant differences among cultivars regarding susceptibility to O. afrasiaticus. The cultivars Barahi, Maktoub, Haleli, and Deglet Noor, were more resistant to the date palm dust mite than the other cultivars. Significant differences among cultivars were also observed in all tested physicochemical characteristics. The percentage of infestation had a significant positive correlation with the Kernel weight, fruit length, and the number of strands. Tannin content ranged from 0.97 to 8.13%, total soluble solids (TSS) from 10.00 to 70.00% Brix, and titratable acidity from 0.70 to 1.50%. No significant correlation was observed between the chemical characteristics of date fruits and infestation to the mite. Such information can be used to screen date palm cultivars for date fruit processing industries and breeding programs.

Background: Genu valgum is a postural malalignment in the knee joint. This malalignment is accompanied by altered mechanical forces in the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using a graded knee brace in two angles of 60 and 30 degrees on the frequency spectrum of ground reaction forces in individuals with genu valgum during landing. Methods: The present study was semi-experimental. Twenty non-athlete male students with genu valgus (age range: 20-30 years) were volunteered to participate in the study. The landing task was done during three conditions including without a knee brace, with a brace at two 30 and 60 degrees of flexion from a height of equal to 30 cm. Bertec force plate was used to record ground reaction forces. Fourier transform was used to calculate ground reaction force-frequency content during both landing conditions with and without a knee brace. Results: The results of this study showed a significant reduction in the frequency content with a power of 99.5% in the mediolateral direction (P=0.02; high effect size) and vertical direction (P=0.075; high effect effect) during landing with a knee brace at 60 degrees of flexion angle compared with without knee brace condition. Also, the median frequency component in the mediolateral direction (P=0.019; low effect size) and in the anterior-posterior direction (P=0.019; high effect effect) showed a significant decrease during wearing a knee brace compared with without it. Conclusion: Regarding the decreasing of median frequency after using the knee brace, it might be effective in the reduction of injury rate in individuals with genu valgum. However, further study warranted to better establish this issue.

Introduction: Measurement of foot pressure variables can be used to assess the loads to which the human body is subjected in normal activities, like walking, or in more demanding situations such as sports. The purpose of this study was to compare the foot pressure variables in blind and healthy individuals with open and closed eyes during walking. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental and laboratory study with pretest-posttest design. The statistic samples included 13 blind men with the mean age of 29.05±3.28 years and 17 healthy men with the mean age of 24.22±1.31 years participated in this study and were selected by available sampling method.. A foot scan (RS Scan International, Belgium) set was used for measuring planter pressure during walking. Variables data were recorded at a sampling frequency of 300 Hz. For data analysis, paired t-test was run to compare the means within the group; also, independent t-test run to compare the means between the groups using SPSS ver. 16 statistical software. Results: The results showed that the peak reaction time of the ground reaction force during the heel contact phase was 45.89% higher than blind people compared to the normal participants (p

Background and Aim: Lung cancer is the most common cancer among men around the world. The aim of this study was to determine the expression levels of CK19 mRNA marker in the affected patients’ peripheral blood. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with lung cancer (NSCLC type) were compared with 30 healthy controls. After taking peripheral blood samples and extracting total RNA, cDNA was synthesized and examined by Real-time RT-PCR technique. Then, the CEA antigen was measured by ELISA. Results: The CK19mRNA was positive in 7 out of 30 lung cancer patients. Hence, its sensitivity was determined to be 23.3 %. The serum level of CEA antigen was positive in 11 out of 30 lung cancer patients. The mean serum level of CEA antigen markers was higher in patients than in controls; the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.001). The sensitivity of this test was determined to be 36.6 %. Conclusion: This study showed that the sensitivity of CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood was low, but it had a high specificity for the diagnosis of primary lung cancer. Also, it was found that CEA antigen could be the specific marker for the early detection of lung cancer in patients’ peripheral blood.

Introduction & Objective: Bone morphogenetic proteins are a group of cytokines that belongs to superfamily TGFβ. These proteins play an important role in evolution of many of organs and tissues through germinal period followed by amending and rebuilding of bone tissue and car-tilage. The aim of this study was to clone and expression analysis of BMP-2 gene in E. coli bacteria. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study the sequence of cDNA related to the mature peptide of human morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in E.coli was synthesized and cloned in a PET system. After sequencing, recombinant plasmid pET28a/BMP-2 was transformed into the expression host, E.coli BL21 (DE3). The transformed bacteria were cultured in LB me-dium containing kanamaycin antibiotic at 37° C for O/N. Then, induction with IPTG took place. The expression was evaluated by reverse transcriptase PCR and SDS-PAGE followed by western blotting to confirm its identity. The observed band on SDS-PSGE showed the presence of the expressed protein at the 14k Dalton segment which was confirmed by west-ern blotting technique. Results: The gene sequence was amplified by PCR. After gene and plasmid preparation, lega-tion was performed. Sequencing confirmed accuracy of cloning. Protein expression was demonstrated by RT-PCR and SDS-PAGE. Results were confirmed by western blotting. Conclusion: In this study over-expression of this recombinant protein was achieved in a pro-karyotic system. Different concentrations of inducer were applied and harvesting was per-formed in different times after induction. The best expression was detected in 4 hours after induction with a concentration of 1mM IPTG.