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For more than sixty years, thousands of patents and articles have been published annually on various manufacturing methods and comparing the properties and performance of manufactured polyethylenes. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is one of the most widely used polyethylene in different grades, including pipes, films, fibers, bottles, etc., which about 50 million tons of this product is produced in slurry processes worldwide. Several technologies have been presented for the production of polyethylene in industrial plants. Each of these technologies has special operating conditions and type of catalyst and produces a specific product grade. High density polyethylene can be produced by gas phase or slurry. In this article, the processes and catalysts for the production of polyethylene in the slurry phase are reviewed. These processes include Hostalen slurry process by Basell, CX slurry process by Mitsui, MarTECH process by Phillips, Innovene S process by Inoes, and Bostar process by Borealis. Hostalen and CX technology are similar in general terms and the main process, but they have differences that are discussed in this article. Commercialized catalysts used in the polyethylene production process, including TH series from Basell, RZ and PZ series from Mitsui, and BCH and BCE series from Sinopec, are also investigated.

The right to mental health is one of the main components of the right to health and one of the main examples of children’s rights. Various factors are influential in threatening or realizing this right of children including the cyberspace. Cyberspace is important as nowadays children spend a lot of time in it while a significant part of this space is not appropriate for the age and mental state of children as well it has a detrimental effect on their psyche. Using descriptive-analytical method, this study intends to answer this question that: How can the right to children's mental health in cyberspace be realized according to the Iranian legal system, Islam and international human rights instruments? To answer this question, different rights of children in cyberspace including the right to education, the right to privacy, the right to security and the right to play and recreation, and their relation with the right to mental health of children have been investigated. The results indicate that in the international human rights system, especially in protection of children’s right, some measures have been considered by the governments. In Islam, the health of people has been highly emphasized in the Quranic verses and hadith. However, in Iranian legal system, some measures have been taken to protect the mental health of children in cyberspace, but in practice, there are much to do to achieve the desired situation.

Introduction:Nowadays, families face a spectrum of social harms and issues that influence their lives significantly and require to be identified. For this purpose, the current study aimed at analyzing women’s perceived understanding of family harms and hearing their accounts of family issues and harms. That is because women in many cases gain a deeper understanding of the issues and challenges in the family life and the changes occurring there since they play a pivotal role within families and establish interactions and relations with other members of the family. On the other hand, the informal social networks where women are members and their social bonds to women’s groups make it possible for them to share their daily experiences and accumulate a plethora of women’s experiences and interpretations of issues in daily lives, particularly regarding the family life. In many cases, such experiences involve interpretations that can be valuable in understanding family harms and social issues. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted using a qualitative and phenomenological methodology. The data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 17 women (aged 18-65 years old) in Fasa, which had been selected according to the purposive sampling technique. The semi-structured interview refers to a flexible interview in which questions are designed based on the main questions of a particular study. In the current study, the research questions were formulated based on the following major questions:- How do the participants understand and describe issues in the domain of family?- What are the most important issues for women according to the participants?- How do women face family issues? How do the female participants classify and categorize family issues?- Which factors are mentioned by the female participants as the background factors in the emergence of social issues?Each participant who took part in the study was completely aware of the process of research and interviews. To obtain their consent, the research study including its goals, questions, the manner of participating, and the process of interviews was explained to all of the participants.In the current study, the Colaizzi’s method was used for data analysis. Thus, the audio files obtained from each interview session were transcribed and coded in a textual format. The extraction of concepts aimed to collect the participants’ significant statements related to the topic of the study and special care was taken so that these statements can be collected with similar valuation and free from repetition and overlap. After the first stage was over, themes and categories were extracted by comparing and merging or eliminating early concepts, and the process of data analysis was conducted. Discussion of Results and Conclusions:Based on the results of the study, two types of harms in the form of “content harms” and “structural harms” were identified and classified. Content harms, which mostly deal with the relationships inside a family and between family members, include three major categories in the form of “the formation of solitude chrysalis and individualized worlds”, “generalized parenting and increasing child-centeredness”, and “constant disagreements and conflicts in the family”.In addition, the second type that refers to external aspects of a family named “structural harms” has been classified in the form of three major categories. These categories include “changes in family values and beliefs as the changes and developments in the family institutions”, “the spillover of social harms to families”, and “challenges related to social welfare”. Altogether, it seems that harms and issues within the family include a wide spectrum of social issues. Though these harms have been classified in the current study into two groups called content and structural harms, many of them are so complicated and intertwined that it seems they originate from one another and create a cycle of harm and social issues. They can be interpreted and assigned meaning based on their cultural environments and backgrounds, and the reduction and prevention of such harms require that those backgrounds be taken into consideration.

The aim of the study was to compare the protective and interpersonal strengths as positive personality traits in employees with healthy (G: good health pattern, S: sparing pattern) and unhealthy (A: ambitious pattern, B: burnout pattern) job stress coping styles. Therefore, 146 employees of an industrial organization in Mashhad were selected by stratified random sampling and asked to respond to research tools. The instruments were the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths from Peterson & Seligman and Work-related Behavior and Experience Patterns Questionnaire from Schaarschmidt & Fischer. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that employees with healthy coping styles had higher means of protective and interpersonal strengths than unhealthy subjects. These findings open a new field for research on the role of personality in coping with work-related stress. Character strengths are trainable personal characteristics. Therefore, they are valuable resources to improve coping with work-related stress and to decreasing its negative effects.

Background and Aim: The success of endodontic treatment depends on the complete elimination of pathogenic bacteria inside the root canal. Enterococcus faecalis, a gram-positive, pathogenic, and anaerobic cocci, are the primary etiology of root canal infection in treated and untreated teeth and are highly associated with endodontic treatment failure. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial activity of Sodium hypochlorite 2.5%, microemulsion of Myrtus 10%, and microemulsion of Thyme 0.6% on the E. faecalis after root canal filling. Methods & Materials: In this experimental study, 25 extracted single canal human anterior teeth were collected, and their crowns were cut. Then after washing and cleaning, and filling, the sterilization was done using an autoclave. Then, except 5 teeth (negative control group), the teeth were smeared with E. faecalis and then divided into 5 groups randomly represented the irrigation by Sodium hypochlorite 2.5%, microemulsion of Myrtus 10%, and microemulsion of Thyme 0.6%, with a positive control group and negative control group. The teeth were filled with gutta-percha and then incubated in an incubator for 90 days at a temperature of 37°C. Finally, the comparison of CFU in the groups due to abnormal data distribution was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.297). Results: According to the results of this study, the correlation between the groups of cultured teeth was not significant(P>0.05). The specimens washed with microemulsion of the Thyme 0.6% had the highest positive number of cultures; the specimens washed by Sodium hypochlorite 2.5% had the lowest number of cultures. Conclusion: This study showed that no statistically significant difference exists in their antimicrobial activity after root canal therapy after the use of different wash solutions.