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In the growing and turbulent market of the current world, both in national and in international relations, the need for reviewing and assessment of the resiliency of suppliers as one of the new concepts in supply chain management has increased. In addition, globalization, increasing the regulations of governmental and nongovernmental organizations, customers’ request and pressure regarding environmental issues have led organizations to evaluate the measures necessary to implement green supply chain management, to improve their environmental and economic performance. The subject of selecting and evaluating suppliers on green supply chain with resilience capability first requires the identification of the supplier evaluation criteria so that it considers the resiliency of the supply chain concurrent with the concepts of green supply chain. Secondly, right tools should be used for the decision. Considering all the criteria and indicators in conditions of uncertainty encourages the development and application of methods, such as fuzzy theory and grey systems theory. In this research, a comprehensive model for evaluating green resilience supply chain network is provided. In order to apply both quantitative and qualitative criteria, the possibility of making the target based criteria dimensionless along the cost or benefit criteria, the use of experts’ opinions in allocation of weights to the criteria and indicators using grey numbers, grey relational analysis are developed and improved. In the end, the implementation of the proposed model is explained step by step in a case study and the future conclusions and recommendations are suggested.

In general, engineering designs need to optimize the factors affecting the under-study phenomenon; however, this is often a costly and time-consuming process. In this regard, new methods have been developed to optimize with fewer tests; thus, they can make the whole process more affordable. In this study, Taguchi and Taguchi-GRA methods were used to design the geometric parameters of the protective spur dike in order to optimize their efficiency in reducing the scouring in a series of spur dikes. The results of both methods showed the optimal ratio of the length of the protective spur dike to the length of the first spur dike was 2.5 and the angle of the protective spur dike was 90 °. However, the ratio of the length of the protective spur dike to the length of the main spur dike in the Taguchi method was 0.8 and in the Taguchi-GRA method, it was 0.6. In addition, using variance analysis showed that the distance between the protective spur dike from the first spur dike, the protective spur dike angle, and the length of the protective spur dike were, respectively, the most effective on the performance of the protective spur dike. The results of this study, therefore, indicate that both methods are highly effective in optimization and, therefore, can be useful in the hydraulic engineer studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Water quality is one of the issues that is of great importance to economic and social development due to the high costs of providing healthy drinking water and its risk to human health and the environment. For instance, although only a short time has passed since the construction of the Shirin-darreh dam, the problems arising from its exploitation have challenged the environmental sector and the health of the water. Materials and Methods: Water quality is affected by complex processes and various variables. Accordingly, NSFWQI input variables at monthly intervals collected at the dam reservoir during December 2011 - November 2012 was used to evaluate the water quality of the reservoir based on the grey relational analysis process. The results were compared with the results of the NSFWQI method. Also, the Shannon Entropy method was used, considering the importance of weight of variables in different methods. Results: The results showed that the water quality in the grey analysis method from November 2011 to May 2012 and in the NSFWQI method from October 2011 to April 2012 was moderate and in the remaining months was bad. In the grey analysis method, the highest reservoir value was related to Station 3 and month of February 2012 with a value of 64.2 and the worst water quality was related to Station 4 and month of August 2012 with a value of 39.2. Also, In NSFWQI method, the highest reservoir value was related to station 3 and month of February 2012 with a value of 68.7, and the worst water quality was related to Station 1 and month of August 2012 with a value of 39.1. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference between the two methods, due to the greater adaptability of the results of the gray analysis method with the weather events and upstream conditions of the dam, this method is recommended. Due to the relative inadequacy of Shirin-darreh reservoir water in some months, it is essential that the source of pollutants from upstream areas is identified. After identification of the hotspots and preparation of the critical areas map, the appropriate control measures could be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greyrelational analysis (GRA) method has been widely applied in solving multipleattribute decision making (MADM) problems. We extend the existing GRAliterature by proposing a generalized methodology which provides normalizationfunctions for the benefit, optimum and cost-type attributes and enablesdecision makers to consider both deterministic and non-deterministic attributessimultaneously. Also, a numerical example was solved in order to obtainillustrative results

Efficiency measurement in industrial & manufactural organizations and comparing the efficiency of their units is one of the most important approaches in the industrial area. In this paper, GRA and DEA models have been come together to evaluate suppliers in a manufactural- industrial department. The main purpose of this article is finding the representative indicators for applying in DEA model. In first step the GRA technique has been described. In the next part, the suppliers efficiency has been calculated by DEA model. Finally, the relationship between indicators has been discovered by GRA model and with determining the representative indicators, evaluating and ranking the suppliers have been done again by DEA model. The results show that in first state 6 suppliers determined as effective suppliers and in second state just one supplier determined as a effective supplier. Therefore, by using the GRA technique, suppliers efficiency scores have got better, so the isolation power of DMUs have been increased.

Regarding mass investment in systems by organizations for capturing knowledge and improving intellectual capital which is not necessarily effective, evaluation of the success of knowledge innovation is underlined . The main contribution of this paper is proposing a novel approach for evaluating knowledge management systems (KMSs). The proposed approach is an integration of two well-established managerial methodologies of critical success factors (CSFs) and grey relational analysis. In the new approach, CSFs are used for defining KMS evaluation criteria and grey relational analysis is used to estimate the score of knowledge innovations and to prioritize them. Statistical population includes those firms in which, KM project is implemented. In the proposed approach, strategic coordination of KM and business, quality of KMSs, knowledge quality, user satisfaction, documents management, communications, top managers' support and culture are important factors in evaluating knowledge innovations in organizations. Applicability of the proposed approach has been addressed by analyzing data of five IT-based firms that utilized KMSs.

Rapid technological and economic growth over the last several decades has changed human lives and made modern society face complex decision making problems. These kinds of problems are characterized by incommensurate and conflicting criteria or objectives such as cost, reliability, performance, safety and productivity. Multi Criteria Decision Making is an approach that can be used to deal complex problems. Generally, preference information on alternatives and on attributes belongs to the DMs' subjective judgments and DMs' judgments are often uncertain and cannot be estimated by an exact numerical value. In this paper, to treat multi criteria decision making problems in uncertain condition a model based on grey theory-including grey relational analysis and grey numbers is proposed and also Shannon's entropy is used for weighting attributes. Finally proposed model was used to ranking holding and investment companies in Iran's stock exchange and evaluated its ability and usage.