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Objective: The primary objective of this research is to identify and analyze the factors affecting the success of startups, with a specific focus on the distinct personality traits of investors and their impact on investment decisions in initial coin offering. This study aims to investigate how the personality traits of neuroticism and openness to experience influence investment decisions and to explore the role of cognitive legitimacy in moderating these relationships. By integrating theories of personality and legitimacy, this research seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the psychological factors that drive investment behaviors in the context of initial coin offerings (ICOs). Method: This study employs a phenomenological research design, leveraging qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the subjective experiences of investors in initial coin offering. The research follows a structured approach encompassing the following steps: A two-stage sampling process was adopted. In the first stage, tokens from ICOs conducted between 2020 and 2022 were selected using simple random sampling. Reliable sources such as Coinmarketcap.com, Crunchbase.com, and ICOcrunch.com provided the list of tokens. A random selection program written in Python was utilized to choose 40 sample tokens from this list, ensuring an unbiased representation. Data on investment decisions were collected through a standard questionnaire distributed to a large and diverse sample of investors. The questionnaire was shared via prominent Telegram channels which collectively cover a broad international investor base. Neuroticism and Openness to Experience traits were measured using a standardized Big Five personality factors questionnaire. Cognitive Legitimacy was assessed through the analysis of social media interactions, particularly on Twitter (X). A developer-created account was used to gather data on tweets containing specific keywords related to the ICOs. The data included tweet content, likes, retweets, user IDs, follower counts, and weet sentiments categorized as positive, neutral, or negative. Sentiment analysis was performed using the RoBERTa pre-trained language model, known for its high accuracy in text classification tasks. WarpPLS software was employed to conduct structural equation modeling (SEM), allowing for the examination of complex relationships between variables. The analysis focused on the direct effects of neuroticism and openness to experience on investment decisions, and the moderating effect of cognitive legitimacy. Reliability was tested using Average Variance Extracted (AVE), with thresholds set to ensure convergent validity. Results: The study yielded several key findings that highlight the interplay between personality traits, cognitive legitimacy, and investment decisions: 1. Impact of Neuroticism: - High levels of neuroticism were found to have a significant negative impact on investment decisions in successful ICOs. Investors characterized by high neuroticism exhibited tendencies towards risk aversion, pessimism, and lower trust in new ventures, making them less likely to participate in these offerings. 2. Impact of Openness to Experience: - Conversely, investors with high openness to experience were more inclined to invest in innovative and novel projects. This personality trait positively correlated with investment decisions, as these individuals are typically more open to risk-taking and exploring new opportunities. 3. Role of Cognitive Legitimacy: - Cognitive legitimacy significantly enhanced investment decisions. Startups that demonstrated high cognitive legitimacy through transparent and credible actions on social media were more successful in attracting investors. However, cognitive legitimacy did not act as a moderating variable between personality traits and investment decisions but had a strong direct effect on increasing investment decisions. Hypotheses Testing: -H1: High neuroticism leads to a decrease in investment in successful initial offerings. (Confirmed) -H2: Higher cognitive legitimacy of a business leads to more investment in successful products. (Confirmed) -H3: Cognitive legitimacy moderates the relationship between neuroticism and investment in successful products. (Rejected) -H4: Openness to experience leads to increased investment in successful initial offerings. (Confirmed) -H5: Cognitive legitimacy moderates the relationship between openness to experience and investment in successful ventures. (Rejected) Conclusion: The research concludes that personality traits, particularly neuroticism and openness to experience, play a crucial role in shaping investment decisions in the context of crowdfunding. Neuroticism negatively influences investment decisions, making individuals with this trait less likely to invest in new ventures. In contrast, openness to experience has a positive impact, with such individuals being more inclined towards innovative investments. Cognitive legitimacy emerged as a vital factor for attracting investments. Startups that can build strong cognitive legitimacy by maintaining transparency and credibility on social media are more likely to succeed in their fundraising efforts. Although cognitive legitimacy does not moderate the relationship between personality traits and investment decisions, its direct positive impact on investment decisions underscores its importance. Implications for Practice: -For Startups: Developing and maintaining cognitive legitimacy through transparent and credible communication on social media is essential for attracting a diverse investor base. Understanding the personality traits of potential investors can help tailor communication strategies to better engage with them. -For Researchers: The study opens new avenues for exploring the impact of other personality traits and forms of legitimacy on investment decisions. Future research could expand the scope to include traits such as extraversion and conscientiousness, and investigate the effects of moral and pragmatic legitimacy. The study focuses on two specific personality traits, suggesting a need for future research to consider a broader range of traits. Additionally, exploring other forms of legitimacy, such as moral or pragmatic legitimacy, could provide a more comprehensive understanding of their impact on investment decisions. Longitudinal studies are recommended to examine how these relationships evolve over time, especially in the dynamic and rapidly changing ICO market. In summary, this research highlights the significant role of personality traits and cognitive legitimacy in influencing investment decisions in the context of crowdfunding. The findings provide valuable insights for startups and campaign developers seeking to enhance their legitimacy and attract diverse investor profiles. The study contributes to the growing field of financial psychology and offers practical recommendations for improving fundraising strategies in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of body image concern in the relationship between neuroticism and binge eating symptoms, considering the moderating role of body appreciation in a non-clinical sample of women. For this purpose, 252 women from Najaf-Abad city (Iran), were selected using convenience sampling method. NEO Five-factor Inventory, Body Image Concern Inventory, Body Appreciation Scale and Binge Eating Disorder Screening Questionnaire were research tools. To test the moderated mediating model, the path analysis method proposed by Hayes was used. The results of the path analysis showed that body image concern plays a mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and binge eating symptoms in women. Also, the results of the moderating effects of the model showed that body appreciation can moderate the indirect effect of neuroticism and the direct effect of body image concern on women's binge eating symptoms. In general, these findings show that body appreciation can be a protective factor, leading to a reduction of the indirect effect of neuroticism and the direct effect of body image concern on women's binge eating symptoms.

Introduction: Speaking anxiety in educational settings is among the most prevalent and important social anxieties playing a critical role in the anxiety experienced by students. Objective: The current study aimed to test the structural relations model of personality traits with speaking anxiety among students. Method: The present research was descriptive-correlational of structural equations type. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students of psychology at Islamic Azad University, Babol branch, in the academic year 2021-2022, among them 136 people were selected by the convenience sampling method. McCrae and Costa’s Personality Traits Questionnaire (1985) and Bartholomay and Houlihan’s (2016) Public Speaking Anxiety Scale were used for data collection, and data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling using SPSS software version 18 and Amos software. Results: According to the results, the personality traits of extroversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were significantly and negatively related to speaking anxiety (p

Background: Neuroticism is considered one of the important characteristics in the field of psychology for predicting people's behavior, which is based on negative and undesirable experiences and emotions. Much research on the available prediction models based on Attachment styles and psychological well-being has been done, but the mediating role of uncertainty intolerance in this process has not been investigated. Aims: The purpose of the current research was to predict neuroticism traits based on various attachment styles and psychological well-being with the mediation of uncertainty intolerance in college students. Methods: The descriptive-correlation research method of structural equation modeling and the statistical population of the present study includes all students of Islamic Azad University, North Tehran branch. According to Morgan's table, the sample size was 398 people who were selected from among all students in April and May of 2023 as a multi-stage random sampling. The data collection tools in this research include four questionnaires of adult attachment styles, Hazan and Shaver (1987), Riff's psychological well-being short form (1989), NEO-FFI short form by Costa and McCree (1994), and Freestone's uncertainty intolerance scale. Research hypotheses were investigated using structural equation modeling and with the help of PLS software. Results: The results showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between the variable of psychological well-being and secure attachment style with the variable of neuroticism, and there is a positive and significant correlation between the variable of ambivalent attachment style and the variable of neuroticism (P<0.01). The path indicates the significance of the indirect effect of avoidant and ambivalent attachment style through the variable intolerance of uncertainty on neuroticism (P<0.01) and according to the variance inclusion index of the variables of intolerance of uncertainty as mediating variables in the relationship between styles Avoidant and ambivalent attachment were confirmed with psychopathy (VAF>0.20). Conclusion: The findings obtained provide numerous practical applications in the fields of student counseling, educational planning, and personality development. Universities and higher education institutions can design intervention programs to strengthen psychological well-being and encourage secure attachment styles among students, both of which contribute to the reduction of neuroticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Parenting responsibilities for mothers as the main caregivers is a stressful experience that can lead to parental burnout. Therefore, it seems necessary to investigate the underlying factors that increase the risk of maternal burnout. The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between personality traits of neuroticism and conscientiousness and parental burnout in mothers of Tehran City. Materials and Methods: In current descriptive research, the sample size included 286 mothers in Tehran in the period of 2022-2023, who were selected by convenience sampling method. Roskam's Parental Burnout Questionnaire, Gross and John's Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Costa and McCrae's Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by Pearson's and path analysis method. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the examined mothers was 35.78±8.43 years. The results of mediation analysis showed that the direct and indirect relationships between neuroticism and parental burnout through suppression were significant (β=0.194, β=0.069, p<0.01, respectively). Also, the direct and indirect relationships between conscientiousness and parental burnout through reappraisal were significant (β=-0.216, β=-0.078, p<0.05, respectively). Therefore, suppression in the relationship between neuroticism and parental burnout and also reappraisal in the relationship between conscientiousness and parental burnout had a complementary partial mediating role. Conclusion: The present research emphasizes the important role of emotional regulation strategies that link personality traits to parental burnout and also the importance of paying attention to teaching emotional skills to mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: While a variety of emotional, personality, cognitive, and behavioral factors are linked to sleep quality during adolescence, a comprehensive understanding of these factors remains elusive. Aim: The present study aimed to explore the mediating role of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity, neuroticism, dysfunctional attitudes towards sleep, and sleep quality among second-year high school adolescents. Method: The statistical population of this correlational study, which employed structural equation modeling, consisted of all second-year high school students (boys and girls) in Damghan, Iran, during the 2020-2021 academic year. A sample of 329 adolescents was selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling method. To measure the variables under study, the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (1993), the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (1986), the Children's Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003), and the Sleep Quality Questionnaire (1989) were administered. The collected data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and structural equation modeling in SPSS-22 and AMOS-24. Results: The present results indicated the good fit of the research model for the data. Both adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were found to mediate the relationship between the sleep quality of adolescents and anxiety sensitivity, neuroticism, and dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs about sleep (P

Background and purpose: Borderline personality disorder is one of the most common disorders of mental health conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transference-focused psychotherapy and acceptance and commitment treatment on neuroticism and impulsivity in individuals with borderline personality disorder. Materials and methods: In an applied quasi experimental study, we used single subject design involving ABA design in which a behavior is studied at baseline (A), during treatment (B), and after treatment (A). The statistical population included all patients with borderline personality disorder attending Sari Zare Psychiatric Hospital and Sari Mana Clinic in May to June 2020 (n=32). Eleven patients were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly allocated to transference-focused psychoanalysis (n=4), acceptance and commitment-based therapy (n=4) or control group (n=3). Data were collected in five stages: baseline, mid-stage, progress stage, treatment termination stage, and follow-up for one year (100 sessions) using the NEO five-factor personality questionnaire and Barat impulsivity questionnaire. Data analysis was performed applying repeated measures and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: In the repeated measurement test, a significant difference was seen in cognitive impulsivity between the two groups compared to the control group (P=0.025). According to Kruskal-Wallis test, transference-focused psychoanalysis was prioritized. Conclusion: Considering that these two treatment methods do not aim to reduce symptoms, our final results showed that transference-focused psychoanalysis was more effective. But, further studies are need to generalize current findings.

Introduction: While a variety of emotional, personality, cognitive, and behavioral factors are linked to sleep quality during adolescence, a comprehensive understanding of these factors remains elusive . Aim: The present study aimed to explore the mediating role of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity, neuroticism, dysfunctional attitudes towards sleep, and sleep quality among second -year high school adolescents . Method: The statistical population of this correlational study, which employed structural equation modeling, consisted of all second -year high school students (boys and girls) in Damghan, Iran, during the 2020 -2021 academic year. A sample of 329 adolescents was selected through a multi - stage cluster sampling method. To measure the variables under study, the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (1993), the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (1986), the Children's Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003), and the Sleep Quality Questionnaire (1989) were administered. The collected data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and structural equation modeling in SPSS -22 and AMOS -24 . Results: The present results indicated the good fit of the research model for the data. Both adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies were found to mediate the relationship between the sleep quality of adolescents and anxiety sensitivity, neuroticism, and dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs about sleep (P<0.001) . Conclusion: According to the findings, neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies are linked to a poor sleep quality. Conversely, adaptive emotion regulation strategies are associated with a higher sleep quality. Emotion regulation strategies were found to mediate the relationship between sleep quality and factors, such as anxiety sensitivity, neuroticism, and dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs about sleep. Mental health professionals are advised to consider the components examined in this study as they can play a crucial role in enhancing the sleep quality of adolscentse . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Borderline personality disorder is one of the most common disorders of mental health conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transference-focused psychotherapy and acceptance and commitment treatment on neuroticism and impulsivity in individuals with borderline personality disorder. Materials and methods: In an applied quasi experimental study, we used single subject design involving ABA design in which a behavior is studied at baseline (A), during treatment (B), and after treatment (A). The statistical population included all patients with borderline personality disorder attending Sari Zare Psychiatric Hospital and Sari Mana Clinic in May to June 2020 (n=32). Eleven patients were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly allocated to transference-focused psychoanalysis (n=4), acceptance and commitment-based therapy (n=4) or control group (n=3). Data were collected in five stages: baseline, mid-stage, progress stage, treatment termination stage, and followup for one year (100 sessions) using the NEO five-factor personality questionnaire and Barat impulsivity questionnaire. Data analysis was performed applying repeated measures and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: In the repeated measurement test, a significant difference was seen in cognitive impulsivity between the two groups compared to the control group (P=0.025). According to Kruskal-Wallis test, transference-focused psychoanalysis was prioritized. Conclusion: Considering that these two treatment methods do not aim to reduce symptoms, our final results showed that transference-focused psychoanalysis was more effective. But, further studies are need to generalize current findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Motivation is essential in learning and progress. Every person's action has a source of reason whose purpose is to strengthen the person's desirable efforts and feelings. Aim: This study examines the relationship between personality traits and psychological characteristic of achievement motivation among girl’s students. Method: The method was descriptive- correlational. The population includes all students among ShareRay branch of Islamic Azad University, Sama and AmirKabir Universities in 2018-2019. 175 girls were selected by the available sampling method. Subjects completed the Neo Personality Traits (NEO-AC), and Gill Achievement Motivation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient test with using SPSS-20. Results: The results showed that there were significant inverse relationships between neuroticism personality trait with conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness (P0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, the personality characteristics of female students can be mentioned as an important factor in improving their psychological components. Thus, based on the obtained results, it is suggested that in explaining the results related to the psychological characteristics of female students, their personality characteristics and achievement motivation should be considered.

Background: Although numerous factors are at play at different cognitive, personality trait, emotional, and behavioral levels in sleep quality in adolescents, the wider picture is still unclear. Aims: This study aimed to predict sleep quality in adolescents based on dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, neuroticism, Internet addiction, and anxiety sensitivity mediated by emotion regulation strategies and mindfulness. Methods: Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in this study. The statistical population included all female and male senior high school students in Damghan, Iran in the 2020–21 academic year. Three hundred and twenty nine adolescents were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Research instruments were Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS) (Morin et al., 1993), NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Short Form (NEO-FFI-SF) (Costa and McCrae, 1989), Internet Addiction Test (IAT) (Young, 1998), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) (Reiss, Peterson, Gursky, and McNally, 1986), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ–CA) (Gross and John, 2003), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) (Ryan and Brown, 2003), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (Buysse et al., 1989). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and SEM. Results: The findings showed that mindfulness and adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies mediated the relationship of neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, and Internet addiction with sleep quality (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the structural model of the research had a good fit and hence Clinical therapists specializing in adolescents’ mental health are recommended to take into consideration the role of these components.

Introduction: Due to the increasing rate of COVID-19 disease, experiencing high levels of death anxiety is predictable all over the world. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prediction path of death anxiety through fear of COVID-19, neuroticism, behavioral inhibition system, and uncertainty intolerance. Materials and Methods: The research design of this study was descriptive-correlation and of structural equations type. The statistical population of this study included Iranian adults from whom, 400 were selected by the convenient sampling method. Data were collected in July and August 2020 using the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Neo Five-Factor Inventory short form questionnaire (NEO-FFI), the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System Scale (BIS/BAS Scale), and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, in Mashhad- Iran. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation method, path analysis, SPSS version 26, and AMOS version 24. Results: The results showed that there are significant relationships between death anxiety with fear of COVID-19 (P< 0.01), and neuroticism (P< 0.01); between behavioral inhibition system with intolerance of uncertainty (P< 0.01); and between Intolerance of uncertainty with death anxiety (P< 0.01). Also, the path of predicting death anxiety through neuroticism, behavioral inhibition system and intolerance of uncertainty was confirmed at the level of 0.001 and the path was significant. Conclusion: Based on the findings, death anxiety is predicted by the path of fear of COVID-19, neuroticism, behavioral inhibition system, and uncertainty intolerance.

Background and Objective: Factors involved in the formation of thoughts and suicide attempts with the complexity of social interactions and increasing the likelihood of its occurrence in different societies have led to a global effort to control and improve this social problem. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of personality traits in suicide attempts among patients referred to the emergency departments in Gorgan, Iran. Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 80 individuals who attempted suicide and 80 healthy people who had been referred to emergency departments in Gorgan (Iran) in 2020. Demographic information was recorded and personality type was determined based on the NEO Personality Inventory. Results: The prevalence of neurological disorders and previous history of suicide in the person and family of the patients who attempted suicide was significantly higher than that in the control subjects (P

Introduction: The present study aims to examine neuroticism, aggression, and risk taking as predictors of accident-proneness in line employees of National Iranian Drilling Company. Methods: The present correlational predictive study was designed to predict group membership (injured employees, uninjured employees) and achieve the Audit Equation. The statistical population of the study consisted of all injured and uninjured line employees at the National Iranian Drilling Company of Ahvaz working in the company during the last five years (from April 2010 to November 2013). The research sample consisted of 145 injured employees (over the past 5 years) and 115 uninjured employees, selected using simple random sampling method. The subjects were measured by Neo Personality Inventory (Costa and McCrae, 1992), SCL90R Aggression Index, and Risk Taking scale (Westaby and Lee, 2003) questionnaires. Results: The data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software. The results of this study showed that accident-proneness of employees can be predicted only by neuroticism and aggression variables. The risk taking was not able to distinguish between injured and uninjured employees. Conclusion: According to the research results, in order to reduce accident-proneness in employees, personality traits, such as neuroticism and aggression should be considered.

Introduction: Motivation is essential in learning and progress. Every person's action has a source of reason whose purpose is to strengthen the person's desirable efforts and feelings. Aim: This study examines the relationship between personality traits and psychological characteristic of achievement motivation among girl’s students. Method: The method was descriptive - correlational. The population includes all students among ShareRay branch of Islamic Azad University, Sama and AmirKabir Universities in 2018 -2019. 175 girls were selected by the available sampling method. Subjects completed the Neo Personality Traits (NEO -AC), and Gill Achievement Motivation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient test with using SPSS -20. Results: The results showed that there were significant inverse relationships between neuroticism personality trait with conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness (P<0.05), a direct and significant relationship between conscientiousness and agreeableness (P<0.05), and a direct relationship between extraversion with conscientiousness and agreeableness (P<0.05). Finally, none of the personality components had a significant relationship with achievement motivation (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, the personality characteristics of female students can be mentioned as an important factor in improving their psychological components. Thus ; based on the obtained results, it is suggested that in explaining the results related to the psychological characteristics of female students, their personality characteristics and achievement motivation should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Borderline personality disorder is a common mental disorder that is associated with high suicide rates, severe functional impairment, high rates of associated mental disorders, overuse of treatment, and high costs to society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of analytical psychotherapy based on transference-focused psychoanalysis on neuroticism and impulsivity in people with borderline personality. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study with A-B-A design was carried out and the study population included patients (n=32) with borderline personality disorder attending the outpatient department in Zare Psychiatric Hospital and Mana House Clinic in Sari, between May and June 2020. Seven patients were selected by available sampling and were randomly allocated into an experimental group (n=4) and a control group (n=3) and were treated for one year. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (2004) and NEO Personality Inventory (2004) were administered. Statistical analysis was performed using graph analysis, stable change, and recovery rate. Results: Findings showed that transference-focused psychotherapy can be effective on neuroticism and impulsivity in people with borderline personality. Conclusion: The treatment outcome is not success versus failure, however, it may include improvements in a number of functional areas. Further research is also needed to generalize current findings. (Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT20131007014928N7)

Introduction ... [1]. Block describes resilience as the ability to adapt the control level to environmental conditions [2]. Connor has defined resilience as a procedure to estimate a person's ability to cope with stressors and factors that threaten a person's mental health [3]. … [4, 5]. The role of personality traits is one of the issues in the field of resilience [6]. As a result, people respond differently to stress because their individual personality traits encourage different coping strategies. ... [7]. Studies that have examined the relationship between the five major personality factors and resilience are among the studies that have examined the role of personality traits in resilience. These studies are consistent with each other in several results. First, resilience has a significant negative relationship with neuroticism [8], In addition, most of these studies have shown that resilience has a significant positive relationship with extraversion [9]. ... [10]. The research of Joseph and Heyse points out that the strongest predictors of happiness, life satisfaction and mental well-being, among personality traits, are extraversion and conscientiousness which create a personality compatible with high mental well-being in work and social status and various environmental situations [11]. In the study of Sa'adat with the title of "The Relationship between Personality Traits and Resilience", the results indicated a significant negative relationship between neurosis and resilience and a significant positive relationship between extraversion, flexibility and responsibility with resilience, and there was no significant relationship between agreeableness and resilience. Aim(s) The aim of this study was to develop a resilience model based on personality traits mediated by perceived stress in military personnel in Tehran, Iran. (Figure 1). Research Type This research is a correlational type in the form of structural equation modeling. Research Society, Place and Time The population of the study was all employees of a military unit who were serving in Tehran, Iran in 2019. Sampling Method and Number The sample size was 367 people based on Morgan table who were selected by random cluster sampling. Used Devices & Materials … [12-15]. The Connor and Davidson Resilience, NEO Personality Inventory and Perceived Stress questionnaires were used to collect data. A study on the psychometric properties of the resilience scale in the general population and patients showed that the instrument has internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and divergent validity. Mohammadi has standardized this scale for use in Iran. This reliability was obtained by measuring the internal consistency of Cronbach's alpha as 0.89. [2]. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the Neo Personality Traits Questionnaire in Haghshenas research have been reported as C = 0.83, A = 0.71, O = 0.57, E = 0.71 and N=0.81. [16]. The internal consistency reliability coefficients of the perceived Stress scale were also obtained through Cronbach's alpha in the range of 0.84 to 0.86 [16]. Ethical Permissions The objectives of the research and the work process were clarified for the participants in order to maintain the ethical standards in the research. Statistical Analysis Structural equation modeling was used to determine the fitness of the model and to estimate direct and indirect structural effect coefficients. Data were also analyzed using Lisrel 8.5 software. Finding by Text In the present study, all the participants were male. 324 questionnaires were well-completed to be evaluated. 46% (152 people) of the participants had high school diploma, 15.92% (50 people) with associate degree, 32.7% (106 people) had a bachelor's degree and 4.9% (16 people) had a master's degree or higher. Also, 29% were single (94 people) and 71% were married. In addition, 49.7% of the participants served as day shift and 50.3% as shifts of 24 hours a day. The resilience scale of the samples was 57.1±15.7. Table 1 shows the indicators related to descriptive statistics for the study sample, including the mean of the variables of the study. The fit indices of the initial model were evaluated. For fit indices, several sections have been proposed by experts, for example, a value equal to or less than 0.05 for the root of variance of the approximation error, a value equal to or greater than 0.96 with a comparative fit index, equal to or less than 0.07 for the standard root that is the residual variance that indicates the adequate fitness of the model. On the other hand, it has been suggested that if the comparative fit indices, goodness of fit and adjusted goodness of fit are greater than 0.90 and the root mean variance of the approximation error and the root of variance of the residual is less than 0.05, the fit is highly desirable and less than 0.1. Indicates a good fit. No parameter in the measurement models had a sign contrary to the theory (Table 2) and all three methods had a good fit. Some indicators indicated improper fit and in the models the measurement of some parameters was not significant. In the structural relationships of variables, non-significant indicators were removed. After modifying these indicators, the data with the new model had a good fit (Table 2). Finally, out of 30 personality traits in this study, 14 traits explained the resilience model based on personality traits (Figure 2). No parameter in the measurement models had a sign contrary to the theory (Table 2) and all three methods had a good fit. Some indicators indicated improper fit and in the models the measurement of some parameters was not significant. In the structural relationships of variables, non-significant indicators were removed. After modifying these indicators, the data with the new model had a good fit (Table 2). Finally, out of 30 personality traits in this study, 14 traits explained the resilience model based on personality traits (Figure 2). Main Comparison to the Similar Studies [17-23] Sa'adat in examining the relationship between personality traits and resilience has reported a significant negative relationship between neurosis and resilience and a significant positive relationship between extraversion, flexibility and responsibility with resilience and no significant relationship between agreeableness and resilience. Moharramzadeh et al. also studied the relationship between employees' personality traits and burnout in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The results show that people with higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness are more prone to burnout [2]. Examining the path of personality traits to perceived stress showed that personality traits had a direct structural effect on perceived stress. This finding is consistent with the results of Mirhaghi and Sarabian's research on the significant relationship between personality traits and perceived stress. These researchers point out that there is a significant positive relationship between some personality traits (neurosis) and perceived stress and a significant negative relationship between some personality traits (extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness) and perceived stress. Consistent with this finding, we can refer to Ahmadi's research on the prediction of stress and burnout based on the personality traits of nurses. Findings show that neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion and flexibility predict job stress and burnout in nurses. Also in the research of Mir Hassani et al. regarding the mediating role of personality traits in relation to perceived stress and anxiety and depression and physical symptoms, the research findings indicate the relationship between perceived stress and neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness. In explaining this finding, it could be argued that according to the present exploratory model and the structural effect on perceived stress, these traits can be considered as predictors of perceived stress [13]. Examining the path of perceived stress to resilience showed that perceived stress had a direct structural effect on resilience. This finding is consistent with the results of Hosseini and Salimi's research. Pourafzal et al. also reported a significant negative relationship between resilience and perceived stress. Suggestions It is suggested that people with high resilience be selected as employees so that less personal and organizational harms occur and organizational productivity and dynamism increase, and to prevent the loss of manpower and financial capital. Limitations Conducting research in a specific group and not having female samples were of the limitations of this study. Conclusions Based on the explained model, the personality traits components are able to directly predict the changes of the resilience variable and indirectly through the perceived stress variable. According to the findings of this study, 14 out of 30 personality traits form the resilient model. Clinical & Practical Tips in Police Medicine Due to the need for resilient people in stressful jobs such as military occupations, this model can be used in recruiting and locating employees to prevent problems and issues related to employees such as mental disorders and occupational problems and harms and organizational challenges such as work productivity and human resource waste. Acknowledgments This article is taken from the doctoral dissertation approved in the spring of 2018 by the Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran. We thank all the participants of the present study and those who helped us in this research. Conflict of Interest The authors state that there is no conflict of interest in the present study. Funding Sources The present study had no financial support.

Background: Although numerous factors are at play at different cognitive, personality trait, emotional, and behavioral levels in sleep quality in adolescents, the wider picture is still unclear. Aims: This study aimed to predict sleep quality in adolescents based on dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, neuroticism, Internet addiction, and anxiety sensitivity mediated by emotion regulation strategies and mindfulness. Methods: Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in this study. The statistical population included all female and male senior high school students in Damghan, Iran in the 2020 –21 academic year. Three hundred and twenty nine adolescents were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Research instruments were Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS) (Morin et al., 1993), NEO Five -Factor Inventory, Short Form (NEO -FFI -SF) (Costa and McCrae, 1989), Internet Addiction Test (IAT) (Young, 1998), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) (Reiss, Peterson, Gursky, and McNally, 1986), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ –CA) (Gross and John, 2003), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) (Ryan and Brown, 2003), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (Buysse et al., 1989). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and SEM. Results: The findings showed that mindfulness and adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies mediated the relationship of neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, and Internet addiction with sleep quality (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the structural model of the research had a good fit and hence Clinical therapists specializing in adolescents’ mental health are recommended to take into consideration the role of these components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Factors involved in the formation of thoughts and suicide attempts with the complexity of social interactions and increasing the likelihood of its occurrence in different societies have led to a global effort to control and improve this social problem. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of personality traits in suicide attempts among patients referred to the emergency departments in Gorgan, Iran. Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 80 individuals who attempted suicide and 80 healthy people who had been referred to emergency departments in Gorgan (Iran) in 2020. Demographic information was recorded and personality type was determined based on the NEO Personality Inventory. Results: The prevalence of neurological disorders and previous history of suicide in the person and family of the patients who attempted suicide was significantly higher than that in the control subjects (P<0.05). Neuroticism was significantly more prevalent in patients who attempted suicide (P<0.05), but the tendency to extroversion, conscientiousness, openness and agreeableness in patients who attempted suicide was significantly lower compared with the control group. Conclusion: Given the role of personality traits, especially neuroticism, in suicide attempts, attention to personality traits on suicidal behavior provides important data for improving the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Personality components alongside with other psychological characteristics such as risk perception, anxiety sensitivity, and metacognitive belifs are considered as the most important and effective factors to pandemic. Neuroticism and extraversion have attracted more attention of the researchers, however, the mediatory role of psychological constructs in corona pandemic have been less investigated. Aims: The present study is aimed at investigating the mediatory role of risk perception and anxiety sensitivity in the structural relations of neuroticism and extravertion with the psychological and behavioral problems of Corona virus. Methods: This study had a descriptive correlational design. The population of the study was all Iranian community individuals who lived in the country within he first 6-month of the 2020 year. A sample of 649 participants enrolled to the study through purposeful sampling. To collect the data, the psychological and behavioral problems of Corona virus questionnaire (authors’ designed), along with anxiety sensitivity index (Reiss, Peterson, Gursky, & McNally, 1986), big five personality (Donnellan, Oswald, Baird, & Lucas, 2006), and risk perception (Benthin, Slovic, & Severson, 1993) scales were used. Results: The evaluation of the hypothesized model using goodness-of-fit indices indicated that our proposed model fits with the measured model (CFI=0/96, NFI=0/94, and RMSEA=0/054). Statistical analyses revealed that risk perception and anxiety sensitivity could play mediating role in the structural relations of neuroticism and extravertion with the psychological and behavioral problems of Corona with standard coefficients of -0/052 and 0/161 (p < 0/05). Also, neuroticism has significant effect on the psychological and behavioral problems of Corona with the mediation of risk perception with standard coefficient of 0/100 (p < 0/05). Conclusion: It assumed that the psychological and behavioral problems of Corona virus is effected by some psychological factors through direct and indirect ways and their inclusion in the comprehensive plans of health system is preferred

Background and Objective: Anxiety is an important aspect of neuroticism and may be related to potential mechanisms such as resilience. This study aimed to predict generalized anxiety in neurotic people based on resilience. Materials and Methods: This was a correlational forecasting study. The study population consisted of students of Arak University, Arak, Iran, in 2019, from whom a sample of 300 individuals was selected using the convenience sampling method. The study tools for data collection included the Neuroticism scale of NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Eventually, 70 participants who obtained high scores on the Neuroticism Scale (score 24 and over) were studied. Results: Simultaneous multiple regression analysis showed that resilience components predicted about 31% of the variance of generalized anxiety in neurotic people (F=5.846, P< 0.001). It was revealed that the components of notion of personal competence, high standards, and tenacity (with a Beta coefficient of -0.446), and positive acceptance of change and secure relationships (with a Beta coefficient of -0.439) had a negative and significant role in this prediction. However, other components did not have a significant role in this regard. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, resilience in accordance with the components of notion of personal competence and positive acceptance of change is an important variable for the prediction of generalized anxiety in neurotic people that should be seriously considered and strengthened to reduce anxiety.

Background and purpose: Borderline personality disorder is a common mental disorder that is associated with high suicide rates, severe functional impairment, high rates of associated mental disorders, overuse of treatment, and high costs to society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of analytical psychotherapy based on transference-focused psychoanalysis on neuroticism and impulsivity in people with borderline personality. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study with A-B-A design was carried out and the study population included patients (n=32) with borderline personality disorder attending the outpatient department in Zare Psychiatric Hospital and Mana House Clinic in Sari, between May and June 2020. Seven patients were selected by available sampling and were randomly allocated into an experimental group (n=4) and a control group (n=3) and were treated for one year. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (2004) and NEO Personality Inventory (2004) were administered. Statistical analysis was performed using graph analysis, stable change, and recovery rate. Results: Findings showed that transference-focused psychotherapy can be effective on neuroticism and impulsivity in people with borderline personality. Conclusion: The treatment outcome is not success versus failure, however, it may include improvements in a number of functional areas. Further research is also needed to generalize current findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to design and test a structural model of the antecedents of borderline personality symptoms including neuroticism, emotional intelligence, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the quality of life of university students. The research design was correlational and 300 students from the Payame-Noor University of Najafabad were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the NEO-FFI, the Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale, and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, WHOQOL, and Schizotypal Trait Questionnaire-B form. To test the model, the structural equation modeling method was used. In this analysis, the maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the model parameters, and the bootstrap method was used to investigate the significance of the indirect effects of the model. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that the fit indices of the model are desirable. The results of studying the direct effects of the model showed that all direct effects, except the effect of emotional intelligence on borderline personality symptoms, were significant. The results of the bootstrap test also showed that the indirect effects of neuroticism and emotional intelligence on quality of life were significant. In general, these results indicate that emotion regulation strategies can mediate the relationship between personality traits, borderline personality symptoms and quality of life. Given the importance of emotion regulation strategies in explaining borderline personality symptoms and quality of life, it can be suggested to the university students’ mental health authorities to take appropriate interventions in this area.

Introduction: The anxiety is a main aspect of neuroticism that may be related to variables such as cognitive flexibility. Aim: The aim of present research was to explain generalized anxiety in neurotic people based on cognitive flexibility. Method: This research was a correlational design study. The research population consisted of students of Arak University in 2019, from which a sample of 300 people was selected by convenience sampling method. At first, the Neuroticism Scale of NEO-FFI, Brief Scale of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) were administered. Then, 70 participants who had high scores in neuroticism based on the Neuroticism Scale (score of 24 and above) were studied. The data were analyzed using simultaneous multiple regression method, by SPSS software, version 21. Results: The results showed that component of cognitive flexibility predicted approximately 18% of variance in generalized anxiety in people with neuroticism (F=7.141, p

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of perfectionism and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between insecure attachment and neuroticism with insomnia. The study sample consisted of 381 female and male students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences who were selected by cluster sampling. Participants answered the Insomnia Severity Index, NEO-Personality Inventory–Revised (NEO-FF-R), Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, attachment style questionnaire and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings indicated that the causal model had suitable fitness. According to the findings, neuroticism had a direct and indirect significant relationship with insomnia through the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, also insecure attachment directly correlated with insomnia, but indirect effect of this variable on insomnia through maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies was not significant. Both neuroticism and insecure attachment had indirect significant relationship with insomnia through the chained mediating effect of perfectionism and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The obtained results showed that interpersonal, personality and emotional–cognitive factors had important roles in explanation of insomnia. So their role should be considered in prevention and treatment programs.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Neuroticism and extroversion have a high and positive relationship with psychological problems such as anxiety and depression. Since cardiovascular diseases are also considered as psychotic that can be reduced by modifying lifestyles and changing high risk behaviors this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on neuroticism and lifestyle of cardiovascular patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 30 patients with cardiovascular disease referred to Rouhani Hospital in Babol who were randomly divided into two groups of emotional schema therapy and control. The emotional schema therapy protocol was performed during 12 weekly sessions of 2 hours. Using NEO-FFI (score 12-60) and Health Promoting Lifestyle (HPLPII) questionnaires (score 48-192), before the intervention, after the intervention and one month later, the two groups were evaluated and compared. FINDINGS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and sex. The mean scores of neuroticism before and after the intervention in the control group were 38.93±7.31 and 37.80±4.63, respectively, and in the emotional schema therapy group were 37.73±6.94 and 32.53±6.75, respectively. The mean score of promoter lifestyle in emotional schema therapy group before and after the intervention was 113.13±28.25 and 138±32.27, respectively (p

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of defense mechanisms and feeling of guilt in the relationship between personality traits with dissociation experiences. The research method was a descriptive-correlational type. The population of the study consisted of all citizens living in Karaj selected from recreational, cultural, and art centers using cluster sampling (241 females and 207 males: N=550). The measurement scales used in the study NEO Five-Factor (NEO), Defense Style-40 (DSQ-40), Guilt Inventory (GI), and Dissociative Experiences (DES). The structural equation modeling and Amos-24 software were used to analyze the data. The results of the present study showed the existence of an indirect coefficient path between neuroticism and dissociation experiences (β=0.044, p < 0.01); openness and dissociation experiences (β=0.040, p < 0.01); neuroticism and feeling of guilt (β=0.72, p < 0.05); openness and feeling of guilt (β=-0.081, p < 0.05), and maladaptive defense mechanisms and dissociation experiences (β=0.068, p < 0.01). Clinicians and therapists are advised to target the defense mechanisms leading to excessive feelings of blame and guilt, and also dissociation experiences.

Introduction: The anxiety is a main aspect of neuroticism that may be related to variables such as cognitive flexibility. Aim: The aim of present research was to explain generalized anxiety in neurotic people based on cognitive flexibility. Method: This research was a correlational design study. The research population consisted of students of Arak University in 2019, from which a sample of 300 people was selected by convenience sampling method. At first, the Neuroticism Scale of NEO-FFI, Brief Scale of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) were administered. Then, 70 participants who had high scores in neuroticism based on the Neuroticism Scale (score of 24 and above) were studied. The data were analyzed using simultaneous multiple regression method, by SPSS software, version 21. Results: The results showed that component of cognitive flexibility predicted approximately 18% of variance in generalized anxiety in people with neuroticism (F=7.141, p<0.001), that perceive the controllability (with a Beta coefficient of -0.417) had a significant role in this prediction, while the cognitive alternatives did not have a significant role. Conclusion: It can be said that perceive the controllability is an important variable in predicting the generalized anxiety of neurotic people that should be seriously considered to moderate their anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Life satisfaction is so important that it can be said that it is the goal of life. However, reports show life satisfaction is low among Iranian students. The result of this issue, for example, is leaving the country. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between personality and satisfaction of life among students. Method: A sample of 407 students were employed in this study and the measument instruments were five factors of personality (NEO) and Diner, et al,'s life satisfaction. Results: Results show 56% of the respondents had a high level of neuroticism and agreeableness. Also, 48% had high-level of Conscientiousness, 51% had low level of extraversion and 56% had low level of openness. Conclusion: Extraversion and Conscientiousness were the most important predictors of students' life satisfaction, respectively.

The aim of this research was to compare durable vulnerables. That is, the relationship beliefs of couples; original family function; and neuroticism in divorce among men and women. The statistical population of this study were all men and women divorce applicants in Ardabil. For this reason, in a cross-sectional and retrospective study, 200 men and women were selected (100 men and 100 women). The instruments used were Neuroticism Subscale of NEO- FFI, Family of Origin Scale (FOS) and Relationship Beliefs Inventory (RBI). Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The findings show that in the men's group, the pathway of original family function with relationship beliefs (β = -0.21), pathway of the original family with neuroticism (β = -0.29) and neuroticism with relationship beliefs (0.32) = β) are significant. In the female group, the pathway of the original family with neuroticism (β = -0.24) and neuroticism with relationship beliefs (β = 0.29) are significant. Also, the results of the bootstrap test indicate that in both groups, neuroticism has a mediocre role between the original family function and the couples' relationship beliefs. Based on the findings of this research, it may be concluded that the hypothesized model has good fitness in both groups and the original family function and neuroticism are important determinants of couples' relationship beliefs.

Fear of giving birth today is one of the important problems in women's pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the fear of delivery process considering the two personality dimensions of neuroticism and extroversion in pregnant women. The statistical population included all pregnant women in Tehran .Using a randomized controlled trial, a sample of 50 pregnant women were selected using available sampling method and randomly divided into two control and experimental groups each containing 25 persons. The research investment was the Hartmann fear of delivery Questionnaire , reasons of fear of delivery Questionnaire, and the NEO Personality Questionaire. questionnaires for fear of delivery and fear of delivery of Hartman. Data were extracted from questionnaires and analyzed by covariance analysis .The results of covariance test showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy reduced the fear of delivery in pregnant women compared to the control group. The results showed that the pain component had the highest reduction and the premature delivery component had the least reduction. Also, the results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy did not affect personality traits (neuroticism &extroversion). Based on the results, we can say that cognitive-behavioral education during pregnancy can be effective in reducing fear of delivery process.

Aim and Background: Hypersexual disorder is defined as many unsuccessful attempts by individuals to control or reduce the time spent engaging in sexual fantasies, tendencies, and behaviors that are responsive to frustrating mood situations or stressful events. The purpose of this study was to predict hypersexual disorder in university students based on the big five personality traits. Methods and Materials: In this descriptive research, 320 students in Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran, were randomly selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method based on the faculty and class in the academic year of 2016-2017. The participants completed the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI) and the NEO Personality Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Pearson correlation tests, and multiple linear regressions. Findings: Hypersexual disorder had a negative and significant relationship with the dimensions of agreeableness (P ˂ 0.01, r = -0.29) and conscientiousness (P < 0.05, r = -0.12), and had a positive and significant relationship with neuroticism (P < 0.01, r = 0.46). Moreover, the big five personality traits (R 2 = 23.9%) could favorably predict the hypersexual disorder in the university students; and personality dimensions of agreeableness and neuroticism were able to predict the variance of hypersexual disorder in university students. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate the necessity of considering personality dimensions of agreeableness and neuroticism in hypersexual disorder among university students.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and factors such as genetic, environmental and psychological factors play an important role in the maintenance of emotional and mood problems Caused by the disease. There are many variables which relate to this issue and influence on it. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the relationship between neuroticism, illness perception, social support and Cognitive Emotion Regulation with depression among patient of asthma to answer this question, are these psychological variables able to predict meaningfully the depression of these patients. The research method is descriptive in multi-variable correlational design (step by step regression)., to do so 120 patient with asthma were selected using at-hand sampling and were studied; they completed the perception social support questionnaires (1988), Beck depression inventory (1996), Cognitive Emotion Regulation inventory (2001), Illness perception (2006), Big five personality trait scale (1986). Depression had a significant and positive relationship with illness perception (P

Objectives This study aimed to analyze the relationship personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) and self-efficacy with aging depression in retiree male teachers in Harsin City, Iran. Methods & Materials The present study followed a cross-sectional descriptive correlation method. In this research, a total of 173 retiree male teachers in Harsin were selected by random sampling method. Research tools included geriatric depression scale, NEO five-factor inventory and generalized self-efficacy scale. Results The obtained information was separately analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and regression. This research showed significant negative associations between aging depression with extraversion (r=-0.65, P

Introduction: since development of an organization considerably requires accurate hiring of human resources, their job satisfaction has been paid into attention in psychological studies. Purpose: The present study was conducted to predict job satisfaction based on personality type and perceived social support. Method: The statistical universe included all employees of Iran Khodro Car Making Company except the management categories (top managers, senior managers, directors, supervisors and night shoft workers). A sample size of 120 individuals was selected using cluster sampling method. The research tools included Smith’s Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, NEO Five-Factor Inventory and Bruwer’s Scale of Perceived Social Support. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated that neuroticism has a positive correlation with job promotion and extraversion has a positive correlation with family support, friends support, total score of social support, nature of work component, supervision and total score of job satisfaction. Agreeableness has a positive correlation with friends’ support, nature of work component, supervision and colleagues while it has a negative correlation with the component salary and benefits. Flexibility has a positive correlation with family support, total score of social support, nature of work and colleagues. Accountability has a positive correlation with family support, total score of social support, nature of work component and job satisfaction while family support had a significant correlation with none of the components of job satisfaction. The friends’ support has a positive correlation with nature of work, supervision, colleagues and total score of job satisfaction while it has a negative correlation with the component salary and benefits. The others’ support has a positive correlation with the components supervision, nature of work, salary and benefits and total score of job satisfaction while it has a negative correlation with the components job promotion and colleagues. Conclusion: based on regression analysis results, the components friends’ support and social support could explain job satisfaction among predictor variable (five personality factors and social support). The components extraversion and neuroticism could explain the salary and benefits. The components agreeableness and friends’ support could explain the salary and benefits. The components friends’ support, others’ support and agreeableness explained the component supervision. The variables friends’ support, social support and flexibility explained the colleagues. The variables neuroticism, flexibility and extraversion explain the component job promotion.

Introduction: Neuroticism is defined as a general tendency to experience negative feelings. This factor is very important in psychology to predict of people’s behavior. Aim: The peresent study aimed at Predicting neuroticism based on attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas in clients of counseling centers in the City of Qom. Method: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all patients of counseling centers in Qom in 1395. A sample of 77 women and 50 men were randomly selected. Measurement tools included NEO Personality Inventory (NEO long form, NEO-PI-R), the Young Schema Questionnaire (long-form third edition of 232 questions) and Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI). To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used. Results: The results showed that the entire early maladaptive schemas and all three attachment styles (secure, avoidant, ambivalent) could significantly predict neuroticism of clients of counseling centers (P˂0.05), (P˂0.01). Although all early maladaptive schemas and all three attachment was negatively correlated with neuroticism, and also three schmas namely abandonment/instability, insufficient self-control/ self-discipline, and negativity/ pessimism and two attachment styles that are secure and ambivalent predicted neuroticism more accurately. Conclusion: Results revealed that the simultaneous role of attachment styles and early maladaptive schemas is significant in the Prediction of neuroticism. They imply that in counseling sessions with patients who suffer from neuroticisim, the counsellor must take into consideration the early maladaptive schemas and attachment styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of personal values in the relationship between neuroticism and problematic internet use (PIU) in the student population. The statistical population of this study included all university students of Tehran city. 358 undergraduate students of Tehran, Kharazmi and Shahid Beheshti universities were selected by convenience sampling method. Participants responded to the Internet Abusive Use questionnaire, the Valued Living Questionnaire, and the Neuroticism-NEO-Five Factor Inventory. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling as implemented in SPSS-20 and LISREL-8.53 software. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the conceptual model of the research fitted well with the experimental data and the personal values played a full mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and PIU. The results of path analysis also showed that neuroticism has the most indirect effect on PIU through family relations value, intimate relation value, spirituality-religion value, physical well-being value, social relations value and learning. It can be concluded from the results of the study that personal values play as a full mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and PIU and in the presence of personal values, direct path neuroticism and PIU was no longer meaningful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of present research was to compare attribution styles and belief to just world in extraversion, neuroticism and normal people. For this purpose three groups include extraverted, neurotic and normal were selected by simple random sampling method from Semnan University students and answered to attribution styles questionnaire, belief in a just world for self and others and NEO-FFI. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance. Findings indicated that there are significant difference in internal negative, internal positive and total positive attribution styles among normal and neuroticism. Also findings showed that there are significant differences in internal positive, stable positive, general positive and total positive attribution styles among extraverted and neurotic individuals. About belief in a just world (for self and others), there was significant differences between groups. According to findings, it can be concluded that people of groups tend to use different attribution styles and show different rate of belief in a just world and in this way are adjustment with their life events.

Improving education students is one of the major goals of contemporary education system .The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between neuroticism, procrastination and Internet addiction in the second and third year high school female students in Dezful city. In this study which was a descriptive with correlational. The study population included all female students in second and third year of high school Dezful that 220 students were selected randomly as the sample. The measurement tool Costa & McCrae Inventory, Young Addiction to Internet Questionnaire and Solomon & Rothblum Procrastination Questionnaire that was completed by the participants. For statistical data analysis, correctional coefficients and regression analysis is used. There were Negative significant relationship between neuroticism; procrastination and Internet addiction with academic achievement. According to the findings of this study can be said the amounts of academic procrastination among students are increasing. Then using of the effective coping strategies, leads the increasing the educational status of students.

Introduction: Life satisfaction is so important that it can be said that it is the goal of life. However, reports show life satisfaction is low among Iranian students. The result of this issue, for example, is leaving the country. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between personality and satisfaction of life among students. Method: A sample of 407 students were employed in this study and the measument instruments were five factors of personality (NEO) and Diner, et al,'s life satisfaction. Results: Results show 56% of the respondents had a high level of neuroticism and agreeableness. Also, 48% had high- level of Conscientiousness, 51% had low level of extraversion and 56% had low level of openness. Conclusion: Extraversion and Conscientiousness were the most important predictors of students' life satisfaction, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The purpose of this study is the comparison of Eysnck personality dimensions of extraversion, neuroticism and phsychoticism in people with morning-evening cycles. Method: The method of the study is ex post facto. 90 M.A students of Tarbit Modares University were selected by purposeful sampling (30 people with morning cycle and 30 people with evening cycle and 30 balanced people). They completed morning-evening personality questionnaire and also the Eysnck personality questionnaire. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Results: The results showed that there's no significant difference between the three groups of morning-evening and balanced in relation with extraversion and neuroticism. However, phsychoticism was significantly different in these groups and each group showed higher scores in phychoticism. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that people with evening cycle has higher psychoticism in comparison with people with morning cycle. This difference is probably due to the wide similarities between eveningness and psychoticism. For example, impulsivity which is a salient feature of psychotic people has a strong relationship with evening cycle. The result can be useful in better planning of optimal usage of people abilities during the day.

Background: Chronic renal disease is highly associated with reduced quality of life and hope has an important role in improving the quality of life of dialysis patients. The study aimed to examine the mediating role of hope on the relationship between neuroticism and extraversion factors and quality of life in dialysis patients. Method: In a correlative study, 100 dialysis patients from Qom hospitals were selected by cluster random sampling and participants completed quality of life, Snyder hope scale and NEO personality inventory. Data were analyzed by using a Structural Equation Modeling. Results: The structural equation model revealed that hope has mediating role in relationship between neuroticism and extraversion factors and quality of life in dialysis patients. This means that neuroticism has negative indirect effect and extraversion has positive indirect effect due to hope on quality of life. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, neuroticism and extraversion factors play an important role in the hope of dialysis patients that have an impact on the quality of life for dialysis patients.

Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the moderating role of personality traits in the relationship between attachment styles and attitude towards drugs. Method: To this end, 190 first-semester students of Tehran Payam Noor University (south center) in 2013-2014 were randomly selected and requested to complete adult attachment scale, Eysenck personality questionnaire, and attitude towards drugs questionnaire. Results: The results of this study indicated that only avoidance attachment style could predict attitude towards drugs and this relationship could be significantly moderated by neuroticism. Conclusion: The results of this study can have applications and implications in the development of treatment and training programs for addiction prevention in vulnerable populations.

Procrastination refers to the practice of carrying out less urgent tasks or doing pleasurable things in place of more urgent ones, thus putting off impending tasks to a later time. Many studies have addressed the effects of contextual factors and personality traits on procrastination. The purpose of this study was to predict procrastination based on personality traits with mediating role of self-regulation learning strategies. To do this, 320 students (170 males and 150 females) were selected randomly through multistage cluster sampling among tehran university. The data collection was done through 3 different scales: Solomon & Rathblom procrastination assessment scale-student (PASS), Goldberg Personality scale, and self-regulation learning strategies. These instruments showed appropriate reliability and validity. Path analysis was the major statistical operation run in the study. The results by path analysis technique showed that the relationship between Personality and procrastination was influenced by self-regulation learning strategies. Neuroticism and extraversion had positive direct and indirect effects on procrastination. In addition, conscientiousness and openness to experience had negative direct and indirect effects on procrastination. Cognitive strategies and meta cognitive strategies had negative effects on procrastination. In summary, the results showed that self-regulation learning strategies could have a mediator role in the relationship between personality traits and procrastination. This model provides a good pattern for explaining academic procrastination, which parents, teachers and counselors could use for decreasing academic procrastination.

Introduction: Learning style is performance indicators for each individual in the process of receiving information for learning. Personality traits are the factors affecting learning styles and Knowledge of personality is helpful to effectively tackle the problems of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and and kolb learning style that among Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences was conducted. Methods: Research method was correlation, and statistical population included and 300 students participated in this study Participants were asked to complete the five factor personality questionnaire (NEO-FFI) and kolb leaning style questionnaireThe reliability and validity of the scales were reported optimal. In order to test study hypothesis multiple regression analysis and MANOVA were used. Results: The results showed that there were significant relationships among the components of personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness desire for new experiences) and their lerning style. But there was no significant relationship between neuroticism and duti fulness. In addition, there is the significant negative correlation between extraversion and converging learning style (Pvalue=0.00, β=-0.48) and the desire for new experiences has a significant positive relationship with converging learning style (Pvalue =0.01, β=-0.29). There is the significant negative correlation between agreement and divergent learning style (Pvalue =0.02, β=-0.27) and the desire for new experiences has a significant positive relationship with converging learning style (Pvalue =0.001, β=-0.37). Conclusion: The results showed that there were significant relationships among the components of personality traits and their lerning style. But there was no significant relationship between neuroticism and duti fulness. In addition, there is the significant negative correlation between extraversion and converging learning style. And the desire for new experiences has a significant positive relationship with converging learning style. There is the significant negative correlation between agreement and divergent learning style. And the desire for new experiences has a significant positive relationship with converging learning style.

Background and aims: Pain is the most popular of mental pressure that human face with. Based on the role of psychological factors in the formation and persistence of chronic pain and disability caused by it, this study was aimed to determine the fitness of cognitive-personality model of generalized anxiety disorder to explain the perception of pain in patients with chronic pain. Methods: This study was conducted in the context of a correlation research in the type of structural equation. The sample were consisted of 210 patients (146 female and 64 male) referred to a specialized pain clinics in Rasht city that based on clinical interviews had generalized anxiety disorder symptom, and they were selected by available sampling and were completed perception of pain, worry, rumination and neurosis questionnaires. Data were analyzed by using descriptive measures of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation model. Results: The results showed that neuroticism is associated with pain perception by mediated role of worry in people with pain disorder (P<0.01). Also, direct effect of worry and rumination with neuroticism were significant (P<0.01), but the direct effect of rumination with pain perception was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The research findings revealed that worry and neuroticism variables involved to explaining the perception of pain in patients with chronic pain and generalized anxiety. Therefore, more attention to cognitive and personality structures in the area of chronic pain is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of present research was to compare attribution styles and belief to just world in extraversion, neuroticism and normal people. For this purpose three groups include extraverted, neurotic and normal were selected by simple random sampling method from Semnan University students and answered to attribution styles questionnaire, belief in a just world for self and others and NEO-FFI. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance. Findings indicated that there are significant difference in internal negative, internal positive and total positive attribution styles among normal and neuroticism. Also findings showed that there are significant differences in internal positive, stable positive, general positive and total positive attribution styles among extraverted and neurotic individuals. About belief in a just world (for self and others), there was significant differences between groups. According to findings, it can be concluded that people of groups tend to use different attribution styles and show different rate of belief in a just world and in this way are adjustment with their life events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although employees are expected to contribute to the development of organization with their knowledge, ideas, opinions and suggestions, they sometimes prefer to remain silent. Personality can be important in employers’ decision to speak up about organizational issues. This study aims to examine the effects of Personality on knowledge-based employee silence. The objective of this research is to investigate the role of personality traits in silence formation among Personnel of RIPI. The population consisted of all knowledge workers in RIPI. Sample Size based on Morgans’ table is 180 persons. The main tool to gather data is questionnaires and data has been analyzed with LISREL software. Research methodology includes both descriptive and correlation analysis based on structural equation modeling. Research results indicate that personality dimensions such as extraversion, openness to experience and Conscientiousness have a negative and meaningful relationship with silence; whereas Agreeableness has a positive and meaningful relationship with silence, and finally, Neuroticism didn’t have meaningful relationship with silence

The purpose of this study is examining and determining the personality profile of the accounting students and professional accountants. The Five-Factor Model of Personality (NEO) is used for that purpose. The sample was consisted of 97 accounting students and 80 professional accountants. A descriptive and inferential analysis is used for analyzing the data. In order to test the hypothesis, Independent Samples t-Test and one sample T Test is used. The results suggest that about 70.52% of accounting students, 55.69% of professional accountants, and 63.79% of overall accountants have conscientiousness personality profile (C). Also, there are not any significant differences between the personality profile of the accounting students and professional accountants. Furthermore, at the level of 5% significant, the accountants' personality profile is conscientiousness personality profile (C). These results can be used in accounting education context.