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Objective Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the anxiety disorders caused by a specific event, which can be catastrophic events (natural disasters, war, imprisonment in a forced labor camp) or everyday adversities (death of relatives, divorce, carrying bags). Since patients who have recovered from COVID-19 are exposed to such events, this research was conducted to determine the prevalence of PTSD in this group. Materials & Methods This study was cross-sectional. The statistical population included all patients who recovered from COVID-19 between November 2021 and February 2022 in Hamedan City, Iran; based on Krejcie and Morgan’s sample size table, 185 patients were selected by simple random sampling method. The research tool was the demographic questionnaire and the Mississippi post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire (Mississippi PTSD); the data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results The results showed that the Mean±SD score of PTSD was 80.37±17.37 in the subjects who recovered from COVID-19. The relationship between the demographic variables of gender (P=0.01), education (P=0.039), occupation (P=0.24), marriage (P=0.62), age (P=0.048), weight (P=0.047), height (P=0.023) with PTSD were reported. Conclusion The results showed that 76.2% of people who recovered from COVID-19 were exposed to PTSD with moderate and high severity; therefore, techniques to reduce anxiety from the coronavirus are recommended.

Background & aim: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most common psychological consequence of traumatic events, which is usually accompanied by functional impairment, which is often accompanied by other psychological disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the indicators of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma patients referred to the examination department of the General Administration of Forensic Medicine of Fars province. Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional one conducted in the years 2020 and 2021. In the present study, 160 participants were selected accidentally among people who experienced trauma and referred to the forensic medical examination centers in Shiraz. In this study, people with the age of 18 years or more who agreed to participate in the study and who were referred for the purpose of evaluating injuries caused by trauma, were included in the study. In this study, the participants were evaluated using the Trauma Exposure Questionnaire (PCL-5) and DSM-5 post-traumatic stress disorder levels. Results: In the present study, 160 people referred to the forensic medical examination unit were examined, including 91 men (56.87%) and 69 women (43.12%). Of these, 75 people (46.87%) qualified for PTSD based on ICD-10 criteria. The average age of the subjects was 45.67 ± 11.96 years, the youngest of whom was 18 years old and the oldest was 75 years old. Among the subjects studied, 9 people (12.00%) had a history of drinking alcoholic beverages, 6 people (8.00%) had a history of addiction, and 26 people (34.66%) had a history of smoking. On the other hand, 13 of the participants in this study had a history of visiting psychiatrists and psychologists and taking medication for psychological disorders. PTSD clinical evaluations measured in the studied subjects showed subclinical PTSD in 15 people, clinical form in 31 people, sub-group I PTSD in 7 people, sub-group II PTSD in 13 people, sub-group III PTSD in 6 people and Subgroup IV PTSD was observed in 3 people. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate a considerable frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma clients referred to the examination department of the General administration of Forensic Medicine in Shiraz. Psychological support for victims of traumatic events is of great importance in order to prevent secondary complications and prevent chronic PTSD in people.

Objective As a universal problem, cancer is the third cause of deaths in Iran. Recent advances in the treatment of this disease have been led to the prolonged life of these patients and increased the importance of paying attention to their psychological adaptation to the disease. Since the disease is a threat to individual life, perceiving the diagnosis of this disease can cause post-traumatic symptoms and intensify the psychological reactivity of the individual. This study conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) on reducing the post-traumatic symptoms and interpersonal reactivity in patients with cancer. Materials & Methods This research is a pilot experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all female cancer patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), admitted to the Blood and Oncology Department of Motahari Hospital of Foulad Shahr of Isfahan from July to September of 2016, and had completed complementary and maintenance chemotherapy and radiology treatments. To select the subjects, the list of all patients with cancer diagnosis was obtained and after referring them to the site of the section and explaining the goals of this research, the scale of PTSD and the interpersonal reactivity were conducted to the all 63 hospitalizations and after collecting data, 30 of these people who had a score higher than 65 in the scale of Mississippi PTSD, and had malignant diagnosis were selected. In the next stage, structured clinical interviews, on the basis of DSM-5 criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD symptoms, and after confirmation of diagnosis, subjects were assigned to experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15). The experimental group received 6 sessions of 90 minutes of NET, but the control group received no treatment. Collected data were analyzed by MANCOVA and ANCOVA tests using SPSS 18 software. Results According to the results, after controlling for the pre-test effects, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in the total score of the PTSD scale and the components of malicious memories, interpersonal communication, emotion control, depression, and two interactive reactivity components, namely, empathy and personal discomfort exist (P

Aims: Although war finished years ago, disabled veterans are still experiencing a lot of physical and psychological problems, which can seriously affect well-being of their wives and other members of their families. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of two approaches: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on psychological well-being of veterans’ wives with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up phase after one month was conducted in 2016 among 43 veterans’ wives with PTSD in Kuhdasht city. The subjects were randomly selected and randomly assigned into ACT group (13 people), MBCT group (13 people) and control group (15 people). Experimental groups were treated in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group received no cure. Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being (RSPB) was employed as the data collection instrument. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 using repeated measures analysis of variance, multiple analysis of variance and Shafachr('39')s post hoc test. Results: In posttest and follow-up phase, there was a significant difference between ACT and MBCT groups with control group (p0.05). Conclusion: Two approaches of ACT and MBCT are effective on increasing the psychological well-being of veteranschr('39') wives with PTSD.

Objective (s): Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a set of illness symptoms that happen in people who experience or witness a traumatic event. Various factors may have a role in the intensity of these symptoms. This research was conducted with the aim of finding the role of attachment to God and perceived social support in prediction of the intensity of these symptoms. Also, the two variables of age and the time passed since the traumatic event were taken into consideration. Methods: The population included all mothers in Tehran who received rehabilitation and welfare services. One hundred and three mothers were selected via the purposeful (qualitative) sampling method. Data were collected using a PTSD questionnaire, a questionnaire on attachment to God and a questionnaire on perceived social support. The stepwise regression model was used to analyze the data. Results: Results showed that attachment to God and social support from friends was predictors of reduced PTSD. It was also determined that age and the time since the traumatic event have no meaningful relationship with PTSD. Conclusion: It seems that spiritual and social factors with multiple functions can be largely effective in reducing PTSD

Aim and Background: Due to the importance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Iran, several studies have investigated the effects of different treatments on patients with PTSD. Most of these studies have had a similar theoretical basis along with medical treatments and often their results were unsatisfactory. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of neurofeedback on anxiety, depression, and war post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. Methods and Materials: In the present study, 29 patients with PTSD were selected In Kermanshah, Iran, using convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to control (n = 14) and experimental groups (n = 15). The two groups were matched in terms of demographic characteristics. The therapeutic program was carried out for 20-25 sessions in the experimental group. The data collection tools consisted of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R), alpha/theta protocol, and the neurofeedback instrument. Findings: Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant reduction (P < 0.001) depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms after the intervention. In the assessment of variation between subjects, a significant reduction was observed in depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings showed that neurofeedback in the form of alpha/theta protocol can involve significant clinical application for patients with PTSD.

Objective As a universal problem, cancer is the third cause of deaths in Iran. Recent advances in the treatment of this disease have been led to the prolonged life of these patients and increased the importance of paying attention to their psychological adaptation to the disease. Since the disease is a threat to individual life, perceiving the diagnosis of this disease can cause post-traumatic symptoms and intensify the psychological reactivity of the individual. This study conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) on reducing the post-traumatic symptoms and interpersonal reactivity in patients with cancer. Materials & Methods This research is a pilot experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all female cancer patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), admitted to the Blood and Oncology Department of Motahari Hospital of Foulad Shahr of Isfahan from July to September of 2016, and had completed complementary and maintenance chemotherapy and radiology treatments. To select the subjects, the list of all patients with cancer diagnosis was obtained and after referring them to the site of the section and explaining the goals of this research, the scale of PTSD and the interpersonal reactivity were conducted to the all 63 hospitalizations and after collecting data, 30 of these people who had a score higher than 65 in the scale of Mississippi PTSD, and had malignant diagnosis were selected. In the next stage, structured clinical interviews, on the basis of DSM-5 criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD symptoms, and after confirmation of diagnosis, subjects were assigned to experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15). The experimental group received 6 sessions of 90 minutes of NET, but the control group received no treatment. Collected data were analyzed by MANCOVA and ANCOVA tests using SPSS 18 software. Results According to the results, after controlling for the pre-test effects, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in the total score of the PTSD scale and the components of malicious memories, interpersonal communication, emotion control, depression, and two interactive reactivity components, namely, empathy and personal discomfort exist (P<0.05) indicating that NET has been effective in reducing symptoms of traumatic stress disorder and empathy and improving personal empathy and discomfort in cancer patients. But according to the results in the fantasy subscales, having a broad vision and overall stress response score did not find a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion The results of this study revealed that NET can be an appropriate therapeutic program for reducing post-traumatic symptoms in patients with cancer because this intervention is based on the expression and retrieval of the traumatic event's details in a safe environment of therapy, but this intervention has less effect on interpersonal reactivity. Based on these results, it can be recommended using this intervention as an effective method for improvement of psychological problems related to diagnosing cancer along with biological treatments in patients with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Recent studies have shown that one of the major effects of child sexual abuse is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be associated with depression and loneliness, which, if untreated, lead to long-term complications. The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of group play therapy on depression and loneliness in 7-11 years old children with PTSD caused by sexual abuse in Tehran. Materials and methods: This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test, posttest and follow-up design using a control group that was done in 2015. 34 children with PTSD due to sexual abuse were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was treated in 7 sessions with each 1.5 hours by Group play therapy. Loneliness Questionnaire and Children's Depression Inventory were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 using analysis of covariance method. Results: There was significant difference between depression and loneliness in the experimental and control groups (p = 0.000, F = 10.646), (p = 0.000, F = 29.54). By eliminating the effect of pre-test in the follow-up phase, the treatment effect was maintained. Conclusion: Group play therapy can effectively reduce depression and loneliness in children with PTSD. Paper Type: Research Article.

Background and objective: Recent studies have shown that one of the major effects of child sexual abuse is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD can be associated with depression and loneliness, which, if untreated, lead to long-term complications. The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of group play therapy on depression and loneliness in 7-11 years old children with PTSD caused by sexual abuse in Tehran. Materials and methods: This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test, posttest and follow-up design using a control group that was done in 2015. 34 children with PTSD due to sexual abuse were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was treated in 7 sessions with each 1.5 hours by Group play therapy. Loneliness Questionnaire and Children's Depression Inventory were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 using analysis of covariance method. Results: There was significant difference between depression and loneliness in the experimental and control groups (p = 0.000, F = 10.646), (p = 0.000, F = 29.54). By eliminating the effect of pre-test in the follow-up phase, the treatment effect was maintained. Conclusion: Group play therapy can effectively reduce depression and loneliness in children with PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]