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Aim and Background: The epidemic of corona disease in all the countries of the world, due to its vague, unpredictability and uncontrollable nature, has provided the ground for the spread of all kinds of behavioral and psychological problems.The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural relationships of virtual education with students' cognitive outcome(academic performance) and considering the mediating role of psychological health and learning motivation. Methods and Materials: The statistical population of this descriptive research based on structural equation modeling was all the students of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan (2021-2022) who were selected by the available sampling method in the number of 363 people and answered Questionnaires of attitude towards virtual education (Vatanparast et al. 2015), learning motivation (Kashifet al. 2013), general health (Goldberg, 1972) and Academic average. SPSS software was used to calculate descriptive and correlation indices, and AMOS software was used to model structural equations. Findings: The results of the survey showed that there is no significant relationship between Virtual education and cognitive outcome (academic performance) (effect size: -0.12 and P:0.10). According to the predicted paths, the direct effects of virtual Education on psychological health -0.45 (P

Aim and background: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on pain catastrophizing and psychological health in women with chronic pain. Material and Methods: This study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group design. The statistical population was made up of female patients with chronic pain referred to Emma Reza hospital in Tabriz city in 2023. In total, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling method, and randomly divided into two groups (15 people each). Members of the experimental group received their treatment in eight sessions of 1.5 hours; however, the control group did not receive any treatment. Both groups answered the 29-question Sullivan & et al pain catastrophic and 28-question Goldberg's general health Questionnaires, before, after and 3 months after the intervention. Data were Analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures. Results: There was no significant difference between the scores of pain catastrophizing and psychological health in the experimental and control groups in the pre-test (P<0.05). The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy reduced and increased pain catastrophizing and psychological health of women with chronic pain in the post-test, compared to the control group, respectively (P<0.001). The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on pain catastrophizing and psychological health was lasting in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that acceptance and commitment therapy can reduce pain catastrophizing and increase psychological health in women with chronic pain, therefore it is likely to be a useful treatment strategy to improve the pain catastrophizing and psychological health in women with chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and background: The present study was to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on intensity pain and psychological health of women with migraine. Material and Methods: This study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest & follow-up control group design. The statistical population of the research consisted of all women suffering from migraine in Tabriz city in 2023. In total, 30 person meeting the inclusion criteria were selected by purposeful sampling, and The were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups (15 people each). The members of the experimental group received CFT in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours; but the control group did not receive any psychological treatment. Both groups answered the 20-question McGill pain intensity and 28-question Goldberg's general health Questionnaires, before, after and 4 months after the intervention. Analysis of findings through repeated measures analysis of variance test. Results: There was no significant difference between the scores of pain intensity and psychological health in the experimental and control groups in the pre-test (P<0.05). The results showed that compassion-focused therapy reduced and increased the intensity of pain and psychological health of women with migraine in the post-test, compared to the control group, respectively (P<0.001). The effect of compassion-focused therapy on intensity pain and psychological health was lasting in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that compassion-focused therapy can reduce the intensity of pain and increase psychological health in women with migraine, therefore it is likely to be a useful treatment strategy to improve the intensity pain and psychological health in women with migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and background: Epilepsy patients are involved in many psychological problems, so in addition to medical interventions, psychological interventions should also be considered in their recovery plan. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy (MBSRT) on pain anxiety and psychological health of man with epilepsy. Material and Methods: This study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the research included all man with epilepsy in Tabriz city who were members of the Epilepsy Association of this city in 2023. In total, 30 people were selected by purposive sampling method, and randomly divided into two groups (15 people each). Members of the experimental group received their treatment in eight sessions of 1.5 hour; however, the control group did not receive any treatment. Both groups answered the 20-question McCracken & Dhingra's pain anxiety and 28-question Goldberg's general health Questionnaires, before, after and 4 months after the intervention. Data were Analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measures. Results: There was no significant difference between the pain anxiety and psychological health in the experimental and control groups in the pre-test (P<0.05). The results showed that MBSRT reduced and increased pain anxiety and psychological health of man with epilepsy in the post-test, compared to the control group, respectively (P<0.001). The effect of MBSRT on pain anxiety and psychological health was lasting in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy can reduce pain anxiety and increase psychological health in man with epilepsy, therefore it is likely to be a useful treatment strategy to improve the intensity pain anxiety and psychological health in man with epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims Balance control is needed to walk and function independently. Decreased balance accompanied by fear of falling can have a negative effect on the mental and physical health of older adults. In this study, we aim to assess the effect of group-based Fallproof program on balance and psychological aspects of health in the elderly with different ages.Methods In this quasi-experimental study, the study population consists of all healthy community-dwelling older people in Tehran, Iran. Based to the inclusion criteria, 60 people aged 65-85 years were selected using a convenience sampling method from public recreational centers. They were divided into three age groups: 65-71, 72-78, and 79-85 years. All groups received a group-based Fallproof program for eight weeks, three times a week. The Symptoms Checklist-90-Revised was used to measure psychological problems, and the Fullerton Advanced Balance scale was used to identify balance problems in the pre-test and post-test phases. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normality of data distribution, and analysis of covariance was used to measure the mean differences between groups The significance level was set at 0.05.Results The results showed a significant improvement in balance and psychological health of all three groups after the intervention (P

Introduction Psychological health means providing and promoting individual and social mental health, prevention, and appropriate treatment of mental illness and rehabilitation of mental patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of nurseschr('39') psychological health and resilience of patients in surgical wards. Materials and methods This research has been done by a descriptive-correlation method with applied nature in 2020. The statistical population includes patients of surgical wards of Namazi Hospital in Shiraz. Using Cochranchr('39')s formula, 115 patients were selected as the sample. The sampling method is simple random and the informed consent form of participation in the research is also taken from the sample. The measurement tools in this study are Fallah standard questionnaire (2019 for measuring mental health and Connor and Davidsonchr('39')s (2003) standard questionnaire for measuring resilience. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient of reliability of the questionnaire was calculated to be 0.87 and its validity was obtained using the opinion of experts. Artificial neural networks and the Spearman test were used to analyze the data. Statistical analyzes were also performed using SPSS software number 22. Results The mean scores of patientschr('39') evaluation of the emotional adjustment variable were 4.71 out of 5 with a standard deviation of 1.03, emotional intelligence 4.45 with a standard deviation of 1.11, social adjustment 4.31 with a standard deviation of 1.10, environmental factors 4.18 with a standard deviation 1.15, communication-social 4.07 with a standard deviation of 1.17 and 4.75 with a standard deviation of 1.02 was calculated. Conclusion There is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of mental health and resilience, so by improving, strengthening, and developing the dimensions of mental health of nurses, the degree of resilience of patients against the wind can be increased.

Elderly seems to be one of the challenging periods of life due to a decrease of physical and psychological functions and the elderly with nonclinical depression face many problems including an increase of depression and a decrease of health and life expectancy. Therefore, the current research aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on depression, psychological health and life expectancy of the elderly with nonclinical depression. This study was a quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest with control group design. The research population included all the elderly with non-clinical depression referring to the psychological service centers and clinics in Ahvaz, Iran in the spring of 2020. The sample included 50 people selected according to including and excluding criteria, using purposive sampling method and were randomly assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 90 minutes acceptance and commitment therapy and the control group was in a waiting list for training. The research tools were the geriatric depression scale (Yasavage & Sheikh), psychological health scale (Najjarian & Davodi) and life expectancy scale (Snyder et. al.). Data were analyzed using ANCOVA in SPSS-19. The findings indicated that the experimental group was significantly different in terms of all three variables of depression, psychological health and life expectancy. In the other words, acceptance and commitment therapy led to a reduction in depression and an improvement of psychological health and life expectancy in the elderly with nonclinical depression (p < 0.05). According to the results of the present study, therapists and health professionals can take advantages of acceptance and commitment therapy in health-related interventions, especially to reduce depression and improve psychological health and life expectancy. 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The psychological characteristics of the elderly decline due to reduction of physical and mental functioning. Therefore, intervention seems to be essential specifically in elderly women suffered from moderate depression, with the aim of improving psychological health, self-efficacy and happiness. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effectiveness of stress management training (SMT) on psychological health, self-efficacy and happiness in elderly women with moderate depression. The current study was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population included elderly women with depression residing in nursing homes of Tehran, Iran in 2019, among whom 60 women were selected through purposive sampling and inclusion criteria and allocated randomly into two equal groups. The experimental group received ten 90-minute sessions of SMT and the control group didn’t receive any training at the same time. Research tool included Najarian & Davodi’s psychological health scale, Sherer & et al.’s self-efficacy questionnaire, Argyle & Lu’s happiness questionnaire and Yesavage & Sheikh’s geriatric depression. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in the SPSS-22 software. Results indicated that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of psychological health, self-efficacy and happiness in posttest phase. In other words, SMT resulted in improvement of psychological health, self-efficacy and happiness in elderly women with depression (P

Background & Aims: The population of the elderly has been on a rise, which shows more attention to ensuring the health and well-being of the elderly. On the other hand, the growth of the elderly population and its impact on the social and economic conditions of society leads to more attention to the issue of aging in society. In addition, physical and psychological abilities decrease with aging, which affects the quality of life of people. Overall, quality of life and well-being assessed by indicators such as health, happiness, and loneliness. Happiness is one of the most important needs of human beings, which considerably affects their psychological and physical health that helping the elderly cope with stressful situations. Another factor affecting well-being is self-transcendence, which is a powerful coping mechanism and can lead to personal transformation and improvement of the quality of life, thereby facilitating the process of understanding life changes such as aging. Therefore, self-transcendence is defined as a positive trait in relation to the expansion of one’s outlook on life. This issue includes factors such as spirituality, finding a purpose in life, optimism for the future, coping with problems, using power-based approaches, and connecting with others. In the elderly, by restoring the concept of aging and accepting disability, it reduces stress and focuses more on ability than disability. Therefore, happiness and self-transcendence are important factors in the elderly’s health dimensions. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between happiness and self-transcendence in the elderly of Khoshkrud, Zarandieh City. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational research performed on the elderly selected from those who referred to the health center to receive elderly-related care using sequential sampling. Data collection continued for three months (October-December, 2019), and 84 elderlies who were willing to participate in the research were selected. The inclusion criteria were the age of more than 60 years, the ability to respond to questions physically and mentally, having psychological health which assessed by Abbreviated Mental Test (obtaining a score above 7) and not losing a family member or experiencing a stressful situation in the past two months. Abbreviated Mental Test used to diagnose cognitive impairment, including dementia and delirium in the elderly, applied to assess concentration, attention, short-term and long-term memory. Notably, the Cronbach’s alpha of the tool was 0.76 in Iranian society. The Oxford Happiness Index has 29 questions that scored in a range of zero to 87 and includes five components of life satisfaction, self-honor, subjective well-being, satisfaction, and positive mood. Internal consistency was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. The Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient for the components of life satisfaction, self-honor, subjective well-being, satisfaction, and positive mood estimated at 0.85, 0.71, 0.74, 0.79, and 0.77, respectively. On the other hand, the self-transcendence questionnaire included 15 items scored in a range of 15-60, where a higher score was indicative of higher self-transcendence. Internal consistency was used to determine the reliability of the instrument and its Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient estimated to be 0.69. Researcher with questions from the elderly completed all tools and it took an average of 45 minutes for each elderly person to complete the tools. In addition, data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics (to describe demographic variables and variables of happiness and self-transcendence) and parametric inferential statistics (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and analysis of variance). Results: In this study, the mean age of the elderly was 65.7±4.8 (60, 79). Moreover, 55 subjects were female (65.5%), 81% were married, 59.5% were illiterate and 64.3% were homemakers. In addition, the mean number of children of the participants was 6.2±1.6 (0, 14). Furthermore, 66.7% had an underlying illness, 56% had a moderate economic status, 61.9% had a family support system and 79.8% lived with their spouse. According to the results, the mean of happiness and self-transcendence in the elderly were 54.42±14.3 and 39.4±5.9, respectively. There was a significant and direct relationship between self-transcendence and happiness (r=0.263, P=0.016), components of life satisfaction (r=0.348, P=0.001) and satisfaction (r=0.325, P=0.003). In addition, a significant difference was observed between the level of education (P=0.038 and P=0.009, respectively) with happiness and self-transcendence and between occupational status and happiness (P=0.039). Moreover, a significant difference was found between the number of children (P=0.037) and residential status (P=0.028) with self-transcendence. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, happiness and its components were more than the average level in the elderlies. In addition, the results were indicative that level of education, job, and economic status had significant differences with happiness. A proper education, job and economic status creates safety in the individual, which improves happiness. Self-transcendence was moderate and economic status, level of education, residential status and number of children had significant differences with elderly’s self-transcendence. Good economic situation causes security in the person and the person can try to help himself without worry and play a role in promoting self-transcendence. On the other hand, the level of education promotes awareness and the ability to obtain information from various sources, which can empower the elderly in self-care and increase their adaptation to old age, and ultimately lead to the promotion of self-transcendence. The presence of children, their support, and care for parents cause security for the elderly, who in return try to adapt to the current situation in order to calm their children and accept their situation and ultimately improve their self-transcendence. In general, self-transcendence promoted by having a good friend and a person to talk to, and in the traditional society of Khoshkroud, communication with children, relatives, and neighbors can promote self-transcendence. Although in the present study, the economic situation was moderate and most of the elderly were illiterate, the level of happiness and self-transcendence of the participants was above average, which can be attributed to the existence of social relations at the family and traditional society and respect for the elderly. These factors played a key role in individual satisfaction and support of the elderly and covered the educational and economic states. Moreover, there was a direct and significant relationship between happiness and self-transcendence. Happy people feel more in control, think more about their abilities rather than inabilities, better cope with life stressors, have higher self-esteem, value themselves, and love themselves. Overall, happiness can affect the scope of life and the way people relate and interact with the environment. As such, happiness promotes other life aspects, including self-transcendence. In Khoshkroud, where the elderly and families adhere to their religious and traditional beliefs and the family has a special position, the elderly enjoy health in all dimensions, and they can accept the conditions of old age and use effective adaptation mechanisms to improve well-being. It recommend that the families and authorities by meeting the economic, social and spiritual needs of the elderly to increase their ability to understand and accept themselves, create a sense of satisfaction and happiness, which increases their health. By creating a happy and lively environment, their performance will be improve, which has positive consequences for the elderly, family, and society. Furthermore, conditions should be provided for them to benefit from each otherchr('39')s experiences and to be present in public to improve their health.

Background and Objective: One of the most common signs of aging that effects on health is a chronic pain. There are various methods to improve health such as mindfulness and massage-aromatherapy. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness training and massage-aromatherapy on psychological health of elderly women with chronic pain. Materials and Methods: Present study was a Quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. Research population was elderly women with chronic pain referring to clinics of rehabilitation, orthopedic and physiotherapy of west Tehran in 2017. 45 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into three group. Experimental groups trained 8 sessions of 90 minutes by methods of mindfulness and massage-aromatherapy, respectively and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. The research instruments were the questionnaires of perceived stress, geriatric depression, quality of life and perception of pain. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test methods. Results: The findings showed that both methods of mindfulness training and massage-aromatherapy led to significant decrease the perceived stress and depression of elderly women with chronic pain, but didn’t have a significant effect on their quality of life and perception of pain. Also, there was no significant difference between two methods of mindfulness training and massage-aromatherapy (P

Background and Objectives: Depressed patients face problems in field of life expectancy and psychological health. Therefore, the present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and wellbeing therapy on life expectancy and psychological health in elderly nonclinical depressed patients. Materials and Methods: This study was a semi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design with control group. The research population was elderly nonclinical depressed patients referred to the psychological services clinics and centers of Ahvaz city in the spring season of 2020. 75 people were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced into three equal groups. The experimental groups were separately trained 10 sessions of 90 minutes with the methods of acceptance and commitment therapy and well-being therapy, and the control group did not receive any training. The research instruments were the Scales of Yasavage and Sheikh elderly depression, Snyder and et al. life expectancy and Najarian and Davodi psychological health. Data were analyzed by chi-square, multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Results: The findings showed that groups were not significantly different in terms of gender, age and education (p>0.05). Also, both methods of acceptance and commitment therapy and well-being therapy in comparison with the control group led to a significant improvement in the life expectancy and psychological health (p<0.001), but there was no significant difference between two methods in improving the variables (p>0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results, therapists and health experts can use both methods of acceptance and commitment therapy and well-being therapy to improve health related traits especially the life expectancy and psychological health improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: People living with HIV (PLHIV) experience severe psychological pressure in most communities; however, this pressure is more prominent in women. Therefore, it is very important to monitor different aspect of psychological pressure and psychosocial supports in this group of patients. Based on this need, in this study, we assessed the status of mental health, hope, and social support in female PLHIVs visiting health centers of Kerman, Iran. Methods: In a triangulation study comprising a combination of qualitative and quantitative components, PLHIV women were recruited and their information were collected using Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire, Sarason’s Social Support Questionnaire, and the Miller’s Hope Scale. Results: Our findings showed that female patients’ status improved markedly after visiting the health centers (hope: 92%, general health: 80%, social support: 93%). In addition, the results showed a strong positive the correlation between general health and hope (r=0.61, P

Background and Objective: One of the most common signs of aging that effects on health is a chronic pain. There are various methods to improve health such as mindfulness and massage-aromatherapy. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness training and massage-aromatherapy on psychological health of elderly women with chronic pain. Materials and Methods: Present study was a Quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. Research population was elderly women with chronic pain referring to clinics of rehabilitation, orthopedic and physiotherapy of west Tehran in 2017. 45 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into three group. Experimental groups trained 8 sessions of 90 minutes by methods of mindfulness and massage-aromatherapy, respectively and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. The research instruments were the questionnaires of perceived stress, geriatric depression, quality of life and perception of pain. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test methods. Results: The findings showed that both methods of mindfulness training and massagearomatherapy led to significant decrease the perceived stress and depression of elderly women with chronic pain, but didn’t have a significant effect on their quality of life and perception of pain. Also, there was no significant difference between two methods of mindfulness training and massage-aromatherapy (P<0/05). Conclusion: The results indicated the effectiveness of mindfulness training and massage-aromatherapy on perceived stress and depression of elderly women with chronic pain. Therefore, these methods can be used along with other methods to improve some characteristics associated with psychological health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youths’ mental health is important in any society and protecting their mental health help them to be mentally and physically healthy adult who can play their social role as they should. The present study aimed to develop a self-report scale for high school student’s mental health. A pool item of 200 items was developed and after the first edition, 119 items were selected for preliminary scale. The target population of the study was secondery high school students of Alborz, Kermanshah, Eastern Azerbaijan, Sistan & Baluchestan, Fars, and Khorasan Razavi in 2016-17. The sample includes 642 students who were selected by random sampling. Explanatory and confirmatory Factor analysis indicated six-factor structure as the simplest factorial solution that consisted with theoretical framwork. In addition, all the subscale had good reliability which ranged between 0.63 (disruptive behavior) to 0.85 (academic achievement deficit, self-regulation, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and self-harm). In general, results showed good psychometric properties for this mental health scale among high school students. This scale could be used for assessing behavioral and emotional problems for clinical, or research aims among late adolescents in Iran [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Mental health has been defined as one of the basic principles of psychological health. Mental health along with mental experience of anxiety and calmness should also assess the individual’s performance at work. The main aim of the current study was to carry out factor analysis and validation of the questionnaire for cognitive adjustment at work. Methods: The research scheme utilized by the study is the methodology approach and the study is a Methodological. The statistical population of the study include all the students at Yasouj Medical University, from which 215 participants were selected using the convenient sampling method as the sample of the study. Then, the questionnaire of cognitive adjustment at work, developed by Malo, Tremblay, and Brunet, was distributed among the sample. This scale was translated into Persian and then re-translated into English. Some experts studied the questionnaire to determine the cultural sensitivities, the clarity of questions, the number of differences and errors in meaning construction. Results: The findings showed that Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0.87 for the whole questionnaire and varied from 0.76 to 0.81 for subscales. All items had acceptable correlation. The test-retest results indicated the stability of the questionnaire of studentschr('39') attitude toward police and its subscales. The exploratory factor analysis indicated 3 acceptable subscales. Conclusion: The results showed that the Persian version of the work environment cognitive adjustment questionnaire has acceptable reliability and validity. In order to measure working mental health along with the components of psychological health, it can be used the questionnaire with Iranian samples.

In recent years due to increase in elderly population, paying attention to this group especially attention to their physical and psychological health is necessary. Goal of the present research is evaluating relation between religious beliefs and psychological health through purposefulness intermediation in life and aging perception in retired teachers. The research was descriptive-correlational which was conducted in 2016. Participants in the research included 330 retired teachers (173 male and 157 female) who selected through simple random sampling method. Instruments for collecting data included religious attitude questionnaire of Golriz and Brahni, scale of purposefulness in life from Reif's well-being questionnaire, questionnaire of Barker et al and 12-question general health questionnaire of Goldberg. Path analysis was used as a statistical method to analyze data of the research that indicated significant relations between variables of the research. In addition, intermediation test through bootstrap method indicated significant mediator role of purposefulness in life and aging perception in relation between religious beliefs and psychological health. Based on the results, it can be said that religious beliefs through purposefulness in life and positive perception of aging are important factors in psychological health improvement in retired teachers. Therefore, experts of psychological health and those who operate in the field of old age should take actions to deepen religious beliefs of elderly people.

This paper aims to discover the link between religious beliefs and people’s organizational health levels in Tehran’s state universities while focusing on the mediatory role of psychological health. The research population included all of the faculty members, administrators and the staffs of Tehran state universities which 635 members were randomly selected through multistage cluster sampling. Allport religious orientation scale, Goldberg and Williams (1980) general health questionnaire and Lowe (2010) organizational health questionnaire were used in order to collect the research data. The research is of descriptive-correlational type and has been carried out through structural equation modeling and the data were analyzed using the software AMOS. The result illustrates that not only there is a significant positive relationship between religious beliefs and organizational health estimated with 99 percent of confidence, but also the religious beliefs have an indirect effect on organizational health through psychological health. It is recommended, based on empirical results of this research, that religious counseling service for university faculty members and staffs are more considered by administrators in order to promote mental health and university health.

The recommendations and instructions of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and the Imams (PBUT) as well as the effect of acting according to them are subjects of particular interest to all the believers. The explanation and description of these commands in different areas and their impacts on the health and hygiene are important for the religious and non-religious communities and can be useful for everyone. This research was carried out to determine the status of health and well-being in prayers and narrations using a combination of theology, psychology, and sociology approach. The results of this research showed that the prayers and narrations considered the health and hygiene of human beings in all dimensions, so that acting according to the religious trainings and instructions provided by the infallibles (PBUH) can guarantee human health. There are many instructions and suggestions in the prayers and narrations about physical and nonphysical health. In the field of physical health, instructions are given for eating, drinking, marital matters, etc., observance of which ensures the human health. The orders in non-physical area can be divided into three categories of psychological, theological, and social. Most religious ethical advices (whether positive or negative) focus on the psychological health of humans, such as stinginess, envy, fear, and hypocrisy. Since belief and faith play a fundamental role in the formation and quality of behavior as well as the personality of human beings, Islam has emphasized on the appropriateness of believing systems in humans. In the area of social well-being, Islam has strict orders to avoid ignorance, oppression, divisions, and covenants that can eliminate the productive and peaceful coexistence and hinder the growth of human beings. Although in this research, health and hygiene were divided into several aspects, we should have a holistic view on them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The elder population and their proportion of the total population are increasing in our country. Their population has reached to 7.3 percent of total population in 2006 compared with their population at 1996 and it shows a 1.5 times increase during ten years.The aim of this study was to compare the socio-economic situation of elder people who were living in two areas in Gorgan city, Golestan province in north of Iran, which is covered by 4th and 5th urban health center between in 2004 and 2009. Methods & Materials: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study has been conducted among 884 elder people who were resident in the study area at 2009. Data collection has been done through a questionnaire, filled out by trained persons. The results are compared with the outcomes of pervious unpublished study at 2004 which has been carried out among 315 elder people in the same study area. Qui-Square and independent T-test statistical methods used to analysis the data. We use SAS version 9.2 to analyze the data. Results: Mean age of elder people was 67.2±6.7 at 2009 and 67.6±6.7 years at 2004. Educational level had a significant change in 2009 compared with 2004 (P=0.0002). Compared with 2004, marital status (P=0.0021) and economical level (P

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Maintaining physical and mental health is one of the main missions of life. Islam, as a religion aims to lead humans towards perfection, emphasizes bringing up children who are mentally healthy.METHODS: This study aims at analyzing the role of prayers in providing conditions leading to the treatment of depression. It uses descriptive library research methods and is based on Koranic verses, hadiths, psychology, analysis of documents, and other reliable sources.FINDINGS: The results of the study suggest that religious factors such as religious beliefs in general, belief in God, worship, and prayers can be effectively used in the prevention and treatment of mental problems.CONCLUSION: Concerning bringing up perfect human beings and saving them from depression and stress, Islam presents its teachings within prayers, worships, and Koranic verses with a particular perspective towards human beings. Islam considers remembrance of God as a factor for the peace of mind and soul. It is worth mentioning that the Koranic verse, Indeed remembering Allah pacifies hearts confirms this conclusion.

Today producing and service organizations live in environmental conditions of change and transformation and economic business cultural social and political conditions affects operation of organizations. It is clear that unexpected conditions such as war, earthquake, and flood affect behavior of organizations. Therefore, managers should know environmental threats that threaten life of organizations from every aspect. In addition, organizations only with strategic planning and strategic preparation can overcome these crises. Previous researchs show that different factors affect strategic readiness. But this fact that organizational agility and psychological health of staff affect it so much, is not considered. This research according to the subject investigates the statistics of effective strategies for crisis management and analyzes the role of organizational agility and psychological health of staffs. In these way three components under the subject of research variants strategic readiness and organizational agility and psychological health of staff viewed in three hypotheses. In this research relation of independent variables -strategic readiness and organizational agility of organization- analyzed with the regulating variant of psychological health. This research tested the hypothesis if increase in organization agility and psychological health of staff causes increase in strategic crisis condition or not.The conclusion confirmed the hypothesis.

One of the issues that nowadays immigrants and especially migrant women are faced with in destination community is their health. The main purpose of this research is to study relation between cultural methods of confronting and psychological health of migrant women. Research method was descriptive and research instrument was questionnaire. Statistical population of the study was migrant women in Kermanshah that 200 of them were selected randomly as sample. Face validity and chronbach alfa were used for reliability of research instrument, and regression analysis and Anova were used to test research hypothesis. Based on research findings there is significant relation between psychological health and variables of education (r=.77), duration of residing (r=.18), level of income (r=.75), rationality method (r=.77), avoidance method (r=.42), and emotional method (r=.61). Results of regression coeficients showed that three variables of rationality (Bata=.64), income (Beta=049) and emotional (Beta=028) were entered into equation and all together explain 47 percent variance of dependent variable (R2=.47). Finding of this research show this fact that if migrant people use more rationality model in confronting with psychological stresses due to migration to new cultural environment, they will have better health.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Every year, there are many people who suffered traumatic brain injury (TBI). They are at high risk for depression, psychological disorder and cognitive disabilities. But both patients and their families and medical teams pay more attention to their physical problems. So, the goal of this study was to assess cognitive abilities and psychosocial health of TBI persons.METHODS: This longitudinal cohort study was performed on 91 patients (18-60 years) with TBI who were hospitalized at Hefdah Sharivar hospital, Amol, Iran. They were followed up 6 and 12 months after trauma. General health, depression and cognitive abilities measured with GHQ28 (General Health Questionnaire 28), BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) and MMSE (Mini Mental Status Examination) questionnaires, and were evaluated based on severity of brain injury (GCS).FINDINGS: Mean age of the patients was 32.40±12.08 years and more patients (n=79, 86.8%) were male. Nineteen (20.9%) of them were experienced severe TBI (GCS=3-8). Sixty seven patients (73.6%) after 6 months and 61patients (67%) after 12 months were suspected to psychological disorder (cut of point =24). Only 26 (28.6%) and 29 (31.9%) of patients 6 and 12 months after injury were normal range of BDI. Correlation between severity of TBI and cognitive abilities depression and psychological health were statistically significant (p

Objectives: In the first of 20th century average years of old has not been 50 years, but today it is more than 75 years. The purpose of this study is evaluation of elderly health status in Kashan including psychological health, cognitive health, balance and gait status, nutrition health and risk of bed sore. Practical goal of the study is assessment of health needs in elderly and prevention of the common disease of elderly in society. Methods & Materials: The population of this descriptive analytical research were Kashanian with age of 55 and more. The sampling method had used in this research was simple incidental method. For gathering the information, the questionnaire was referred to the elderly and they filled the supposed questionnaires. Result: the two-common disease are musculoskeletal and cardiovascular (41.7%). Base on finding 63.8% of Kashan elderly are at the risk of nutrition deficiency and 5.8% have nutrition deficiency. The geriatric depression scale used for evaluation of depression. There is 34.2% elderly with severe depression. Five percent of them have severe cognitive disorders, other 47.5% have mild one and 17.5% with cognitive health. The activity of daily living is in 81. 7% of population without any dependence and in 13.3% with dependence and in 5% with complete dependence. The risk of bed sore is in 3.3% of population very high. Conclusion: the high frequency of Kashan elderly problems shows that this society needs rehabilitation and treatment. The education priorities in this population are " Prevention of musculoskeletal and cardiovascular disease.

The main goal of this research was to investigate the impact of defense mechanisms in job depreciation, mental health, and control and prevention. The goal is also to find the difference in taking advantage of defense mechanisms (problem-centered and excitement-oriented) and teacher depreciation in the areas of “emotional tiredness”, ‘depersonalization’, and “lack of personal success” among Iranian and Indian teachers and the review of depreciation role in teachers’ mental health. The study method is of descriptive and correlational type. In order to evaluate the variables several questionnaire were used. These included The Maslach Burnout inventory by Maslach and Jackson (1981), Questionnaire on the ways of coping, by Lazarus and Folkman (1984), and the Symptom Check List (SCL 90-R) by Derogatis (1975). The sample consisted of 300 Iranian teachers in high schools in Tehran and 300 Indian teachers in high schools in Puna. They were selected by random sampling in relation with the mass of people in the society. The Pearson correlation test was utilized in order to analyze the data and specify the relation between research variables under study. This was done also to identify the relation between variables and analyze one-way and two-way analysis of variance. The results showed that 1) there is significant differences between male teachers and female teachers in the use of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping mechanisms. The male teachers had higher job burnout in the areas of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization compared to the female teachers. This was not true however in the area of loss of personal accomplishment. 2) There is significant difference among male and female teachers in using excitement-oriented defense mechanisms. The Iranian female teachers use more excitement-centered defense mechanisms compared to Iranian male teachers. This is while the Indian male instructors have more use of this method in comparison with the Indian female teachers. 3) There is significant difference in depreciation (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) among female and male teachers and the male teachers possess more job depreciation (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization) compared to the female teachers. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in job depreciation (lack of personal success) among female and male teachers. 4) There were significant positive correlation between job burnout variables and psychological health variables among the female and male teachers. There is negative correlation between the job burnout variable (loss of personal accomplishment) and some of the psychological heath variables among female and male teachers in Iran and India.

Objective: The present research investigates the state of psychological health in women who are heads of household and are under welfare protection by the Welfare Organization in Tehran province. The basic research question was whether or not the level of psychological health and its nine indicators according to SCL-90-R are different in women heads of house hold that are under welfare protection compared to women heads of house hold that are not under welfare protection. Materials & Methods: Subjects were over 180 women who were chosen randomly from four different areas in Greater Tehran. The instruments used in this study were SCL-90-R and a demographic questionnaire. A case-control cross sectional method was employed in the present study. Data were analyzed using single-case t-test, independent t-test, and multi-variant regression and Friedman test. Results: Results show that the mean score for psychological health and its nine indicators in the experimental group were significantly higher than the mean score for normal Iranian population (p=0.0009). This indicates that women who are heads of households in Iran are at a higher risk for psychological disorders. The strongest indicators of psychological disorder in these women were depression and psychosomatic complaints. Furthermore, women who are not under welfare protection are significantly more depressed than women who are under welfare protection (p=0.016). Conclusion: Factors which reliably predict women's psychological health are women's income, the income of family members and their own physical health. These results support previous in the field reiterating the fact special attention should be paid to the economical welfare and standards of living in these women.

Background & Aims: This research was conducted to study the relationship between the coping skills and career exhaustion with psychological health of Urmia doctors. Materials &Methods: This descriptive-correlation study was conducted on 313 (83 specialists, 230 general doctors) physicians that were selected via proportionate stratified sampling method. Maslach burnout scale, Goldenberg mental health questionnaire and Lazarus and Folkman coping strategies were used to measure the variables. Results: Career exhaustion is suitable predictor of mental health. There were significant negative relationships between confronting ways and psychological health. There was significant positive relationship between confronting ways and career exhaustion. There was significant negative relationship between career exhaustion and psychological health. There were no difference between male and female on coping skills and career exhaustion and psychological health. Conclusion: These finding highlight the importance of training coping skills and developing prevention programs for enhancing psychological health in relationship with coping skills and career exhaustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims Stress is not always directly resulted from the source of pressure itself, but rather from the perception of that pressure. Therefore, individual variables that might relate to perception of stress should be investigated in job stress researches. The present study investigates moderating role of self- efficacy in relationship between occupational stress with psychological health and job satisfaction of Tabriz Saderat Bank's staffs. Material and MethodsIn this correlation research, 242 Saderat Bank's Staffs were selected in the form of multiphase cluster sampling and administered by inventories of Demographic, General Heath-28, Osipow's Occupational Stress, Spector's Job Satisfaction and Scheerer's and et al. Self- Efficacy. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and simultaneous and hierarchical multiple regressions . ResultsThe Findings indicate that job stress is negative predictor of psychological health and job satisfaction. Also, the relationship between job stress with psychological health and job satisfaction is influenced by s elf-efficacy. Therefore, s elf-efficacy as an individual factor have a protective role in contrast with job stress. ConclusionAccording to our findings, s elf-efficacy affects the relationship between job stress with psychological health and job satisfaction . The findings of this research can be helpful in devising preventive policies, determining high risk patients and designing of psychological interventions.

The main objective of this research is to identify effective drivers for creating psychological health in the workplace, with emphasizing the role of social capital. The approach of this study is mixed and applied in terms of purpose and it is a descriptive-survey method. At first, a conceptual framework was developed using exploratory interview and theme analysis, then, using PSQ, HWO and PCQ questionnaires by structural equation modeling the test was made. In the exploratory interview phase, 18 experts in the field of human resources have been used. At the stage of model analysis, the statistical population consisted of 126 managers, deputies and experts in the field of human resources of 10 government agencies and 14 private companies in Qom province, which according to Morgan Table 97 people were selected as samples. In the first step, the theme analysis, 156 codes of interviews were counted and in the following step 45 selective codes were obtained, which in the next steps included 9 sub themes and 3 main themes of "psychological capacity building", "psychology culture" and "psychological co-operation". The results showed that the effect of the mediating variable of social capital, through psychological co-operation, creates psychological health in the organization and work environment.