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Copyright of Studia Iberystyczne is the property of Ksiegarnia Akademicka Sp. zo.o and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yearbook of European Integration / Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Film Quarterly / Kwartalnik Filmowy is the property of Kwartalnik Filmowy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Porównania / Comparisons. A Journal on Comparative Literature & Interdisciplinary Studies is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University Poznao, Press of "Poznanskie Studia Polonistyczne" and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the spatial differentiation and the variation in the number of significant accidents (divided into: collisions, derailments, level-crossing accidents, accidents to persons caused by rolling stock in motion and fires) in relation to operation work in selected European countries from 2010 to 2017, using CSIs. CSIs (Common Safety Indicators) are statistical information relating to rail safety collected and made available by the European Union Agency for Railways (EUAR), which obtains them from European Union member states as well as from Norway and Switzerland. The analysis revealed the presence of a large disproportion in the number of accidents between Western and Eastern European countries, with a general decrease between 2010 and 2017 in both groups. The structure of significant accidents was also examined - accidents to persons caused by rolling stock in motion accounted for the majority, while level-crossing accidents also had a high proportion, suggesting that external factors (outside the railway system) largely influenced railway accident rates during the studied period. Particular attention was paid in the article to Poland, which at the beginning of the period under study was negatively distinguished in terms of the number of significant accidents, the number of derailments and the number of accidents to persons caused by rolling stock in motion not only in comparison with Western European countries, but also Eastern European countries, and at the end of the period in each category reached lower values than the latter group of countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Warmińskie is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości is the property of Stowarzyszenie Ksiegowych w Polsce Rada Naukowa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Nauk Teologicznych PAN is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee on Theological Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Today Croatia is one of the countries situated on the border of the European Union. It joined the EU in 2013, i.a. already after the financial crisis of 2008 and just before the permanent crisis resulting from the indebtedness of the Southern peripheries of the EU, revealing of the humanitarian situation of migrants at the Mediterranean and Balkan borders of the Union, as well as a rise in xenophobia in numerous member states. Therefore, imaginary borders of Europe in the Croatian media discourse after 2012 can be a significant research field. This paper presents preliminary results of an analysis of a large corpus of articles from the Internet issue of a daily newspaper Večernji list from October 2012 until October 2017. The analysis is focused on the linguistic modelling of the notion of Europe (especially in the context of the European integration) and its limits (especially in the context of migration). A brief background concerning the cultural history of the notion of Europe in the Croatian cultural universe is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores basic political relations between the European Union and India which are at theoretical level almost “terra nullius”. The paper starts from the present epochal situation and enters the realm of EU–India geopolitics from the perspective of Gandhian moral practice on one side, and challenges presented by the impact of Coronavirus politics on the other. Our question is – on which platform is strategic negotiating between the EU and India possible? Despite their Lisbon summit in 2000 as well as virtual summit in 2020, it is obvious that until today the EU and India could not find a common denominator. Our idea is that the missing link of a better understanding partly lays in the new perspective that may be unexpectedly found from the Balkans’ point of view. Only unprecedented cognizance today may set up the roadmap for the times to come.

The aim of this paper is a look into a notion of "ostsocialism" in the context of anthropological research in former Yugoslavia. Aft er a short overview of the definitions of postsocialism, I argue, that this concept is defined too broadly in order to capture complexity of social and cultural life in various post-socialist or post-communist states. In the case of former Yugoslavia I suggest using the term "post-Yugoslav" in order to show a specifics of life in socialist Yugoslavia and in the republics emerged aft er its collapse. My arguments base on the data collected during ethnographic fieldwork in the Republic of Macedonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides an overview of formation images “Europe” and the “West” in the texts of two prominent Ukrainian publicists in interwar Lviv – Mykhailo Rudnytskyi and Dmytro Dontsov. The article focuses on interwar discussions about the image of Europe, the West, and the East, liberalism, and nationalism. Given the fact that all these and related issues, having entered the Ukrainian public space at the beginning of the XX century remains relevant today, it appears reasonable to analyze these interwar discussions, which represent different ways of imaging European culture. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the sources of formation of these images, their content, and discussions around them. The author elaborated on the similarities and differences of these images in the texts of Rudnytskyi and Dontsov. The key element in Mykhailo Rudnytsky's worldview in the interwar period was liberalism or rather “cultural liberalism.” The three main ideological blocks for him were “freedom”, “individuality” and inclusiveness (openness) of cultures. Mykhailo Rudnytsky's image of “Europe” was rather amorphous, without clear boundaries, and took the liberal culture of the nineteenth century as examples of liberal figures. “East” occupied a very little place in the worldview of Michael, and was superimposed on the oriental axis “West (Europe) – civilization”, “East (Asia) – barbarism”. At the same time, geographical boundaries were not particularly important, and European movements, if they did not correspond to the ideal liberal model, could be considered barbaric and “Asian”. Dmytro Dontsov's image of Europe was focused not on the liberal Europe of the XIX century, but the radical right movements in interwar Europe. If Rudnytsky emphasized the ideas of liberalism of the XIX century, individual freedom and synthesis of cultures, and these ideas he wanted to see in the image of “Europe”, for Dontsov “Europe” and European thinkers had value in the context of ideas of expansion, struggle as the basis of the people's spirit. At the same time, in the worldview of Mykhailo Rudnytsky and Dmytro Dontsov, “The East” acted as a barbaric antithesis of the “West”, the personification of all the wild and backward, which made their worldview in this sense oriental. Given the above material, we can state that the images of “Europe” and “West” in the interwar period remained extremely ambivalent and heterogeneous, and their content depended on the worldview of the authors.

Copyright of World of Real Estate Journal / Swiat Nieruchomosci is the property of Foundation of the Cracow University of Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Islam in some EU countries is a traditional religion, which has existed in their territories for centuries, while in other it constitutes a new phenomenon. In countries where there is a traditional Muslim presence, Islam is officially recognised by the state and its functioning is defined by the law concerning traditional religions. The functioning patterns differ from country to country due to different models of state-church relations, confessional laws and legal traditions. Sometimes Islam as a religion and its spiritual functionaries are financed by the state (e.g. in Romania), but there are countries where the state funding of religion is prohibited by law (e.g. in Poland). This paper collects some characteristic cases of the legal situation of Muslims in various European states and presents the extent to which the Muslim religion is financed, or the lack of such financing resulting from the legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to present the political ideas of Zbigniew Brzeziński behind his position on the U.S. policy toward the question of Poland's western frontier in the 1960s. The main task is focused on the extent of connection between Brzeziński's argument for the final recognition of the Oder-Neisse Line by the United States and his aim to overcome the Cold War division of Europe and the problem of national borders. Brzeziński's views on the frontier is worth explaining also in relation to his opinion on Polish-German and Polish-Soviet relations as well as on Polish nationalism and communist ideology. Accordingly, the question of the Oder-Neisse Line is addressed here in the context of Brzeziński's comments on U.S. policies toward the Federal Republic of Germany, the Soviet Union and Europe as a whole. The main sources for the study were Brzeziński's political commentaries, publications and archival material concerning Poland's western border in the 1960s. However, this study extends beyond the purely diplomatic history of the Polish frontier question by combining Brzeziński's views on the Oder-Neisse Line with his internationalist concept of European political-economic relations. As this paper demonstrates, Brzeziński's claim for the formal recognition of the Oder-Neisse Line by the United States in the 1960s developed within the framework of American political, geopolitical and economic designs for Germany, Soviet Union and for Europe as a whole in the context of the Cold War. Although his argument regarding Poland's western border contributed to the desirable increase of U.S. political interest in Poland and Central-Eastern Europe, nonetheless Brzeziński favored a kind of European interdependence of states and "Europeanization of Poland" over the restitution of its full sovereignty based on anti-Soviet nationalism. This peculiar universalist vision of Central-Eastern Europe coupled with socio-economic determinism appear to have profoundly affected Brzeziński's Polish frontier claim based on an assumption that both the Cold War division of Europe and national borders would eventually diminish in political significance as a result of Western recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to present the impact of poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa on Europe with special emphasis on the European Union and its member states. Sub-Saharan Africa is the poorest region of the world; Europe is one of the richest and most developed. The two continents border on each other, which in the past and today means that the transition of people and goods between the two regions is relatively easy. The disproportion in the level of development and the ensuing inequalities must bear on mutual relations. The research problem is how the Sub-Saharan poverty impacts Europe. The adopted hypothesis is that such an impact exists and is of a negative character. The poverty of Sub-Saharan Africa is a challenge and can be a threat to Europe. One single independent threat is weakening of Europe's international position. Another area of hazards for Europe is the instability of the African states and the frequency and intensity of armed conflicts. Specific areas of hazard such as: migrations, security, natural environment overlap and interdepend on poverty as well as one another. The research method is a review of the state of research and analysis of secondary data, including economic and demographic forecasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przeglad Zachodni is the property of Instytut Zachodni im. Z. Wojciechowskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Child labour is a controversial issue both in present day as well as in past societies. In historical perspective, studies focus on the factory labour of children during the industrialization process. On the one hand, its contribution to the family income is mentioned as a potential positive effect on the living standard of the whole family, on the other hand reference is made to the permanent health risks for children working in the factories. Using qualitative sources, there were contemporary testimonies supporting both views. The present paper, therefore, uses a rather quantitive approach referring to the number of working days lost due to illness, anthropometric indicators such a height and weight, the results of draft examinations as well as mortality differences and cause-of-death rates from “accidents” in urban and rural areas during the nineteenth century. Available data do not provide clear evidence of direct harmful effects of child labour; many indications point to a neutral or even positive effect.

The subject of this paper is the mobility research in Europe focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, and the aim is to give a comparative overview on the used methods and datasets of the literature and identify research gaps.

The submitted scientific paper deals with food security and self-sufficiency in Europe in EU-15 and EU-13 countries. The objective of this paper was to evaluate upon the basis of the Global Food Security Index, the overall food security situation in the European Union states. The countries are divided into two groups. The first is composed of fourteen selected states from the EU -15 and the second group is six selected states from the EU-13. In addition to the Food Security Index, the Food Affordability, Food Availability, and the Food Quality and Safety Indexes were also analyzed. The research data were obtained from the authors‘ own research based on the Global Food Security Index Report, and from FAO.

The purpose of this article is to present the views of Anthony J. Drexel Biddle, the United States' Ambassador in Warsaw, concerning the international situation of the Second Republic of Poland from 1937 to 1939. This subject, scarcely represented in Polish historiography, shows the perspective of the American Ambassador on the role of Poland in Europe and reveales his assessment of the „balance of power" policy conducted by minister Józef Beck in the period preceding the outbreak of the Second World War. It appears that Biddle basically shared the Polish perspective on the threat posed by Hitler's Germany and the Soviet Union while emphasizing the crucial role of Poland in further political-military developments in Europe. Accordingly, he supported the Polish will to resist the imminent German aggression since Warsaw's attitude was in his eyes a peculiar „barometer" of British and French readiness to contain German expansion. Although Biddle's position in late 1930s could not influence the policies of the U.S. and European powers toward Poland, it sheds an interesting light on Polish foreign policy and its reception by Western powers, contributing to better understanding of this decisive period of Poland's history. This article was based on analysis of diplomatic papers and the correspondence of Ambassador Biddle from 1937 to 1939. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of Cultural Studies / Roczniki Kulturoznawcze is the property of John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Institute of Cultural Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to revise selected demographic and epidemiologic trends regarding European societies. Next paper focuses on the implications of the defined trends on health care financing and organizing. The discussion is based on the comparative analysis of international statistics referring European region, mainly members of European Union. Then the conclusions are drawn regarding priorities in health care organizing and financing.

Copyright of Przegląd Europejski is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The benefits of regular moderate-to-vigorous leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) are well documented, and include reduced morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, depression, and other pervasive conditions. Despite these benefits, adults` participation in regular LTPA is still low. Many previous studies showed associations between adults` participation in LTPA and demographic factors but the results of these researches are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of studies examining the relation between adults` participation in LTPA and two demographic variables: gender and age. Method: The systematic review was limited to four factors: leisure-time physical activity, adults, gender and age. Literature searches were conducted using predefined keywords in 6 key database. A total of 46 potential papers was identified. Of these 46 papers, 25 passed the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Results: In most of the analyzed studies showed no significant differences in the percentage of inactive men and women. Among sufficient active individuals there were more men than women. In all analyzed studies found significant association between the level of LTPA and age of men and women. However, the directions of these connections were different in individual countries, and age and gender groups. Conclusion: Relationships between adults` participation in LTPA and gender, and age are specific for men and women in individual countries, and age groups, therefore there is necessity to monitor the level of LTPA in these subgroups. The results of these studies should be useful in the creation of the strategies supported adults` participation in LTPA.

Copyright of Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW: Ekonomika i Organizacja Logistyki is the property of Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Faculty of Economic Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is an analysis of two of the most inflammatory issues in the debate over Euroscepticism - the typology of anti‑European attitudes and the main conditioning factors of these attitudes. The first aspect constitutes a certain substitute for a definitional debate, since despite the abundance of studies related to Euroscepticism, such studies contain only trace definitional concepts. In the Polish perspective, the two issues above have been presented in the context of the specificity of Poland's political scene in the 1990s and early 2000s. This confirms that Euroscepticism is a phenomenon that exceeds the scope of simple generalizations, and is characterized by specific and unique processes occurring on the scale of particular countries. It should be acknowledged that, in Poland, we are dealing with a relatively clear scheme in which Euroscepticism relates almost exclusively to right‑wing parties. This does not mean, however, that it is not also conditioned by factors related to a particular party's political strategy. The Polish example, therefore, fails to confirm the opposition between the two main conceptions of Euroscepticism - either as determined by ideology or as determined by political strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prometheism, which started to develop in 1921, after the Polish-Bolshevik Peace of Riga, was both an ideological and political project. The idea of liberating nations oppressed by the Soviet Union was accompanied by publishing activities, institutional and community network. The article presents the genesis of Prometheism, its geopolitical and historical sources, political provenance of its main activists, evolution of the movement in the 1930s and the institutional dimension of Polish Prometheists. The paper also discusses the most important views of the creators of the movement, including thoughts on Russian imperialism, solidarity with enslaved nations and the united fight for "our freedom and yours", originating both in the sense of mission and the analysis of the Republic of Poland's reason of state. The author focuses on two important elements of the movement - the realism of the political concept and the Promethean elite's political thought about the state, the nation and the geopolitics of Eastern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The paper presents the issue of non-financial information assurance and identifies the practices of companies operating in Europe in this regard. Methodology/research approach: The research is based on a literature review and analysis of a sample of 935 companies whose non-financial reports, prepared according to the GRI guidelines, are available from the GRI Sustainability Disclosure Database. In particular, we analyze how many companies had their non-financial information verified in 2017 and their previous practice in this regard (since 2005), as well as their structure according to the assuror type, the assurance standard used, the engagement type, and the assurance scope. Findings: Nearly half of the companies had their non-financial information independently and externally verified, including 34 Eastern European companies (30%) and 426 from Western Europe (52%). Most of the entities which provide assurance are so-called Big Four audit companies, mainly Deloitte and E&Y, which use the ISAE 3000 standard for this purpose. The most common engagement type is limited engagement. Limitations: The study is descriptive, which results from the nature of the data collected and the large disparity between companies using assurance in Western and Eastern Europe. Originality/value: The Article broadens accounting knowledge, in particular, on non-financial reporting. It indicates the need to take steps towards the wider use of non-financial information assurance in Eastern Europe.

Copyright of Socjolingwistyka is the property of Instytut Jezyka Polskiego PAN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Central European Political Studies / Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the article is to point out and describe the profiles of the concept of EUROPE in Wojciech Jagielski's non-fiction book All Lara's Wars. Profiling in ethnolinguistics is a process of creating an individual image (profile) of a particular object. The profiles can be diverse, depending on what kind of aspects are important in shaping a particular subjective vision. Based on the linguistic analysis of the chosen quotes from the book, six profiles of EUROPE have been pointed out: promised land, open home, fortress, package, waiting room and land of disappointment. The common aspect which can be found in all the profiles is the geographical one. However, each profile is shaped differently and is dominated by one of the aspects: living, social or civilisational (cultural). Two of the profiles are positively valued (promised land and open home) and the other four are negatively valued, which leads to the conclusion that the image of EUROPE presented in the book is mostly characterised as pejorative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This paper studies the proposals concerning tools in the scope of skills, administration and age management, which will grant to newcomers the appropriate incentives needed for action. Erroneous institutions may lead to misguided incentives, rent seeking and migrants chasing unproductive activities, which in turn does not lead to the construction of a market economy. Material and methods own elaboration Results We posit that migration into Europe should be subject to programmes coordinated at the European level. Military action cannot stop the infiltration of millions more, which in turn means that managing the new arrivals should be coordinated at the EU level, and the tools of administration, skills management and age management should be actively used in selecting, including into the labour market and activating the job potential of migrants. Conclusions We posit that migration into Europe should be subject to programmes coordinated at the European level. Military action cannot stop the infiltration of millions more, which in turn means that managing the new arrivals should be coordinated at the EU level, and the tools of administration, skills management and age management should be actively used in selecting, including into the labour market and activating the job potential of migrants.

The article is dedicated to a certain issue crucial for understanding the shaping of collective memory in the 20th century – the mechanisms creating areas of “collective oblivion” and the actions of restoring what has been removed from memory, repressed, omitted or kept secret. The studies and papers recalled in the erudite sketch go far beyond the borders of European memories, giving the readers an insight into the phenomena of memory and silence in their global dimension. By doing so, Luisa Passerini encourages her readers to abandon the arrogant belief in our uniqueness and cultural superiority. [Translation based on: L. Passerini, “Memories Between Silence and Oblivion”, [in:] Memory and Utopia. The Primacy and Intersubjectivity, London–New York 2007, p. 15–32. The permission to publish the translated version of the article has been granted by the author. License: CC BY-SA 4.0. (editor’s note)]

Most European countries have failed to integrate health care services. This inevitably leads to fragmented health care provision. This fragmentation results in long waiting times and involvement of multiple care providers who offer different forms of care. The lack of integration of health care seems to be one of the biggest challenges in health systems as integration calls for a holistic approach and the implementation of structural changes that are costly. The aim of the paper is to explore the nature and strategic forms of the mechanisms and tools dedicated to health care integration in selected European countries. The literature review was performed using resources of Web of Science and Ebsco. The search criteria focused on the following key words: integrated health care, care coordination, coordinated care programmes, and integration mechanisms. The time span of the analysis covered the last 20 years from 1998 to 2017. Finally, 39 studies were identified that presented the evidence-based experience with care coordination. Several strategic forms of health care integration have been identified, including structural, functional and subject-based mechanisms.

This paper investigates organisational-level attributes that allow European SMEs to choose equity-based modes of entry to foreign markets, thus becoming micro-multinationals. We hypothesize that international R&D cooperation (hypothesis 1) and using digital marketing (hypothesis 2) by SMEs increase their likelihood of becoming a mMNE. These hypotheses are tested through a logistic regression analysis based on a large sample of European companies drawn from the Flash Eurobarometer study. Separate regression models are estimated for companies originating from EU-13 and EU-15. Hypothesis 1 is supported by both samples. Hypothesis 2 is supported in the EU-15 sample. Our identification of organisational-level attributes that increase the likelihood of SMEs choosing equity-based internationalisation contributes to International Entrepreneurship entry mode literature.

Europe and Its Imaginary Borders in the Croatian Media Discourse after 2012 Today Croatia is one of the countries situated on the border of the European Union. It joined the EU in 2013, i.a. already after the financial crisis of 2008 and just before the permanent crisis resulting from the indebtedness of the Southern peripheries of the EU, revealing of the humanitarian situation of migrants at the Mediterranean and Balkan borders of the Union, as well as a rise in xenophobia in numerous member states. Therefore, imaginary borders of Europe in the Croatian media discourse after 2012 can be a significant research field. This paper presents preliminary results of an analysis of a large corpus of articles from the Internet issue of a daily newspaper Večernji list from October 2012 until October 2017. The analysis is focused on the linguistic modelling of the notion of Europe (especially in the context of the European integration) and its limits (especially in the context of migration). A brief background concerning the cultural history of the notion of Europe in the Croatian cultural universe is also provided.

Europe is facing great social and economic challenges now, being a result of the ageing process progressing faster than ever. This, however, might be perceived also as an opportunity for innovation, as well as an additional impulse for the so-called “Silver Economy”. To address these new needs and opportunities, the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) was initiated by the European Commission in 2012. After three years of its activity, it has proved to be a strong movement of European stakeholders committed to innovation, with its overarching target to increase the average healthy lifespan by two years by 2020. The ‘Triple Win’ strategy for Europe is based on the concepts of enabling the EU citizens to lead healthy, active and independent lives while ageing, improving the sustainability and efficiency of social and health care systems, and boosting and improving the competitiveness of markets for innovative products and services. Now, the EIP on AHA opens new calls that enable new stakeholders to become partners of this collaboration. This provides a unique opportunity to Polish institutions, as well as scientists. In order to help them use this opportunity effectively, the history, aims, structure and achievements of the EIP on AHA are shortly described in this paper.

The academic paper is focused on developing historical and current geopolitical positioning of Ukraine in Europe. The scholars have attempted to solve the problem of affiliation of Ukraine to a specific sub‑region of Europe – Central and/or Eastern. It has been reasoned and argued that on the map of the European sub‑regions, Ukraine occupies an extremely specific and mixed position, as its affiliation to any certain sub‑region has always been historically and geopolitically determined, however it largely correlates with some attributes inherent both to Central and Eastern Europe. In conclusion it has been specified that Ukraine, being a boundary country, is characterized by a paradoxical geopolitical position and inconstant nature of its geopolitical projection within the frames of the sub‑regions in Central and Eastern Europe.

The purpose of the paper is to summarize the accounting problems in e-commerce and to propose some solutions. The lack of clear and worldwide acceptable harmonized juridical norms, concerning e-commerce accounting and taxation; insufficient competence in the cross area of e-commerce and accounting; e-commerce opportunities on the edge of tax evasion and shadow economy; not enough research for accounting problems in e-commerce; opportunity of a real time electronic based audit, accounting, management, analysis; the need of proper reliable software and ethical competent staff- these are part of the problems in our focus sphere. The proposed solutions are adequate to the problems. But if it is more profitable to act in a non-harmonized ambiguous environment and there is no pressure for a change, it is more likely the status to be kept.

Drawing on hermeneutics, cultural anthropology and critical social theory, this article analyses different ways of 'speaking about the European Union'. Firstly, it argues that 'Europe' should be seen as an imagined space to which different social and political actors attribute different meanings over time. Secondly, it points out that intersubjective moment of (self-)identifi cation of Europe is of paramount importance for what is Europe today, especially in context of postmodernity and contemporary technocratic modes of the EU governance. Lastly, it calls for establishment of Critical European Studies and puts an emphasis on the role academic critique in 'speaking about the EU'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geological Exploration Technology, Geothermal Energy, Sustainable Development / Technika Poszukiwan Geologicznych is the property of Mineral & Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nationalities Affairs / Sprawy Narodowosciowe is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kromych Grzegorz, Rabant Hubert. Przemiany polityczne w wybranych krajach Europy w latach 1985-1991 i ich wpływ na integrację kontynentu = The political changes in the years 1985-1991 in selected European countries and their impact on the integration of the continent. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(12):50-63. ISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.34882 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2812%29%3A50-63 http://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/676006 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.09.2015. Revised 25.10.2015. Accepted: 30.11.2015. Przemiany polityczne w wybranych krajach Europy w latach 1985-1991 i ich wpływ na integrację kontynentu The political changes in the years 1985-1991 in selected European countries and their impact on the integration of the continent Kromych Grzegorz, Rabant Hubert Instytut Geografii, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy Streszczenie: Artykuł omawia przemiany polityczne w Europie w latach 1989-1991. Do analizy wybrane zostały trzy kraje: byłe ZSRR, Polska oraz Niemcy. Wskazano najważniejsze wydarzenia polityczne, które umożliwiły demokratyzację tego obszaru. Omówiony zostały także wpływ tych przemian na możliwości integracji europejskiej. Abstract: The article discusses the political changes in Europe in the years 1985-1991. Three countries: the former Soviet Union, Poland and Germany were selected to the analysis. There were pointed the main political events that enabled to the democratization process of the area. Also the impact of these changes on the European integration was discussed. Słowa kluczowe: przemiany polityczne, Europa, integracja Europy. Keywords: political changes, Europe, the European integration.

The reforms driven by New Public Management (NPM) led to the introduction of management principles in local governments, marketisation and outsourcing. They made the greatest impact in the United Kingdom, but were also put in place in other European countries such as Ireland, Sweden, Germany, and – to the least degree – in France (compared to other countries discussed in this paper). There is a risk that NPM-inspired reforms may come to lose sight of the underlying social purpose of public services. NPM has not however become a new, universal model for public sector management. Issues tackled in the debate concerning the reform of public services have moved (mostly in the UK) beyond the concerns of NPM towards the emerging concept of networked community governance.

Copyright of Acta Geographica Lodziensia is the property of Lodz Scientific Society / Lodzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research Papers of the Wroclaw University of Economics / Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu is the property of Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)