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Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper traces the factors which promote a change in the relationship model between a pregnant woman and a fetus, from a complex one-patient medical model into a two-patient model. In the second model, as its name suggests, the prenatal phases of human life gain the moral status of an independent patient. Such an approach has adverse effects on a pregnant woman; these effects are mentioned in my polemic with Susan Mattingly. In the second part of the paper I analyze the attempt to offer a theoretical justification of the status of fetus as a patient taken up by Frank Chervenak and Laurence McCullough, in which the elements of the complex one-patient medical model of a pregnant woman and a fetus are preserved. My analysis shows the failure of such an approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over recent years a significant progress in identifying mechanisms of portal hypertension etiopathogenesis has been observed. However, some unclear subjects in this disease have existed so far. Portal hypertension is an interdisciplinary pathology. Portal hypertension is primarily caused by the increase in resistance to portal outflow and secondly by an increase in splanchnic blood flow. This paper presents its etiopathogenesis, mechanisms responsibile for the increased vascular tone in the sinusoidal/postsinusoidal area and hyperdynamic circulation. The authors stress the pathogenetic role of endothelial factors due to vasodilators and to vasoconstrictors as well as the role of hepatic stellate cells. Furthermore, the paper presents the most frequent causes of portal hypertension. Understanding the pathogenesis of portal hypertension could be of great utility in preventing and curing the complications of portal hypertension, such as esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a case of synchronous colorectal cancer (3 foci) with liver metastasis and a positive family history. The available literature revealed several cases with three (3) synchronous foci of colorectal cancer, but none presented the same grade of malignancy and the same degree of severity as the case in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Pre-school children seem to be particularly susceptible to upper respiratory tract infections, which represent a significant health problem in this group of patients. Aim. The aim of this paper is to assess the incidence of articulatory disorders in children and their relationship with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Materials and methods. The study involved in total 63 children aged 3 to 7 with a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections. The frequency and type of infections was established and the children's hearing was tested. Forty three of children were diagnosed with conductive hypoacusis (study group). Ten children without hypoacusis were used as controls (group II). Results. In the study group, 24 (56%) out of 43 children revealed various phonological speech disorders, as compared to 3 (30%) in the control group. Thirty per cent of the study group parents reported hearing disorders, while articulatory disorders were reported by 50% of those parents. A relationship was found to occur between the frequency of articulatory errors, the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections, and the prevalence of hypoacusis. Conclusions. Hypoacusis resulting from upper respiratory tract infections may lead to articulatory disorders at pre-school age. Furthermore, parents are usually more likely to notice articulatory disorders than hypoacusis in their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) is produced as a by-product during the process of synthesis of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Both these peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP) play an important role in cardiologic diagnostic algorithms in different age groups of patients. Each new publication of scientific research points to new areas in which the NT-proBNP and BNP can be used. Our paper attempts to give a brief introduction to the history and biology of natriuretic peptides. It also intends to describe the relationship between BNP and NT-proBNP. The last most comprehensive part of our work reviews the use of these peptides with the emphasis on their role in neonatology, particularly in the diagnosis of patent arterial duct (PDA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: "Drop of Milk" - the first child care institution of this type on Polish historical territory, was founded in the city of ŁódŻ in 1904. This paper concerns the period of the institution's extensive development and prosperity (1918-1939). Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of "Drop of Milk" in ŁódŻ - its prophylaxis activity targeted at newborns, infants and young children. Material and methods: "Reports" of "Drop of Milk" in ŁódŻ were the main historical source. Methods, typical of medical and historical research, have been applied; descriptive method as well as calculation technique and statistical evaluation. Results: The number of newborns, infants and young children, who received prophylactic care from "Drop of Milk" in ŁódŻ in 1918- 1939 grew from 2580 (1918) to 8227 (1938). The average number of outpatient clinic appointments per child per year grew from 1.6 (1918) to 4.66 (1938). After each appointment 0.75 (1933) to 1.96 (1928) visits of a social nurse in a child's home usually followed. Comparing the curves of diagrams of the average number of outpatient clinic appointments per child per year and the average amount of sterilized milk delivered to a child per year revealed the differences between the second half of the 1920s and in the 1930s. Conclusions: The success in introducing breast feeding in 1920s was diminished in 1930s, probably due to poverty of workers. The study confirmed previous view on remarkable efficiency of "Drop of Milk" in ŁódŻ as a prophylactic care institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The imbalance of intestinal microflora in patients with liver cirrhosis is common and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of life threatening complications. Hepatorenal syndrome is an example of serious complication of decompensated cirrhosis. It occurs as a consequence of several pathologic activations of enzymatic pathways, which lead to serious but initially reversible hemodynamic disturbances. However, party due to our limited knowledge of its pathomechanism the pharmacological treatment is ineffective. The therapeutic substances with gut microbiota modifying properties might change the prognosis of patients with liver cirrhosis. Probiotics possess the potential to modulate synthesis of endogenous substances implicated in the pathogenesis of liver complications. In this paper we review the current knowledge on the role of intestinal microflora in liver cirrhosis and induction of its complications. Therapeutic and clinical implications with strong emphasis on probiotics in cirrhotic patients are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Physiotherapy / Fizjoterapia is the property of Physiotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic health problem in childhood. When uncontrolled, asthma can place severe limits on daily life, and is sometimes fatal. Asthma in infants and young children represents a therapeutic challenge for pediatricians. The management of asthma can be approached in different ways. The goals for successful management of asthma are: achieve and maintain control of symptoms, prevent asthma exacerbations, maintain pulmonary function as close to normal levels as possible, maintain patient's normal activity levels, and prevent asthma mortality. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) was launched in 1993 to create objectives for asthma management; it has its own web site and is updated each year by international experts. This paper reviews current literature on asthma management in children and it is based on GINA 2006 update. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sublingual immunotherapy is an efficient and safe method of treating atopic allergic diseases. Patient's self-immunotherapy is associated with the risk of wrong dose and incorrect drug intake timing, which can be dangerous to patient's life. This paper reports a case of 16-years old girl who developed anaphylactic shock after overdosing of sublingual allergen vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Surgery / Chirurgia Polska is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)