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The paper contains basic information relating to treatment with immunoglobulin. Presented indications for their use, among others: primary immunodeficiency, Kawasaki disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, primary thrombocytopenia. The factors to consider when choosing a preparation: the content of IgG, IgA, method of administration (intravenous or subcutaneous). The most frequent side effects, depending on the organ localization. Presented at risk (obesity, diabetes, renal failure, hypovolemia) in which these symptoms may occur especially frequently, which should be taken into account in the conduct of therapy (adequate hydration, low-dose, slow infusion).

Biotinylated surface and somatic protein extracts of the nematode Capillaria resecta were analysed by SDS-PAGE followed by Western blotting in order to examine their antigenic character. The antigens were probing with serum of C. resecta naturally infected birds (jackdaws). Surface and somatic antigens were recognised by serum IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies. The most intense reactivity of sera was evident with TBS-soluble surface proteins. The present paper has shown that surface proteins of C. resecta are more immunogenic than somatic and they are able to elicit stronger immune response in the bird's body.

Copyright of Advances in Hygiene & Experimental Medicine / Postepy Higieny i Medycyny Doswiadczalnej is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the constant development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods, there is no specific test for patients with head and neck carcinoma, which can help in the early diagnosis, monitoring of the follow ups. The thesis of that paper were accompanied with remark that in many cases there is a level of change of some acute phase protein and immunity immunoglobulins. The research group consisted of 146 men and 15 women, together 161 patients with head and neck carcinoma. 114 patients with larynx carcinoma, 32 with oral carcinoma, 7 with carcinoma of ethomaxillary area, 6 with parotid gland carcinoma and 2 with ear carcinoma. Patients were divided into 5 groups. The first group (52 patients) with diagnosed carcinoma before treatment, second group (33 patients) with confirmed recidivation after treatment, third group (20 patients) after radiotherapy with no recidivation, fourth group (31 patients) after surgery treatment with no recidivation, fifth group (25 patients) after combined treatment with no recidivation. Sixth group (30 patients) was a control group. Particular acute phase proteins serum level were measured; C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (HPT), transferrin (TRF), protein C3 complement, immunity albumin's IgA, IgG, IgM. The results of five groups were compared with results of control groups. One of the ground of the statistically analyzed results were possible to draw such conclusions: 1. C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, transferrin serum levels have a significant correlation to carcinoma process. 2. Manifestation of carcinoma recidivans after treatment causes statistically significant change of C-reactive protein and haptoglobin concentration. 3. After radical antineoplasmatic treatment there is a return of C-reactive protein and haptoglobin concentration to normal level. 4. Protein C3 complement and immunity immunoglobulins medium serum levels were normal and there were no differences compare to control group.

Copyright of Polish Journal of Allergology / Alergologia Polska is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Child Neurology / Neurologia Dziecięca is the property of BiFolium and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper contains the results of qualitative and quantitative immunoglobulin (Ig) determinations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in multiple sclerosis (m.s.) and their evaluation in the aspect of the significance of local production and oligoclonal character of Ig in the pathogenesis of m.s. A statistically significant rise was found in the absolute and relative levels of IgG and IgA with an evident rise in the IgM level and IgG ratio values. The oligoclonal character of CSF Ig in electrophoresis in agar or agarose was evident in 84% of m.s. cases, and also in a limited number of cases of other central nervous system diseases. Abnormal ratio of kappa/lambda light globulin chains was found exclusively in investigations of CSF from m.s. cases--in 52% of cases, and in one case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The author concludes that in most m.s. cases local production of oligoclonal Ig takes place within the CNS, but the mechanisms determining local selection of a limited number of cell clones in this disease are not known. It may be supposed that an action of external factor(s) on the immune system in the period preceding the appearance of clinical manifestations of the disease may be of decisive significance for the oligoclonal character of Ig in this disease.

Mast cells play an important role in diverse physiological mechanisms as well as taking part in antimicrobial defense. What is more, these cells are important regulators of a number of pathophysiological processes, involving allergic reactions. Therefore, it seems to be very important to know and understand the factors and receptors influencing mast cell activity. Nowadays it is well established that activating signals are counterbalanced by negative or inhibition signals transmitted by inhibitory receptors containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). Inhibitory receptor engagement leads to ITIM tyrosine phosphorylation, the recruitment and activation of protein tyrosine phosphatases such as SHP-1, SHP-2 and/or SHIP, and the dephosphorylation of activating receptor associated proteins. There is growing evidence that a number of inhibitory receptors have been identified on mast cells. The scope of this paper is to present the current knowledge on mast cell-associated inhibitory receptors, such as FcgRIIB, paired immunoglobulin- like receptor B (PIR-B), CD300, CD172a, gp49B1, CD200R, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin- like lectin (Siglec) molecules, CD305, allergin-1, mast cell function-associated antigen (MAFA), and CD72. The role of these inhibitory receptors in regulation mast cell activity is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeted therapy is a new therapeutic method consisting in the inhibition of specific molecular pathways. In modern therapy, the key role is played by monoclonal antibodies, included in the group of biological agents. The success of molecularly targeted therapy is to define the proper "molecular target", selecting the right drug active against a specific "target" and selecting a group of patients who benefit from treatment. Introduction of targeted therapy resulted in improved results of the treatment of many serious and chronic diseases. In general, targeted molecular therapies have good toxicity profiles, but some patients are exquisitely sensitive to these drugs and can develop particular and severe toxicities. Patient selection and proper monitoring significantly decrease the risk of life-threatening adverse events. Data concerning late side effects are still unavailable because of the short follow-up of molecularly targeted therapy. Currently in the U.S. and Europe there are approximately 31 registered therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, while 160 are subjected to clinical trials. This paper presents an overview of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies currently used in therapy and the present state of knowledge about them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are currently more than 80 different autoimmune diseases, affecting approximately 100 million people worldwide. The etiology of most autoimmune diseases is unknown. The highest incidence of these diseases is in the developed countries and they are more common in women than in men. Among the most often listed factors responsible for the onset of autoimmunity are genetic predisposition and the phenomenon known as molecular mimicry. The latter stems from a similarity between microbial antigens and antigens present in the human body (self antigens). It is believed that such homology is responsible for the production of auto-antibodies and in consequence attack of the immune system against host tissues and organs. However, the main molecular factors responsible for these diseases in most cases remain unknown. While pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases indicates the presence of molecular mimicry, at the same time the similarities between the own and foreign structures do not always result in autoimmunity. Therefore, prediction of such crucial homology responsible for the development of autoimmune disease is extremely difficult. In this paper we present examples of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, reactive arthritis and the potential contribution of micro-organisms to the mechanism of molecular mimicry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many papers describing the unknown mechanism of Leśniowski-Crohn disease implicate bacteria as a possible factor inducing immunological disorders in the intestinal mucosa. Many species of bacteria are considered to be responsible for the immunological disorders in Leśniowski-Crohn's disease, but Escherichia coil bacilli and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis are the most commonly investigated species. E. coli are the most prevalent among microaerophilic and anaerobic bacteria in the bowels of patients with chronic as well as early Leśniowski-Crohn disease. Antigens of E. coli have been detected in 70% of samples obtained from mucosa of patients with Leśniowski-Crohn disease. The bacilli were also isolated from macrophages residing in the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa of patients with the disease. Serological investigations have revealed that E. coli specific antibodies are present at higher levels in patients with Leśniowski-Crohn than in healthy controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmunological diseases pose a serious challenge for the contemporary medicine, especially paediatrics, because of the increasing morbidity and the protracted character of these cases. In genetically predisposed people, and with impaired regulation of the immune system due to different environmental factors, formation of auto antibodies against cellular antigens of own tissues and organs can be observed. Autoimmunological diseases can spread over all the organs and they frequently occur in characteristic clinical configurations - complexes. The celiac disease, auto immunological thyroid disease and type I diabetes appear most frequently in the developmental age population at the same time as the diseases of the immunological etiology. Despite of a long research directed at the co-existence of the mentioned above diseases, there is still no common standard for screening of risk groups, and among them children with type I diabetes. The paper shows modem views on the etiopathogenesis of auto immunological illnesses co-existing with type I diabetes among children, the occurrence, as well as the therapeutic and diagnostic schemes recommended in different countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chromosome X-linked Bruton agammaglobulinemia is classified as a primary immunodeficiency disorder. It is a genetic condition associated with a mutation in the BTK gene encoding tyrosine kinase. It is characterised by the lack or only trace amounts of B cells and immunoglobulins, which results in humoral immunodeficiency. Clinical signs of Bruton agammaglobulinemia include recurring bacterial respiratory tract infections, sinusitis and otitis media. Physical examination reveals hypoplastic palatine tonsils and peripheral lymph nodes. Patients are predisposed to severe, chronic and life-threatening infections, usually caused by polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria, such as: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Moraxella catarrhalis. The diagnostic process of agammaglobulinemia is based on B cell and immunoglobulin counts. Its treatment consists in regular immunoglobulin supplementation. The paper presents a case of a patient admitted to hospital due to pneumonia. The interview revealed recurring infections, including severe pneumonia.