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In this article we have described an innovative method of general anaesthesia with chlorophorm in horses, elaborated by profesor Stanisław Królikowski in 1890. The second half of 19th century was a period of unusually intense development of human and veterinary anaesthesiology. Discovered anaesthetic gases, like ether and chloroform, have began to be used in practice. Special devices were constructed allowing their application to animals also. In 1890 in the journal „Przegląd Weterynarski”, an article by Professor Królikowski, describing a device for the intratracheal administration of chloroform in horses, was published. was a device of simple and inexpensive design, allowing the patient to fall asleep within three minutes, and this effect, without additional anaesthetic doses, lasted for about 30 minutes. The author mentioned, then concluded, that it could also be used for cattle and dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Allergology / Alergologia Polska is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anaesthesia is derived from two Greek words that literally mean "senseless". It can therefore be concluded that anaesthesia consists in interrupting the conduction of nerve impulses in both directions, both afferent nerve impulses from receptor cells and efferent nerve impulses to effector cells. Anaesthesia is also referred to as general anaesthesia or colloquially narcosis.A characteristic feature of any general anaesthesia is the ability to end it and return the patient's consciousness back to its initial state. The story of anaesthesia describes the gradual realization of a human dream to sleep through everything unknown and painful and wake up happy and without bad memories. Initially, natural resources were used. Later, gas anaesthesia was used to eliminate pain. In contrast, intravenous anaesthesia is the most common nowadays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hungarian Journal of Anesthesiolog & Intensive Therapy / Aneszteziológia és Intenzív Terápia is the property of Hungarian Society of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Therapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Examining the patient's level of satisfaction with anaesthesia for surgery is an important tool to gather information about the strengths and weaknesses of services rendered. The aim of the research was to grade the satisfaction level of the patients regarding anaesthesia according to PSSZ in chosen aspects. Material and methods: The research was undertaken with 217 patients after operation from surgical and gynaecologic branches. The majority of the respondents were 79.6%. The average age of respondents was 46.69 years (18-86 years). A diagnostic survey method was used with the addition of a standardised questionnaire: the Polish Scale of Satisfaction with Anaesthesia. Results: The satisfaction is located between to ends of the scale, from satisfied to not satisfied. A correlation was found between PSSZ and the age of the respondents (p < 0.05), and it was found that the level of satisfaction with anaesthesia increased with the age of the patients. However, no correlation was found between PSSZ and gender, place of residence, and education (p > 0.05). In addition, it was shown that pharmacological preparation, time spent in the operating theatre, and type of anaesthesia affected the level of satisfaction with anaesthesia. Conclusions: 1. The satisfaction among the examined patients with anaesthesia was at an average level. 2. Patient age can determine the satisfaction level; older patients were more satisfied with anaesthesia than were younger patients. 3. The use of pharmacological preparation, the type of anaesthesia used, and the length of stay in the operating theatre may lead to better assessment of satisfaction with anaesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrund. Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty provides a solution for complex problems providing significant improvements to shoulder of dysfunction. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by fatigable weakness of skeletal muscles. Anaesthetic concerns for patients with MG include the interactions among the disease, the disease treatment, and the medications used for anaesthesia, particularly neuromuscular blocking agents. This report describes anaesthesia for reverse shoulder arthroplasty in a patient with myasthenia gravis. Case report. A 68-year-old woman with diagnosed myasthenia gravis was admmited to Orthopaedic Surgery Ward and scheduled for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. After some considerations with patient and surgeon it was decided to perform combined anaesthesia including brachial plexus block and general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation and rocuronium use, which residual action was reversed by sugammadex. Conclusions. Combined anaesthesia, with tracheal intubation and the use of neuromuscular agent was successful and uneventful. Neuromuscular blockade was reversed with the use of sugammadex. Perioperative management of the patient was effective and uneventful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Nursing / Pielegniarstwo Polskie is the property of Poznan University of Medical Sciences Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Several important changes in the surgical medical practice have been observed for the past few decades. The number of surgical procedures and the role of ambulatory surgery in the health care systems have increased due to the constant improvement in the medical technology. Planned surgical procedure performance on the day of the hospital admittance to the ambulatory surgery center and patients discharge on the same day with the possibility of extended recovery brings many medical, social and economic benefits. Anaesthesia for ambulatory surgery ensures the use of proper anaesthesia techniques allowing quick recovery, smooth postoperative period, early discharge home and quick resumption of daily activities. Successful and safe ambulatory anaesthesia is based on the careful selection of patients for the planned surgical procedure, appropriate anaesthetic methods for a given surgery, patient's assessment with evaluation of existing comorbidities and the current treatment. Perioperative management must minimize postoperative risk of complications, including postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting. Presented review describes choosen aspects of the patient preoperative assessment, performed anaesthetic procedures and proposed new anaesthesia techniques and novel medication which can broaden the anaesthetist's armamentary for ambulatory surgery and anaesthesia in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the problems often encountered while qualifying a patient with malignant disease for anaesthesia. Different considerations are discussed, with special focus on the fact that any malignancy is, in fact, a disease of the entire organism and must not be perceived as pathophysiology of the initially affected organs. Effects of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy are also tackled, including cardiotoxic, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic drug regimens and risks encountered when analysing the airway and ventilatory capabilities. The meanders of antiplatelet therapy are also discussed, stressing the need of a common decision reached by both the surgeon, the anaesthesiologist and the patient, who has to make fully aware of the risk/benefit score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surgical and anaesthesiological teams are responsible for the safety of the patient throughout the entire surgical procedure. The anaesthesiologist and anaesthetic nurse, which are part of the operating room staff, should do their best to provide the best possible anaesthesia and intraoperative care. A vital part of the process is epidemiological safety. Causes of potential infections may be linked to: the patient - inadequate preparation (poor dental hygiene, inefficient prevention of surgical site infections), operating theatre and staff, as well as the equipment used intraoperatively. Cross-infections may occur in the operating room. It is worth noticing that both staff and the anaesthetic equipment may be a source of infection. Appropriate hand hygiene and proper use of available devices is vital. This article will try to specify the key points of infection control dedicated to anaesthetic teams and the rules that apply in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central blockades in children were described a little bit later than in adults but for many years they could not become a standard procedure. The anaesthesia of the child, still growing immature organism makes necessity to preserve particular caution and attentiveness for using the most safe drugs and technics. The central blockades are one of the elements that provide that rule. They of course require to remember about the anatomical and physiological differences, to assure absolutely safe requirements for the procedure and assure the possibility for monitoring before, during and after operation. They are used in many procedures affecting lower extremities, abdomen, chest, analgesia in acute pain and in chronic conditions. The contraindications are the same like in adults, the primary one is the lack of parental permission. Possible complications are not frequent and do not eliminate this technic from use. The central blockades allow safe put through the operation and after operation period, they speed up implement of prospective rehabilitation, and shorten the duration of treatment and child mind wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common malformations, acting for over 15% of all congenital defects requiring surgery. This defect is inherited polygenic, but the enviromental factor is essential to trigger this condition. Cleft lip and palate occurs in many genetic syndromes, accompanied mostly by the heart defects, which are difficult to perform laryngoscopy and intubation. Equipment and experience let the anesthesiologist to take care of the patient during surgery in a safely way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. According to the guidelines of the Working Party on Post Anaesthesia Care (2009), „the assessment of neuromuscular functions should be performed during emergence and recovery for patients who have received nondepolarizing blocking agents". In an attempt to determine current practice, we carried out a survey among anaesthesiologists providing anaesthesia for paediatric patients. Material and methods. Survey participants were asked to give details regarding their use of the neuromuscular monitors, availability of the modern reversal agents, and drugs used for the rapid sequence induction. Results and discussion. 99 anaesthesiologists filled in the questionnaire. Most of them used neuromuscular monitoring seldom or never, apparently underestimating the possibility of the residual neuromuscular block after the administration of the intermediate-acting muscle relaxants in children. Knowledge regarding the current minimum recommended train of four ratio which should be observed prior to extubation seemed to be limited, even though vast majority of the participating anaesthesiologists had an access to a monitor of neuromuscular transmission. Sugammadex was available to 86% of the participating anaesthesiologists, but again, there was a limited knowledge regarding its use as a „rescue" medication. Suxamethonium was still used for rapid sequence induction/intubation. Conclusions. Further training is required to change the negative attitude toward the monitoring of the neuromuscular transmission, and to implement the current recommendations concerning its recovery prior to the removal of the endotracheal tube. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Lipophyllic opioids are often used as adjunts to local anaesthetics to enhance efficacy of pain relief and decrease the risk of toxicity. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy and safety of sufentanil and fentanyl administered as a continuous epidural infusion with 0.2% ropivacaine for postoperative pain relief in infants and toddlers undergoing major abdominal or urological surgery. Material and methods. With the approval of the Institutional Review Board, and with the informed consent from the parents, 39 healthy infants and toddlers aged 3-36 mo. were enrolled in a prospective open-label study. After induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation, lumbar epidural catheter was placed, loading dose on 0.2% ropivacaine, 0.5 ml·kg-1 with either sufentanil, 0.2 µg·kg-1 (SUF group), or fentanil, 2 µg·kg-1 (FENT group) was given, and epidural infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine 0.15 ml·kg-1·h-1 with sufentanil, 0.112 µg·kg-1·h-1, or fentanyl, 1.12 µg·kg·kg-1·h-1 was started. The dose of opioids was reduced threefold for postoperative period, and paracetamol, 60 mg·kg-1 per day in infants < 12 mo., and 80 mg·kg-1 per day in children > 1 yo. was added. Morphine was prescribed as rescue analgesia. Postoperative analgesia was monitored using the COMFORT-B scale. Vital signs and all side effects were recorded. Results. Analgesia was excellent in vast majority of cases in both study groups. Rescue analgesia was necessary more frequently in the SUF group (P = 0.035). Respiratory rate close to the lower normal values was a regular finding in both groups. Conclusions. 0.2% ropivacaine with 0.37 µg·kg-1·h-1 of fentanyl seems to provide optimal analgesia in infants and toddlers following major surgery. Monitoring of vital signs seems compulsory. Anestezjologia i Ratownictwo 2015; 9: 42-53. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Inappropriate setting or insufficient monitoring of respiratory parameters during anaesthesia may carry a risk of serious complications. Modern anaesthesia machines compensate for the compliance of the anaesthetic circuit, but they are built primarily for the adult patients. In the presented paper we have used data from a bigger study on the gas exchange and respiratory mechanics in anaesthetized children. Material and methods. The study included 16 generally healthy children (I and II group ASA) aged 1-11 years and weighing 10-30 kg, who had surgery without opening of the body cavities under general anesthesia. The lungs were ventilated using pressure controlled ventilation (PVC) and volume controlled ventilation (VCV), and the parameters of respiratory mechanics and gas exchange ie. peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), inspiratory tidal volume (Vti), expiratory tidal volume (Vtexp), end-expiratory pressure of CO2 (PeCO2), were monitored using the standard equipment built in modern machine Datex Ohmeda Avance CS2 (GE, EU) and by an additional monitor NICO (Phillips-Respironics, Murrysville, Pa, USA), which had its capnomether and flow sensor placed in the vicinity of the patients' airways. Results. PIP, tidal volumes: inspiratory Vti and expiratory Vtexp, as well as PeCO2 measured by NICO were greater than those measured by the standard monitoring equipment of the anesthesia machine in almost all measurements, both during ventilation VCV, and PCV. Conclusion. It seems fully justified to measure the parameters of the respiratory mechanics and PeCO2 with the sensor placed close to the patients' airways in all high-risk paediatric patients, especially that the Datex Ohmeda CS2 is equipped with the Pedi-Lite sensor and gas sampler, that makes this task possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Article describes epidemiology,pathophysiology and clinical significance of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gynecological surgery. Authors focus on the rules of risk assessment,prophylaxis and suggest schemes of perioperative management leading to decreasing frequency of this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors in patients undergoing general anaesthesia is a major problem in clinical practice. As a result of interactions between these drugs and other concomitantly administered peri-procedural complications may occur leading to the deterioration of the patient and may lead to life-threatening. Appropriate management of this group of patients and to anticipate complications that may occur is one of the components of good practice anesthesia. This paper presents the treatment of patients receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors, which is to be subjected to general anaesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]