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Authors present one of the ocular diabetic complications--diabetic keratoepitheliopathy. The aim of this article is to summarize the knowledge about diabetic keratoepitheliopathy, its causes, manifestations and treatment options. Diabetes mellitus is associated with structural and functional disturbances in eyelids, conjunctiva and cornea. There are also changes in tear film present. Diabetic neuropathy resulting from the biochemical poor control of diabetes is the probable basic cause of the pathology. Mechanisms responsible for these changes are still not well understood. The corneal and conjunctival complications may occur spontaneously. But more often they arise from undue stress of intraocular surgery procedures. The incidence of diabetic keratoepitheliopathy in diabetic patients is high. However, it is rarely diagnosed. Effectiveness of symptomatic treatment with use of common medications is not satisfactory and it needs further investigation.

Purpose: To evaluate the course of palpebral type of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and relation of the number of recurrences per year, to patients age and to estimate the frequency of irreversible corneal transparency changes and visual acuity decrease., Material and Methods: There were 34 eyes of 17 children, 13 boys (76.4%) included 2 brothers and 4 girls. The age of patients was from 5 to 14 years, mean 9.1. All patients were hospitalized because of pathological corneal changes. Follow up from 2 to 13 years (mean 8.4). The number of recurrences ranged from 2 to 5 per year and there was not correlation between age of children and frequency of episodes., Results: We have observed punctate keratopathy (79.14% of cases) and corneal ulcers (26.5% of cases). In 25 eyes of 13 patients cryocoagulation and/or excision of giant palpebral papillae were done. Visual acuity ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 and mean value before treatment was 0.879 +/- 0.09 and after 0.884 +/- 0.10. The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.878)., Conclusions: (1) The course of VKC is recurrent, the number of recurrences per year does not depend on the age of patients, but is correlated with giant papillae of palpebral conjunctiva presence. (2) Large papillae should be excised, in order to make the healing of cornea quicker. (3) Permanent visual function decreasing is not frequent because partial leucoma is localized at the periphery of cornea.

Purpose: To estimate the central corneal thickness in young patients and to evaluate the relationship between the intraocular pressure (IOP) and pachometry., Patients and Methods: Eighty eyes of 40 children at the age from 9-18 years, mean 13.75 were examined. The applanation tonometry, pachometry, refraction and examination of corneal diameter were done. To statistical purpose t-Student test was used alpha = 0.05., Results: IOP ranged from 12 to 24 mmHg, in 32 eyes was above 17 mmHg, mean 20.2 +/- 1.46 mmHg (I group) and in 48 eyeballs ranged from 12 to 17 mmHg, mean 15.6 +/- 0.96 mmHg (II group), p = 0. In the I group pachometry was from 480 to 591 microm, mean 542 +/- 11.1 and in the II group from 451 to 570 microm mean 521.7 +/- 9.39 p = 0.006. Mean refractive error in the I group was -0.4 D (from -5.0 to +4.0 D) and in the II group mean -0.8 (from -6.25 to +4.75), p = 0.45. In the both groups corneal diameter was from 11.5 to 12.5 mm. Comparing eyeballs of patients at similar age, refraction and corneal diameter, it was shown that central corneal thickness in the group with higher IOP was statistically significantly bigger than in the group II., Conclusion: Measuring IOP in children we have to take into account the corneal thickness.

Among 11 patients aged 9-79 years with diagnosed pemphigoid 5 were men and 6 women. Three persons exhibited only some conjunctival irritation and conjunctival adhesions, the remaining 8--besides some shallowness of the fornices--showed also corneal changes. Six patients showed signs of the dry-eye syndrome and 3--symptoms of secondary glaucoma. General treatment (Avlosulfon, encorton) was applied in 8 patients.