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The revenues from the agricultural tax only to a small extent contribute to the budgets of communes, and they often constitute the basic source of tax revenues in rural communes. This is the main reason for the worse income situation of rural communes in Poland. Rural communes in Poland are the least independent units and such situation requires the search for effective sources of income for local government units. For many years, there has also been a discussion on the possibility of real taxation of income from agricultural activities. Considering the above, the purpose of this study was to analyze the income equipment of rural communes in the field of agricultural tax in 2011–2017. The analysis of the income structure confirms that in rural communes, the share of agricultural tax in total income is twice as high as the average in Polish communes. However, this is not a factor that makes it possible to increase the financial independence of rural communes.

The article presents the importance of the family and its support from the perspective of a person diagnosed with a mental disorder. The given fragment of findings comes from a study whose primary subject was the socio-biographical experiences of people with a mental disorder who benefited from various forms of institutional support. The article focuses on the impact of an institution such as the family, in particular on the importance of its support for people experiencing a mental disorder. The study was conducted in an interpretative paradigm using qualitative methods – an autobiographical narrative interview. A total of 60 narratives were collected with narrators of both genders between 2019 and 2023; the youngest interviewee was 19 years old and the oldest was 65. The analysis of the material allowed us to generate the basic types of families and the type of support present in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, behavioral and cognitive symptoms. Its cause is the pathology of the tau protein encoded on the 17q21 chromosome. The article describes a 54-year-old patient who developed psychiatric disorders as the first symptoms of PSP. The patient was admitted to the Department of Psychiatry due to the deterioration of his mental state and the ineffectiveness of the therapy provided due to organic mood disorders. The patient experienced symptoms such as apathy, depression, sleep disturbances and psychomotor disturbances. The diagnosis of PSP requires the presence of clinical features and typical histopathological features. Therefore, during the life of the patient, there can be talk of a suspected or probable PSP. Cooperation with a neurologist and the clinical picture have determined the diagnosis of probable PSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Unlabelled: Menopause affects women most commonly after 40 years of age. At this time there is higher risk of myocardial infarction, hypertension, high cholesterol level, diabetes, overweight, osteoporosis as well as balance disorders and vertigo., The Aim of This Work: was to evaluate the activity of the vestibular organ in menopausal women not using Hormone Replacement Therapy, and then to compare the results with a group of young healthy women. The study involved 100 women aged between 18 and 55 years, qualified into the following study groups: I group (control group)--50 healthy women aged 18-23, II group (study group)--50 menopausal women aged 45-55, not using Hormone Replacement Therapy., Methods: The study included evaluation of the character and intensity of vertigo, Romberg and Mann test, static posturography, ENG with eyes open and closed, Fitzgerald-Hallpike caloric test, eye-tracking test and optokinetics in all the women., Conclusions: It was found that menopausal women tend to have central nervous system disorders, peripheral vestibular disorders occur sporddically.