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The pathomechanism of acute complications of atheromatosis, i.e. arterial thrombosis, still remains unclear. Conventional cardiovascular risk factors can explain only about 50% of cases of arterial thrombosis. The activation of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of the coagulation system on damaged atherosclerotic plaque is one of the most important mechanisms. The role of clotting factors in the development of arterial thrombosis is also considered. From among a few clotting factors (V, VIII, XIII), factor VIII arouses interest due to the well-known observation that the morbidity for cardiovascular reasons is less among hemophiliacs than in the general population. A high factor VIII level predicts the occurrence of episodes of venous thromboses, but its role in the pathogenesis of arterial thromboses is still unclear. In clinical studies, a high factor VIII level predicts episodes of stroke, myocardial infarct, and acute lower-limb ischemia over a short period of observation. A high factor VIII level may the cause of about 5% of all episodes of arterial thrombosis. The reasons for elevated factor VIII levels in some persons remain unclear. Although heritability can play an important role, the influence of other factors (e.g. activation of the sympathetic nervous system) has been reported. The pathomechanism is the subject of investigation as well. An explanation for the occurrence of severe complications of arterial thrombosis in patients without significant risk factors may result in the development of methods of detection and prevention.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate haemostatic variables in women with anorexia nervosa --AN., Material and Methods: 23 obese female patients, and 39 female anorexic patients diagnosed acc. to DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria were recruited. The studied group was compared to a control group--37 healthy female volunteers. BMI was calculated for AN, obese, and the control group. The following measurements were taken: prothrombin index, prothrombin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, factor VII, ATIII, D-dimers, INR, APTT, protein C and PAI-1 activity, t-PA activity, PAI-1 antigen, t-PA antigen, glucose level, insulin level, E2 and total fat., Results: In the AN group the INR, prothrombin time, PAI-1 activity, t-PA activity, protein C level were increased, whereas PAI-1 antigen, t-PA antigen, prothrombin index, fasting insulin level and fasting glucose level were decreased., Conclusions: We conclude that, in the AN group, an impaired fibrinolysis and coagulation are observed and there is a correlation between fibrinolytic and coagulation parameters and carbohydrate metabolism.

Haemostasis plays an important role in the development of cardiac complications--acute coronary syndromes. The thrombus formation in coronary arteries, related to unstable atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the basic pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes. The balance between coagulation and fibrinolytic system influences on ruptured atherosclerotic plaque and following acute coronary syndrome. Critical narrow or total occlusion of the coronary artery could be a consequence of this interaction. Researches are continued to determine precisely role of haemostasis disorders in unstable angina pectoris. The aim of this paper is to review the literature data concerning haemostatic risk factors in unstable angina pectoris. Fibrinogen, thrombocytes, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor (vWF), thrombomodulin (TM), plasminogen activator inhibitor--type 1 (PAI-1), tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) and other haemostatic factors, play more or less essential role in unstable angina pectoris. However further investigations are needed to determine their utility and to search for new and better haemostatic factors of acute coronary syndromes.

Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of mortality in highly developed societies. This occurs in spite of growing therapeutic opportunities. Atherosclerosis begins as a functional or/and structural damage of endothelium, which in turn causes its discontinuation and impairs humoral and secreting function. Haemostasis plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis and development of cardiac complications--acute coronary syndromes. Research still continues to determine precisely role of each of haemostasis disorders in increased risk of coronary artery disease and its complications. The aim of this paper is to review the literature data concerning haemostatic risk factors and their role of development of coronary artery disease. Fibrinogen, thrombocytes, factor VII, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor (vWF), thrombomodulin (TM), plasminogen activator inhibitor--type 1 (PAI-1), tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) and other haemostatic factors, were described as more or less helpful in estimation of risk of occurrence of coronary artery disease and its cardiovascular complications. Only some of the described hematologic factors were verified so far in large prospective studies, and were recognized as independent risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.

In cases of ectopic pregnancy a blood collected in a pouch of Douglas is a nonclotting one. It contains no fibrinogen, prothrombin, factor V and VII, plasminogen and monomers of fibrin, however concentration of D-dimers is very high. Is this solely an effect of independently occurring fibrinolysis or does coagulation accompany this process? The definite answer can not be given. Coagulation and fibrinolysis markers obtained at the same time from peripheral veins were normal.