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Hemodialysate or its three peptide fractions added to the culture of human bone stromal cells in vitro in concentration equal to 5 micrograms/ml of medium calculated against the protein content showed varying toxicity extent as expressed by shortening of cell survival time. Fraction III and hemodialysate showed the most toxic effect and shortened the cell survival time by three 24-hour periods in comparison to the control culture. Fraction III contained peptides having molecular weights in the range 1 to 5 kda that is was rich in compounds of the so-called middle molecular weights. Both hemodialysate and peptide fractions altered in the culture the participation of stromal cells reflected by diminishing the number of fibroblasts or adipocytes and an increase in the macrophage count. Above alterations speak in favor of concept that both hemodialysate and peptide fractions contain the macrophage proliferation stimulatory factor(s).