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In Poland there is no obligation of reporting and registration of the rotaviral infections in children. Therefore, data concerning number and incidence of rotaviral infections is unknown. Most of works devoted to rotaviral infections describes clinical course. In many works, Polish authors carry out the analysis of per cent participation of rotaviral infections in global number of children hospitalized due to diarrhea in Poland. The rotaviral part of diarrhea is 20%-80% of all diarrheas in Polish children. Mostly, rotaviral diarrheas take 40% to more than 50% of all diarrheas in children. Rotavirus is also accountable for rising of nosocomial infections. Summarizing, there is conclusion, that is necessary to implement the registration of rotaviral infections in Poland.

Rotaviral infections in children are the important problem occurring worldwide. Little children under 5 years of age with rotaviral diarrhea usually need stay in the hospital because of severe course: fever over 38 C, vomiting, diarrhea leading to dehydration and disturbances in electrolyte and acido-alkalic balance. These children are the source of the nosocomial rotaviral infection in the other children hospitalizing because of the other cause then diarrhea. Rotaviral nosocomial infections have 23.8%-43% of participation in the world and 4.5%-45.4% in Poland in all hospitalizing rotaviral infections. Transmission of infection inside the hospital ward happens by not-washing hands of the staff, mothers remaining with their children, disregarding hospital regime. Lack of the isolation of patients with diarrhea and prolonged stay in the hospital are also agents predestinating to nosocomial rotaviral infections. Elimination of these agents, implementation of supplementary diet with antibodies or Lactobacillus GG may limit account of nosocomial rotaviral infections but will not stop them. The only way of prevention of the rotaviral infections and nosocomial rotaviral infections is implementation of effective and save rotaviral vaccine, which will be suitable for infants and toddlers worldwide.

Paper concerns the question of infections by hepatitis B virus among health care workers. Authors have reported the improvement of epidemiological situation among employees of the Child Health Center in the years 1987-1994 and analysed factors which were the probably cause of improvement (protective vaccination, infection control, and education of workers). In the first year of observation, among ca. 1700 health care workers 32 new hepatitis B infections were noted, while in 1994 there were no hepatitis B cases.

Thirty-six daily food rations given as the basic diet to children in two paediatric hospitals in the City of Cracow were analysed. Using laboratory methods in these meals the contents were analysed of protein, fat and carbohydrates and the energy value was determined. Parallelly the theoretical values++ of these parameters were calculated using "Tables of Composition and Nutritional Value of Food Products". For the assessment of the differences between analytical and theoretical values the following were used: 1) deviations of the values obtained in analysis from the theoretical ones accepted as 100%, 2) indices of differences. The general characteristics of the results was determined by the arithmetical++ mean, standard deviation, variance coefficient and 95% confidence limits. The results shown in the study demonstrate that the lowest mean deviation from the theoretical values was found in the case of protein (1.1%) and energy value (12.5%) with the largest one for carbohydrates (38.9%).