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This article focuses on an analysis of the function of the second-person narrative in digital fictional games. It combines two research fields: game narratology and biopolitical philosophy. The article begins with a brief discussion of the assumed understanding of the second-person narrative and the second person address in the latest research by Astrid Ensslin and Alice Bell. Then, through selected examples of games, situations of using a second-person narrative are presented in two formulas: in the case of Disco Elysium crossing the horizon of otherness is explored, and in the case of The Stanley Parable and Control a hostile takeover is discussed. The theoretical framework for the discussed issues is a biopolitical reflection on the construction of a modern subject through the thought of Michel Foucault and the relationship of the individual to the community in the philosophy of Roberto Esposito. In the text, the latest research on the cooperative, enactive nature of the second-person narrative is referred to, and the game studies research on the biopolitics of avatars. Therefore, the narrative theory is combined with the issues of contemporary reflection on the limits of subjectivity in digital games. The thesis being put forward here is that the second-person narrative in the perspective of crossing the horizon of otherness makes it possible to negate the neoliberal patterns of subjectivity constructed in games, because it requires empathy, cooperation with another subject, recognition of the boundaries set by another. On the other hand, the perspective of hostile takeover reveals situations of abusing the subjectivity of another or a player, which results from the creation of a narrative situation indicating a lack of respect for personal boundaries. Therefore, the second-person narrative is interpreted here in digital games as one of the problems of contemporary reflection on the biopolitical dimension of subjectivity in games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comprises an analysis of the concept of "courage" as an ontological and ethical principle, constituting the chief category in the philosophical theology of Paul Tillich, called "the philosopher of borderlands," regarded as the most important thinker in the Protestant, liberal theology of the 20th century. In his philosophical theology or theological philosophy the notion of "courage to be" provides an essential point of reference in the context of spiritual development of the human individual, as well as revealing possibilities of giving sense to being, which appears itself to man as devoid of sense. In the first part, the concept of "courage to be" is itself subjected to analysis as the ontological and the ethical principle. According to Tillich, the existentially (ethically) oriented being constituted a step in the individual's life, which is already connected with conscious life and self-affirmation. The second part discusses Tillich's understanding of faith as the "to be or not to be' of human existence. The author of Dynamics of Faith says that the courage to be can be expressed either in individuation, that is, in the personal relationship and encounter with God, which represents the existentialist approach, or by means of participation in God's power. Tillich proclaims that only the virtue of courage can overcome the anxiety arising from lack of sense and from doubt, which is characteristic of human life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ethos (0860-8024) is the property of John Paul II Institute, Faculty of Philosophy, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals of Philosophy / Roczniki Filozoficzne is the property of John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Faculty of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article we have made a brief tour of the implications and the relevance of the activity of thinking about the philosophical-political theories of the Jewish-German philosopher Hannah Arendt. As well as highlight the importance of the teaching of philosophy and in particular the theories of this thinker, in order to prepare the student, citizen and reader, to carry out a critical thinking, individual and reflective, who knows perform both in private areas and in public spaces. In order to avoid repeating actions and mistakes of the past; making them understand the responsibility they have for the other, as well as the facts that may happen around them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]