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In 33 insulin-dependent, I and II type diabetic patients the authors evaluated the intraplatelet concentration of 12-hydroperoxyeicozatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE) and malonylodialdehyde (MDA) which are the products of lipoxygenase (LO) and cyclooxygenase (CO) metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) in blood platelets. Moreover, in all patients, determinations of cholesterol total lipids, phospholipids, triacylglycerols were performed as well as serum lipoproteinogram. The studies were done in diabetic ketoacidosis and 2 weeks after compensation of diabetes was attained. Sixty healthy persons, with no changes in the coagulation system, constituted the control group. In patients with diabetic ketoacidosis a higher intraplatelet concentration of 12-HPETE (7.2 +/- 4.0 nmol/10(9) platelets) was found as compared with the values observed in the control group (4.7 +/- 2.1 nmol MDA/10(9) platelets); p less than 0.01. Intraplatelet MDA concentration did not, however, show a statistically significant difference. When compensation of diabetes was obtained the mean intraplatelet 12-HPETE concentration fell to values close the normal ones (5.5 +/- 3.4 nmol MDA/10(9) platelets). Nevertheless, the results of comparative determinations of mean values of both 12-HPETE and MDA concentrations in ketoacidosis as well as in compensated diabetes did not show statistically significant difference. High intraplatelet 12-HPETE concentration in diabetic ketoacidosis may be a cause of the formation or intensification of atherosclerotic changes, typical of this group of patients. The studies did not prove any correlation between the intraplatelet concentration of AA metabolism products and blood glucose concentration and lipid metabolism products. Neither was there any correlation between 12-HPETE and MDA concentration and the duration of clinically symptomatic diabetes.