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The aim of this article is to present different view on the gonadectomy of female dogs, for decades considered as gold standard in prevention of gynaecological disorders and also mammary gland tumors. Recently however, this routine practice is increasingly perceived as controversial procedure. Ovariectomy will certainly remain routine surgery in small animals, but the optimal bitch age for spaying may be dependent upon several factors, like breed, body weight, expected lifespan and other breed-related conditions. The risk of developing mammary tumors increases, starting with the female age of 6 years. Ovariectomy or ovariohysterectomy carried out prophylactically in bitches is usually recommended before the first cycle. Investigations however, are necessary to estimate the real benefits and disadvantages of ovariectomy, especially if performed in very young females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]