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This article is devoted to the work of Abraham Goldfaden, taking into account in detail the origins of his work in Romania (making use of the Romanian press of the day) and in Russia. It is in those early days that Goldfaden’s dramatic and theatrical style had been forming and the majority of his classical plays, reflecting the life and problems of Jews living in this part of Europe, the encounter between tradition and modem society, had been written. The author of the article also cites various opinions of historians concerning Goldfaden’s role in the history of Yiddish theater. The article is supplemented in this issue by an example of Goldfaden’s writing: a summary of his Di kishef-makherin (The Witch), prepared by Chone Szhmeruk, as well as a translation of the couplets from this operetta, prepared by Dorota Kuberczyk and Tomasz Kuberczyk.