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Introduction and objective Background: Back pain is particularly common among many chronic pain ailments. This problem mainly affects office workers, due to the long working time daily in a sitting position. The aim of the study was to assess back pain in a group of office workers, as well as to establish the relationship between the intensity and frequency of pain depending on duration of employment and gender. Material and methods The study was conducted using an author constructed questionnaire, and included 120 respondents who met the criteria for inclusion. The NRS scale was used to assess pain intensity. Results In the studied group of office workers pain most frequently occurred in the lumbosacral spine (66.7%), while most rarely in the thoracic section (14.2%). Females and males almost equally often reported pain in all sections of the spine. More than a half of the respondents reported pain while sitting, females more often than males. Over 80% of respondents indicated that back pain has a negative impact on work performance. Less than 30% of the surveyed office workers did not apply the principles of work ergonomics. Conclusions 1. Spinal pain symptoms are most often located in the lumbosacral spine, regardless of gender. 2. The frequency and intensity of pain experienced by office workers does not depend on gender. 3. Work experience does not affect the intensity and frequency of occurrence of back pain in office workers. 4. Workshops, instructional videos, training for office workers on the practical application of the principles of work ergonomics should be introduced.

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Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that employees working with visual display units (VDU) are more likely to complain about musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aim of this study has been to evaluate associations among MSDs and individuals and work-related factors. Material and Methods: A total of 1032 VDU workers were assessed about their personal (i.e., age, working history, smoking history, physical activity) and work-related factors (i.e., predominant job tasks performed, work posture). Work environment was evaluated regarding fulfillment of the standard ISO 9241-5:1998. The investigation required a direct observation of participants (in order to accurately assess the prevalence of MSDs) and workstations. Adjusted odds ratios (ORa) were calculated by means of the logistic regression model. Results: Prevalence of MSDs was relatively high (53%). In general, MSDs were significantly associated with female sex (OR = 2.832, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.178–3.683), age ≥ 50 years old (OR = 2.231, 95% CI: 1.236–4.026), longer exposure to VDU, both as working history (10–14 years: OR = 1.934, 95% CI: 1.301–2.875; ≥ 15 years: OR = 2.223, 95% CI: 1.510–3.271) and working time (30–39 h/week: OR = 1.537, 95% CI: 1.087–2.273). Inappropriate workstation design was confirmed by the multivariate analysis as a risk factor for MSDs (ORa = 2.375, 95% CI: 1.124–5.018). Conclusions: Musculoskeletal disorders were significantly associated with individual factors as well as characteristics of work environment. An appropriate design of workstations may significantly reduce their prevalence amongst VDU workers. Med Pr 2016;67(6):707–719

Kowalczyk Anna, Kozłowska Ewelina. Motywy i ograniczenia aktywności fizycznej w grupie zawodowej pracowników biurowych = Motives and limitations of physical activity in the professional group of office workers. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(9):413-428. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI10.5281/zenodo.31014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.31014 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%289%29%3A413-428 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/626342 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 26.08.2015. Revised 05.09.2015. Accepted: 15.09.2015. Motywy i ograniczenia aktywności fizycznej w grupie zawodowej pracowników biurowych Motives and limitations of physical activity in the professional group of office workers Anna Kowalczyk1, Ewelina Kozłowska2 1. Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy Katedrze Onkologii i Środowiskowej Opieki Zdrowotnej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 2. Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Autor do korespondencji / Author for correspondence lic. Anna Kowalczyk e-mail: annakowalczyklublin@gmail.com Streszczenie Wprowadzenie i cel pracy. Praca ma na celu określenie czynników wspierających oraz ograniczających podejmowanie aktywności fizycznej w grupie zawodowej pracowników biurowych, w zależności od cech socjodemograficznych uczestników badania. Materiał i metoda. Grupę badaną stanowiło 937 pracowników zatrudnionych w biurach na terenie województwa lubelskiego. Zastosowaną w pracy metodą badawczą był sondaż diagnostyczny, zaś narzędziem badawczym autorski kwestionariusz ankiety składający się z 19 pytań. Analizę statystyczną przeprowadzono za pomocą programu Statistica 10.0. Wyniki. Mieszkańcy miast ponad półtora razy częściej od mieszkańców wsi skłonni są do podjęcia aktywności fizycznej w celu wyrzeźbienia sylwetki (OR=1,80; CI=1,05-3,06), na skutek odczuwanej przyjemności płynącej z aktywności fizycznej (OR=1,88; CI=1,22-2,90) oraz w wyniku przeświadczenia o prewencyjnym działaniu aktywności ruchowej na wiele schorzeń (OR=1,65; CI=1,02-2,67). Natomiast pojawienie się dziecka w rodzinie zwiększa ponad 2,6 razy prawdopodobieństwo, iż aktywność ta będzie utrudniona z powodu braku czasu (OR=2,64; CI=1,91-3,65). Matki i ojcowie rzadziej wskazują jednak na występowanie problemów zdrowotnych (OR=0,59; CI=0,36-0,96) oraz na brak mobilizacji, lenistwo (OR=0,61; CI=0,46-0,81) jako czynników ograniczających aktywność ruchową. Wnioski. Badani pracownicy biurowi podejmując aktywność fizyczną kierują się chęcią zrzucenia lub utrzymania prawidłowej masy ciała, potrzebą dbałości o zdrowie oraz możliwością odreagowania codziennego napięcia i stresu. Czynnikami najbardziej ograniczającymi aktywność fizyczną badanych pracowników są: brak czasu, uczucie zmęczenia oraz brak mobilizacji i lenistwo. Słowa kluczowe: pracownicy biurowi, aktywność fizyczna, rekreacja, motywy, ograniczenia. Summary Introduction and work aim. An aim of the work is to identify factors which support and limit physical activity in the professional group of office workers, depending on sociodemographic features of the study participants. Results. Residents of cities 1.5 times often than country dwellers are willing to undertake physical activity in order to shape their figures (OR = 1.80; CI = 1.05-3.06), as a result of pleasure from the physical activity (OR = 1.88; CI = 1.22-2.90), and as a result of conviction about preventive effect of the physical activity in many diseases (OR = 1.65; CI = 1.02-2.67). However, appearance of a child in the family increases more than 2.6 times probability that this activity will be hindered due to lack of time (OR = 2.64; CI = 1.91-3.65). Mothers and fathers more rarely point to health problems (OR = 0.59; CI = 0.36-0.96) and lack of mobilization, laziness (OR = 0.61; CI = 0.46-0.81) as limiting factors of the physical activity. Conclusions. Examined office workers undertaking the physical activity are guided by desire to lose or keep correct body weight, a need of health care and possibility to relax from daily tension and stress. Factors, which most limit the physical initiative of examined employees, are: lack of time, tiredness, lack of mobilization and laziness. Keywords: office workers, physical activity, recreation, motives, limitations.