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Abstract The aim of the study: The aim of the work was to determine the level of knowledge of the rural population on the subject of prevention and risk factors for hypertension. Material and method: The research covered a group of 200 people living in rural areas. The research was carried out from May to June 2017. A questionnaire of one's own authorship was used in the work, consisting of 19 closed one-choice questions. Results: The research shows that people living in rural areas have a high level of knowledge regarding the norms of normal blood pressure. 92% of the respondents correctly indicated the upper values of systolic pressure, and 98% of the respondents were able to determine the correct values of diastolic pressure. The knowledge of the subjects regarding dietary recommendations, physical activity and stimulants such as coffee and cigarettes was at low and medium Conclusions: : The low level of knowledge about risk factors and prophylaxis of hypertension was possessed by 48.5% of respondents, the remaining 51.5% of respondents had knowledge at the secondary level Key words: hypertension, risk factors, prophylaxis

Transfusion-related acute lung injury is defined as acute respiratory failure which develops during or within 6 hours after transfusion of a blood component in a patient with no risk factors for respiratory insufficiency. Transfusion-related acute lung injury is diagnosed based on clinical manifestation and by excluding other causes of acute lung injury. Unambiguous diagnosis is difficult. Looking for anti-HLA and/or anti-HNA antibodies in donors and sometimes in recipients plays an important role in lab tests. Negative antibody findings, either in a donor or in a recipient, do not exclude transfusion-related acute lung injury, which, however, does not exempt from performing leukocyte antibody tests since they are extremely important for transfusion-related acute lung injury prophylaxis. The ways to prevent this reaction include: disqualifying donors with anti-HLA/HNA antibodies, screening for antibodies in multiparous women and in individuals after transfusion, modifying the way blood components are prepared and limiting blood transfusion in clinical practice. The paper presents a case of a 38-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukaemia, hospitalised at the Department of Internal Diseases and Haematology of the Military Institute of Medicine for subsequent courses of chemotherapy. During treatment, the patient had red cells and platelets concentrates transfused several times with no transfusion-related reactions. Eight days after the last chemotherapy infusion, the patient developed high temperature and her platelet count was 14 × 103 /mL. Therefore, the patient received a platelet concentrate again. About 1 hour after transfusion, the patient complained about chest pain and dyspnoea. She needed oxygen therapy. Chest X-ray revealed lung oedema with no signs of left ventricular failure. Once other causes of acute lung injury were excluded, transfusion-related acute lung injury was diagnosed.

Malignant tumours are among the strongest risk factors for venous thromboembolism. The probability scores for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, which we use in our everyday practice, have not yet been validated in patients with cancer, which is why they should be used with caution. Prevention of thrombosis should always be implemented in patients undergoing surgery and most patients treated conservatively, which results from the application of appropriate probability scores assessing the risk of thrombosis in these patients. The prevention method should be adjusted individually depending on the characteristics of the patient and the existence of contraindications to the use of given methods, bearing in mind their availability, cost and ability to monitor the anticoagulant effect. Treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer is different from treating it in patients with no concomitant tumour. These differences relate to both the type of treatment (anticoagulant drug selection and dosage) and its duration. Low-molecular-weight heparin is the preferred form of both initial and long-term treatment, which should last at least 6 months. Both oncologists and other health care professionals working in cancer teams should make sure at each time that the patient has at least minimal knowledge about the symptoms ensuring early detection of thrombosis. Good communication with the patient considerably facilitates effective prevention and treatment.

Wstęp: Zapalenie błony śluzowej jamy ustnej (OM) postrzegane jest jako jedno z najcięższych powikłań chemioterapii wysokodawkowej (HSCT) z następowym przeszczepieniem macierzystych komórek krwiotworzenia. W profilaktyce i leczeniu OM stosowanych jest wiele substancji, jednak skuteczność jedynie nielicznych znalazła potwierdzenie w badaniach klinicznych. Ocenialiśmy skuteczność płukanek preparatu przesyconego fosforanu wapnia (Caphosol®) w profilaktyce OM. Materiał i metoda: W badaniu wzięło udział 31 dorosłych chorych poddanych HSCT wg schematu BEAM. Utych chorych wprofilaktyce i leczeniu stosowany był płyn do płukania ust Caphosol®. Analizie poddano: ciężkość OM, ocenianą w pięciostopniowej skali WHO, czas trwania OM, zapotrzebowanie na opioidowe leki przeciwbólowe, konieczność żywienia pozajelitowego. Trzydziestu pacjentów ukończyło badanie, jeden zmarł z powodu niewydolności wielonarządowej. Grupę kontrolną (historyczną) stanowiło 18 pacjentów z czasów, gdy Caphosol® nie był dostępny. Wyniki: W grupie badanej zaobserwowano znamienny statystycznie spadek ciężkości i skrócenie czasu trwania OM w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Obniżyło się również zapotrzebowanie na opiaty. Pacjenci nie wymagali żywienia pozajelitowego. Wnioski: Wydaje się, iż Caphosol® jest lekiem skutecznym w profilaktyce i leczeniu OM po HSCT. Konieczne jest przeprowadzenie dalszych badań.

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono ogólne zasady posługiwania się normą IEC61970. Artykuł podzielono na trzy części. W pierwszej opisano genezę powstania standardu, w drugiej jego strukturę i zależności. Na koniec zaprezentowano praktyczny przykład użycia wspomnianej normy w oparciu o wybrany model SEE. Dodatkowo, przedstawiono klasyfikację poszczególnych części standardu oraz omówiono ich znaczenie i zastosowanie.

Fibrocytes are bone-marrow derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. They express typical markers of leukocytes, hematopoietic stem cells and fibroblasts. They play a pivotal role in the tissue remodeling and fibrosis in both physiologic and pathologic settings. Fibrocytes are unique in that they are capable of differentiating into fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, as well as adipocytes. Circulating fibrocytes may play a role in pulmonary fibrosis and clinical outcomes. Recent data obtained from the clinical setting suggest that high numbers of circulating fibrocytes correlate with pulmonary function test parameters and disease activity in patients with different interstitial lung diseases. A greater understanding of the immunologic mediator that influence fibrocyte biology suggest new opportunities for therapeutic manipulation of these cells in fibrogenesis.

Acquired pure red cell aplasia is rare disorder of hematopoiesis. Because of the variety of reasons for PRCA optimal treatment is based on highly specialistic diagnostics. Both humoral and cellular mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of PRCA. Corticosteroids, cyclosporin A, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy are recommended in PRCA. Treatment failures may be successfully managed with antihuman thymocyte globulin, cyclophosphamide or azathioprine. We describe also the lots of five patients with this disorder.

A patient was observed who came with the following symptoms persisting for six months: paraesthesia in the lower and upper limbs, weakening of muscle strength, difficulties in walking. The high value of the mean cell volume in blood morphologic examination called attention to the possibility of vitamin B12 deficiency which had not yet manifested itself as anaemia. Further studies confirmed this suggestion. As the result of the treatment with vitamin B12 full normalization of the nervous system condition and results of examinations was achieved.