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Tersone syndrome was first described in 1900 as haemorrhages in the eye that occur as a consequence of intracranial hemorrhage. The main cause of the syndrome in adults is a subarachnoid hemorrhage following the rupture of intracranial aneurysm. The pathogenesis has not been fully understood. It is believed that the increase of intracranial pressure results in the hemodynamic changes in ocular vessels. Reported symptoms include decrease of visual acuity following generalized symptoms such as headache, loss of consciousness and meningealsigns. Physical examination usually reveals vitreous hemorrhage (classic Terson's syndrome) and other forms of intraocular hemorrhage. The authors reviewed the available literature on the Terson's Syndrome. Clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and available treatment options are presented and discussed, considering the rare occurrence of this disease.

Unlabelled: The paper presents the retrospective analysis of diabetic patients with vitreous hemorrhage due to proliferative retinopathy treated surgically with vitrectomy at the Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Gdansk in 2008-2010. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of tamponade and antiplatelet/anticoagulation treatment on the recurrence of vitreous hemorrhage., Material and Methods: the pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 68 diabetic patients (76 eyes) with vitreous hemorrhage secondary to proliferative retinopathy. Multiple pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 4 patients, both eyes were operated in 8 patients. The patients' age ranged from 27 to 87 years. The correlation between the duration of insulin therapy, degree of disease progression, antiplatelet/anticoagulation treatment, the time since the last vitrectomy, type of vitreous tamponade, and the recurrence of hemorrhages were evaluated. The follow-up was 12 months., Results: overall, 83 pars plana vitrectomy procedures were performed. Silicone oil was used in 42 procedures, and expandable gas in 9 cases. 32 eyes were left without any tamponade. During the follow-up the vitreous hemorrhage reoccurred in 10 cases -including 5 eyes left without the tamponade, 4 eyes with gas tamponade and 1 eye with silicone oil tamponade., Conclusions: pars plana vitrectomy with silicon oil tamponade ensures the effective hemostasis in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: Analysis of type and frequency of complications after brachytherapy 1125 between 1-12 months after treatment and during the following controls., Materials and Methods: 147 persons (76 men and 71 women) aged 23-86 years (mean 57 years), were treated in our clinic in 1998-2001. In 43% of the cases the thickness of the tumor was more than 8 mm and in 94% the maximum diameter was bigger than 8.1 mm. The irradiation dose was 80-120 Gy, mean 100 Gy., Results: Regression and stabilization of the tumor was achieved in 84.3% of all cases. Complications of different type and intensity associated with brachytherapy I125 were observed in majority of the cases. The complications observed were: radiation retinopathy (52%), radiation maculopathy (33.6%), radiation optic neuropathy (25.3%), vitreous hemorrhage (8.8%), glaucoma (20.5%) and cataract (18.5%)., Conclusions: 125I brachytherapy yields good results in cases of uveal melanoma, however it's associated with post radiation complications.

The syndrome of intra-vitreous bleeding in association with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) was first describe by French ophthalmologist Albert Terson in 1900. In last 10 years only a few cases were recorded. Early recognition of TS is of high importance, since diminution of visual acuity even to functional blindness, can hamper the rehabilitative process. The treatment methods are various, based on clinical manifestation. The surgical procedure of choice is the pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). The importance of being aware of the syndrome is very crucial, both in order to provide the adequate nursing care and to be able to perform early vitrectomy, to restore the visual function.

40 patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm were screened by an ophthalmologist for the presence of Terson syndrome (TS) and other forms of ocular haemorrhages. Terson syndrome was found in 10% of cases and 37.5% of cases presented other forms of ocular bleeding. The most significant neurological symptom leading to diagnose TS, was coma episode occurring in any moment of clinical observation.

The authors described general clinical signs and pathology in eye examination in three patients with Terson syndrome. From this group only one patient recovered. In this case the early eye fundus examination allowed doctors to make the proper diagnosis and led to neurosurgical intervention, just in time.

Aim of the Study: The authors present results of vitrectomy in the treatment of a 50 year old woman with Terson's Syndrome., Material: Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in two eyes of a 50 year old woman with vitreous hemorrhage caused by the rupture of cerebral arteries aneurysms. The vitreous hemorrhage occurred two days after the neurosurgery procedure. Visual acuity in both eyes was hand movement and did not change after pharmacotherapy and cryotherapy. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in the right eye 3, 5 months after the hemorrhage and in the left eye 5 months after the hemorrhage. Visual acuity 5/12 in the right eye and 5/7 in the left eye was achieved after the vitrectomy and 5/50 (the decrease caused by cataract) and 5/7 after 11 and 7 months of follow-up., Conclusion: Pars plana vitrectomy is a method of choice in the cases of binocular Terson's Syndrome and accelerates returning of useful visual acuity.

Aim of the Study: To present clinical manifestations of Terson's syndrome and the results of treatment of vitreous hemorrhages with the use of intravitreous injections of anti-Rh serum., Material: 8 patients with disc, retinal, vitreous hemorrhages and abducens paralysis which developed after subarachnoid hemorrhages. Intravitreous hemorrhages were observed in 4 of those patients., Results: Vitreous hemorrhages cleared spontaneously in two patients. In the remaining two ones with no tendency for blood resorption intravitreous injections of anti-Rh serum were performed. Vitreous hemorrhage cleared in all the patients after 5-6 weeks and visual acuity improved to 0.8., Conclusion: Intravitreous injections of anti-Rh serum can be the method of choice in the treatment of vitreous hemorrhages in Terson's syndrome with no tendency for spontaneous resorption and without proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

The authors presented their experiences concerning the treatment of 26 eyes (in 25 patients) with retinal detachment complicated by PVR in which pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade were applied. The patients have been previously operated with traditional methods however without success. Positive results, it is retinal attachment completely or in the superior and central part of the fundus with residual detachment inferiorly were achieved in 19 eyes (73%). An useful visual acuity (> 1/50) was achieved in 12 eyes and in 7 (27%) it was better than 5/50. Our results confirmed that this method (pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade) is a method of choice in complicated retinal detachment, in which traditional methods failed.

Presented are the results of vitrectomy in children operated in the Ophthalmological Department of Children Health Centre. The procedure was preformed in 110 eyes including 32 vitrectomies and 78 vitrectomies connected with lensectomy. Operated were eyes with chronical uveitis of various etiology, with posttraumatic changes, after vitreal haemorrhages in Eales' disease, in persistent vitreal artery cases. Improvement of the visual acuity was achieved in 68 cases (61.8 p.c.), deterioration was observed in 28 (25.5 p.c.); the visual acuity did not change in 14 cases (12.7 p.c.). Retinal detachment was the most frequent complication--38 cases (34.5 p.c.); from this number 10 cases (9 p.c.) improved after a repeated operation.

The authors discuss the typical signs and symptoms of congenital retinoschisis: splitting of the retinal layers in the macular and equatorial regions and vitreous changes. They describe the evolution of these changes and their complications.

The authors call attention to the existence of incomplete forms of retinoschisis and some forms with predominant macular changes which may erroneously be treated as Stargard's disease. A correct diagnosis is essential because of the necessity of a systematic control of the fundus periphery. Discussed are the possibilities of prevention and treatment of complications such as haemorrhages and retinal detachment.

The authors evaluated complications which appeared in 113 eyes in 66 patients treated for congenital glaucoma. The most frequent early complication connected with the surgical procedure was an anterior chamber haemorrhage (in 22 eyes). Individual cases exhibited intravitreal haemorrhage (5 eyes) and uveitis (2 eyes). Among the late complications prevailed complicated cataract (in 30 eyes), less frequently nystagmus (11 eyes), intraocular infection (9 eyes), squint (17 eyes) and internal hemophthalmos.

The authors present the results of treatment in 51 patients with vitreous haemorrhage in the course of diabetic retinopathy by application of a transconjunctival scleral cryoapplication. In the result of clinical observations it was concluded that this method was successful in the majority of the patients.