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The article introduces the concept of actively open-minded thinking to Polish literature on the subject matter as well as an attempt to translate the name into Polish in most adequate way. Actively open-minded thinking is a disposition typical for an individual or the strategy used to process information and make decisions. According to Baron it constitutes the base for rationality and critical thinking. It assumes a conscious and purposive looking for a diverse range of opinions and facts, despite individual preferences, in order to analyze the issue in an elaborate and unbiased way. The essence of such an analysis is to consider different perspectives in order to gain confidence that the selected option or inferences that were made are most adequate and reliable. The aim is to think reasonably and without biases. In addition to specifying what actively open-minded thinking is, the author compares this disposition with other features related to critical thinking present in the scientific discourse: reflexivity, the need for cognition, the need for cognitive closure, and a flexible mindset. In addition, the regulatory consequences of thinking in an open and flexible way, the sources of this disposition and methods of its measurement were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article presents the results of a study carried out in a group of 80 women in early adulthood and 72 women in later adulthood. The primary goals were to examine the relationships of need for cognition and two forms of cognitive processing of self-related information (reflective self-focus and integrative self-knowledge) to multiple dimensions of sense of identity, and to test for life stage differences in the magnitude of these relationships. Significant differences were observed in the reflective self-focus levels and strength of sense of identity between the two groups of women. The obtained results also indicated that -- regardless of the stage of life -- a tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive tasks as well as a tendency to integrate past, present, and desired future self-experience into a meaningful whole favored the maintenance of sense of identity. The effects of reflection turned out to be more complicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Education of Economists & Managers / Edukacja Ekonomistow i Menedzerow is the property of Warsaw School of Economics, Department of Human Capital Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)