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The Conservation Units National System was established, in Brazil, in 2000, and in spite of the many advances related to the creation of Protected Areas (PAs), it is still possible to verify that several PAs were not thought systemically, reducing nature protection. The present research had as objective to analyze, from the perception of different actors, the effectiveness of protection of the UCs of the state of Rio de Janeiro. To do so, an online questionnaire was prepared and sent to managers, researchers, technicians, and other actors who have connections with UCs in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The analysis of the results allowed concluding that the protection effectiveness of PAs is moderate, numerous problems such as land conflicts, lack of infrastructure, and resources are negatively affecting the effective protection of these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]