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The community is built from the integration and different exchanges between collectives. As a human form of groupment, it is defined by two central elements: politics and space. Thus, with modernity, the dependence from what is outside outweighs what is within, where the hegemonic actors manage to renew the social relations, the means of production and even the understanding about these spaces. Human sciences are also responsible in reproducing different views about the concept of community and its' applications. In Brazil, the political relations stand out on the conformation of communities. The authoritarianism of hegemonic classes imposed in the daily living and the discourse based on local relevance hide the conflicts lived within the communities and hinder internal and external political action of the populace. This paper discusses these questions from a theorical review of authors who work with the theme in order to explain a given local reality. It is stressed the necessity of a political and historical analysis about how the communities spatialize, their dynamics and transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with discourse based on two previous studies with newspaper texts that interpret not only the discourse process but also the political aspect concerning the linkage of language with history and ideology. Thus, it evaluates the theoretical-methodological principles and procedures of the French Discourse Analysis (DA), based on its use in the Social Sciences field, especially byPolitical Science. It shows that the connection between the social scientist and DA allows the awareness that it is not a field exclusive to Linguistics, but is formed by both Psychoanalysis and Marxism, with close relation to the Social Sciences. Guided by Althusser's analysis of Marx, it reviews concepts of ideology and subject as well as the relation that is established between them in the subjectivation process. The use of this methodology, which is also a theory, places the social scientist, during the process of understanding the studied object, up against theoretical-methodological challenges that may lead him/her to review this reflection based on his/her own education and disciplinary fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]