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The expansion of cities has brought economic and social changes, population growth, as well as ecological, environmental and climate problems. However, for large cities such as Rio de Janeiro, research about the increase in temperature is still scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify changes in air temperature in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Two climatological periods 1961-1983 and 1991-2017 were used for analysis. The monthly mean air temperature data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and application of the Student t test, adopting a statistical significance of 5%. The results showed an increase in extreme minimum and maximum temperatures with statistical significance between the monthly averages of the climatological periods for all months of the year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]