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Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Language & Culture is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Language & Culture is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents reflections on the process of tourism's territorialization in rural areas of Francisco Beltrão County, located in Paraná state, Brazil. The paper highlights the establishments that receives visitants and the creation of a tourist route called "Caminhos do Marrecas". Starting from a theorical approach about tourism territorialization´s process and of a rescue to the opening establishments´ trajectory and the conformation of rural tourism in Francisco Beltrão setting from the late 1990s, the text presents a current overview of the organization of this activity, which has been growing in the county and in Brazil. The territorialization of rural tourism in Francisco Beltrão starts with individual and isolated actions by the owners of establishments, followed by the performance of a technique of Paraná´s Institute of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (EMATER) who began to organize meetings with these owners until the institution of a Rural Tourism Route called "Caminhos do Marrecas". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarium: Education is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarium: Education is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Language & Culture is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Human & Social Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Human & Social Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarium: Education is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Language & Culture is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Language & Culture is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Human & Social Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Human & Social Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Human & Social Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Human & Social Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Human & Social Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Human & Social Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The death of god, which refers to the absence of god's value, weight, significance, and role from people's life experience, is among the most dominant themes of existential literature, especially that of Sartre. It is heavily investigated in his theoretical as well as creative works, such as Being and Nothingness (1969) and The Flies (1989) as it constitutes the cornerstone of his philosophical views of Existentialism, nihilism, freedom, and responsibility. It is hard to understand Sartre's The Flies (1989) and its philosophical background as well as theme(s) without considering the concept of the death of god and its involvement in the development of actions. Accordingly, this paper reads The Flies (1989) investigating Sartre's techniques of introducing and contending that god is dead and has nothing to do with people's life or prosperity. Considering the related literature and the different perspectives of Nietzsche and Hegel regarding Existentialism, the paper deciphers certain scenes and speeches delivered by several characters, such as Zeus, Orestes, and Electra, and it concludes that Sartre’s The Flies (1989) shows how the belief in the death of god may function as a productive force in humans' life and existence. Thus, the paper may help readers of Sartre better understand the existential mechanism of the death of god and comprehend why Sartre's Existentialism is to be viewed as an optimistic, rather than pessimistic, approach.

The paper proposes to show a study on the territorial dynamics caused by the arrival of a traveling business marketplace, in the district of Aprazível, in Sobral (CE). Such activity triggered a reorganization process of its territory, both physical with the construction of buildings, houses, roads, sewage systems, etc., and in the way of life of the local population. However, the changes occurred over decades, since the first marketplace, according to reports from the oldest residents of the district, date from the mid-1960s as will be described in the context below, although the most significant changes have occurred with the present-day clothing marketplace. For the development of this work, it is necessary to use procedures to support the data collection, such as conducting a bibliographic and documentary survey, observing through field activities, applying questionnaires, and conducting informal interviews. The flows generated by the marketplace in the district, over the past sixty years, show the dynamics existing among the various actors involved, for example, marketers, buyers, the Association and the residents of the district, given the recurrent transformations of the spatial relations favored in the face of such activity. Thus, the marketplace establishes several changes, which, it seems, will continue over the years, thanks to the contributions it offers for the economic and structural growth of the Aprazível district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights the necessary integration between the study of the landscape and the system of urban public open spaces for city planning and management. Its objective is to analyze and characterize the landscape of the neighborhood of Bairro Efapi - Chapecó-SC, showing the constitution of its public free spaces as an articulating element of the city. The methodological approach, carried out through field surveys and mapping by geoprocessing, is structured in the analysis of a macro planning units and their subdivisions into Landscape Units (UP). The results show that the characterization of the six Landscape Units showed that the ecological and cultural problems of land use and occupation are worsening, given the urban expansion of a housing nature, intensified by the implementation of large industrial and institutional structures. The public free spaces identified were the street, the green area and the square, which are insufficient to meet the needs of the local population, as well as constituting a system capable of mediating the impacts of urbanization. The urban requalification strategies are therefore focused on the articulation of public open spaces with ecological sensitive protection areas, such as APPs, Green Areas and private vegetated areas, through the landscape requalification of the road system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the theoretical and methodological perspective, in the present paper we intend to contribute with the debates pertinent to the History of the historiography of the brazilian Seventh Art. We problematize hermeneutically the book Classic historiography of Brazilian movie: methodology and pedagogy (1995) by the movie critic Jean-Claude Bernardet. We take into consideration the reflections of Michel de Certeau (2007) on the social, political, economic and cultural place of historians, especially one of its primordial elements, the "not said", as well the proposals of the German theorist Jörn Rüsen (2010) regarding the hermeneutic method applied in the production of historical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Caderno de Administração is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caderno de Administração is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caderno de Administração is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caderno de Administração is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caderno de Administração is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caderno de Administração is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the publication of the Portuguese translation of O Homem e a Terra: natureza da realidade geográfica, by French geographer Éric Dardel, in 2011, the book has had a rapid diffusion among the geographical community. The multiple philosophical influences that make up Dardelian geography is one of the most exciting issues opened for investigation. Although his work is recognized as of Heideggerian inspiration, we argue that his phenomenological-existential geography also suffered strong influences of Bachelard's phenomenology of imagination. Furthermore, weal so defend that the principle of "fighting forces", which characterizes the dynamism of Dardel's geographic reality, stems from fundamental notions of Friedrich W. Nietzsche's philosophy, via Bachelard. In the interpretative effort expressed in this work, the encounter between Dardel and Nietzsche has been established, indirectly, through the senses of earth and the will to power. The purpose of this paper is to pursue these clues and links, seeking to enrich the contemporary readings and openings offered by Dardelian geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Faria Neves Square located on the Dois Irmãos neighborhood at Recife city, is a historic garden, protected by the National Institute of the Artistic and Historic Patrimony in 2015, with five others designed by the landscape designer Roberto Burle Marx. It was created providing for leisure, such as contemplation and children's recreation, as a hall to Dois Irmãos State Park, an extensive green area where the zoo is located. However, because of the urban changes on the public spaces, new possibilities and demands have emerged as a challenge for public managers, mainly because they are historic heritage. Based on the concept of public space and on the principles of integrated conservation, this paper aims to identify the main recreation and leisure activities developed in that square, as well as to point out, in a preliminary way, some guidelines for a shared management of this urban historic garden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The civil war which began in South Sudan, at the end of 2013, has caused, for the first time in the history of the United Nations, a huge movement of internal displaced people inwards the compounds of the UNMISS, seeking for protection. Then, the Protection of Civilian Sites have been created. Along the incoming of thousands of people in a few weeks, there was a sharp growth in humanitarian and security demands. In order to deliver such protection, it was necessary the joint use of military, police and civilians from UNMISS, what is going to be presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guianas are an important field in the Caribbean migratory system, whereby goods, objects, currencies, and populations circulate for different reasons: geographical, cultural proximity, climatic, geopolitical and socioeconomic factors. From the 1960s and 1970s, Haitian migration increased in the Guianas. Five decades later, after the January 2010 earthquake, the migratory spaces were intensified in the region, Brazil became part of them as a country of residence and transit to reach French Guiana and Suriname. In 2013, the routes were altered. Some migrants started to use the Republic of Guyana to enter Brazil through the border with Roraima, in the Amazon, or to cross the border towards Suriname and French Guiana. This article is divided into two levels. First, it describes the way in which migrants' practices and trajectories intersect national borders in the Guianas. Then, it analyzes the migratory system, documents and papers, and the problems that the different Haitian migratory generations raise in space and time. The ethnographic research is based on the Triple Border Brazil, Colombia and Peru, but also in Suriname, French Guiana and Haiti. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses cross-border projects and their respective social representations to local groups. We present as a case study the boatmen who pilot their boats between Brazil and France on the construction of the Binational Bridge. Catraieiros are currently responsible for much of the logistics between Amapá and French Guiana. Our theoretical framework is based on the literature on Regional Integration and Social Representation. We applied interviews to one third of the catraieiros. We concluded that in the Subject-Representation-Object relationship, the group that understood itself as responsible for the dialogue between two cities built a negative and threatening representation on the Bridge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the narratives of the Christianization of Scandinavia in the early centuries of its mission, especially between 850-910. It is based on the historical writings by Adam of Bremen († after 1080). This paper deals with this problem by applying the principles of the Vorstellungsgeschichte, which incorporates the contributions of anthropology to historical analyses. In this sense, Adam's narrative is analysed mainly as a testimony of the author's world view, and the contents he includes in this narrative are understood as a platform for his ideas' expression. Particularly noteworthy are his strategies to deal with sensitive events in the diocese's past, especially those involving its founding archbishops. The way he deals with failures and setbacks and opposes to them the successes of missionary enterprise reflect mainly the problems faced by Hamburg-Bremen in the eleventh century. This retrospective view is potentially legitimating to Adam's contemporary problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the French Discourse Analysis (AD) and Michel Foucault's approach to the concepts of truth and power, this paper analyzed Aécio Neves's inauguration speech when he was reelected as president of the Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB), which took place in the 12th PSDB National Convention on July 5, 2015. The archeological, genealogical method in this study contributed to the description and interpretation of the speech. This corpus is relevant to understand the pathway built to Dilma Rousseff's impeachment because it materialized linguistic components that were disseminated by the hegemonic media, the justice, and social and technological players. Statements like 'fiscal pedaling, crisis, corruption', etc. served this purpose. Communication vehicles started to explore these elements daily and transform them into media sensationalism against Dilma and the Labor's Party (PT). Such statements were mentioned by ideological and political opponents of PT in the form of discursive and non-discursive practices, since these terms marked and/or demarcated the Brazilian population's daily lives, mainly inducing protests against the government on the streets or on social media. The keynote of Aécio's speech includes two opposing topics: he praised PSDB's management and negatively assessed Dilma's administration to defame and depreciate her. The analysis showed that Aécio gathered information to provoke Dilma's dismissal to replace her government for an ideologically different one. The term 'democracy' appears contradictorily in the speech: on one hand, Aécio reaffirms he fights for democracy, that is why he defends it; on the other hand, he actually uses it to later (corrupt)disrupt it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present a panoramic study of the poetic production of Salgado Maranhão, a poet from Maranhão who won awards of relevance in the country, among which stand out the Jabuti, in 1999, with Mural de ventos, and the Academy Poetry Prize Brazilian of Letters, in 2011, with A cor da palavra. In addition, it has poems translated into English, Italian, French, German, Swedish, Hebrew and Esperanto. It was challenged to identify, from a bibliographical survey and analysis of poems, the profile of the poet: what he represents, what places and interlacts of his poetic speech and how he is aesthetically manifested, using, for that, from the place of enunciation of his lyric work, particularly ethnic and social consciousness, to formal and theoretical approaches with a formal and metaphorical design of modern lyric, as pointed out by Hugo Friedrich (1978), reaching also other themes such as Neopaganist sensuality and eroticism which explores the literary consciousness of the Apollonian and the Dionysian, as recorded in Nietzsche (2007) and Valente (2009). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language dictionaries are important works for the lexicon record and their entir e repertoire of entries and definitions is constructed through criteria and systematizations. In the school context, these works have been gaining ground as the concern with the teaching of the lexicon increases. The growing concern about the teaching of words and their meanings in specific contexts, in order to avoid decontextualized activities, lists of words and sentences, reflected in the awareness of the important role of dictionaries for teaching and learning. In this paper, we try to highlight some problems entries definitions of four of the nine dictionaries evaluated by PNLD - Dictionaries (Brasil, 2012), having as theoretical principles Lexicography and, more specifically, Pedagogical Lexicography. For comparison, we present some words defined in the journal materials Mundo Estranho (ME), specifically the 'Perguntas e Respostas' (Questions and Answers) section, which begin with 'What', that fit better with the definitory characteristic of the responses. We hope with this show how science magazines that circulate between individuals of school age may contribute to the formulation of the language settings of the entries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia, Cuidado e Saude is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

VoTec (Vocabulário Técnico Online) is a web environment for terminographic management created by Fromm (2007) with the aim of training undergraduate and graduate students for terminographic and translation practices. Since 2007, it has been used in several research and projects aimed at researchers training and monolingual and bilingual reference works production. This paper aims to present an overview of the projects and research carried out through VoTec between 2007 and 2023, as well as of the updates made on its database and query page. To do so, we describe its initial version (Fromm, 2007), the Terminology in Fiction (Fromm, 2011a) and the Linguistics Vocabulary (Fromm & Yamamoto, 2013) projects, as well as the following terminographic works/proposals: Vocabulary of Historical Linguistics (Yamamoto, 2015), Vocabulary of Business and Events Tourism (Carvalho, 2015), Vocabulary of Theology (Cardoso, 2017), Bilingual Vocabulary of Linguistics (Yamamoto, 2020), Vocabulary of Digital Marketing (Mateus, 2022) and Vocabulary of Angiology and Vascular Surgery (Santos, 2023). This panorama highlights: (i) VoTec's productivity for research and projects in the scope of Terminology, Translation, monolingual, bilingual and multilingual Terminography and Pedagogical Terminography; (ii) its continuous updates allow VoTec to follow latest trends and technologies on online reference works, becoming increasingly robust and multimodal, as well as to approach the needs of current users of online reference works; (iii) due to the possibilities of customizing fields and functionalities, VoTec easily adapts to different types of research and is capable of generating terminographic products with different purposes and target audiences.

Foregrounded on the fact that identity is not 'given at birth' (HALL, 2006) but built day by day and continuously (BAUMAN, 2005), current paper argues that it is not correct to bind indigenous identity only to the indigenes' knowledge or to use of indigenous languages or to cultural marks. The discourses examined in current paper indicate that identities are hybrid and crossbred and consequently indigenous identity may also be conveyed in Portuguese. Data and analyses from an ethnographic research (LÜDKE; ANDRÉ, 1986), based on a Master's dissertation, between 2011 and 2012, in the indigenous community of Pinhalzinho and Tomazina, Paraná State, Brazil, are forwarded. Results show that attitudes and representations that Guarany populations present on language, culture and indigenous identity are influenced by ideas that non-indigenous people have selected as defining criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Language & Culture is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Language & Culture is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Language & Culture is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Language & Culture is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Current paper analyzes the southern frontier of the state of Pará and the northern territory of the state of Maranhão, Brazil, close to the river Turiaçu and assesses its importance for the displacement of people and goods during Portuguese colonial rule and in the post-1822 Independence years. The paper investigates the strategic and political relevance of the frontier for travel and transport, correspondence and transport of goods within the context of the Brazilian Indigenes, merchants and the Portuguese and Brazilian governments. The conflicts between inhabitants and settlers are highlighted in the essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current paper is a section of a larger research work to analyze the constructed dialogues among teachers in/about continuous virtual formation. Indigenous teachers from the Terena ethnicity and professors/students researchers belonging to a private University in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, make up the participating research group. Continuous education started some two years ago in the classroom and on the web. Exchanges made on the social network Facebook are focused in current paper. It should be underscored that dialogues are not always characterized by agreements and consensus, but by differences, resistance, reflections, constructions and deconstructions. They are the wealth of an intercultural group since chaos and disequilibrium may be understood as a critical perspective of the (re)constructing of other possibilities of knowledge. Data show the necessity for researchers to listening more, to being influenced by surrounding factors whilst, at the same time, others are affected. Besides, the importance of understanding established meanings with regard to continuous education as provisional and unfinished, in permanent movement, should be foregrounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarium: Education is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarium: Education is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Language & Culture is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Language & Culture is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)