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The main goal of this paper is to present the results of a case study for evaluation of the readiness for opening data con-ducted in a Brazilian public financial institution. The metho-dology used in this study is from the World Bank, called Open Data Readiness Assessment (ODRA), with some adaptations proposed in order to adapt it to characteristics of Brazilian Federal Public Administration institutions. The study demonstrated a high level of readiness of the institution to Open DATA (OD). Despite this, pointed out gaps to be ful-filled about a clearer positioning of leadership, the establish-ment of an organizational culture in OD an Open Government, a greater involvement of the institution with the community and public interest in a active way, the expansion of discussions with the managers of consigned information that more data can be made available directly by the institution and the expansion of the availability of data, following patterns of OD. Moreover the case study, this paper contributes to the current scenario of open government data as a whole by showing the importance that assessment of readiness have in the opening process of public institutions and to provide means for institutions and organizations of Brazilian public administration to carry out their own assessments.

The paper attempts to survey the manuscript treasures of Sri Pratap Singh (SPS) library deciphering the cultural and heritage wealth of Jammu & Kashmir state in oriental languages. It provides a general introduction and present condition of these rare collections. The paper is useful for researchers related to oriental disciplines, students of Library and Information Science, library professionals and all those who have interest in rare and valuable manuscripts available in Kashmir.

The audiovisual documents artificially generated/modifiers, named deep-fakes, can be used by disinformation propagation and, in the opposite direction, have researches for your detection. In order to propose a deep-fake detection domain mapping, this study propose the bibliographic analysis (terms/concepts selection) in the Knowledge Organization, Terminology, and Information Architecture interdisciplinarity as a way. The objectives are: realize terminological mapping on deep-fake detection domain and verifier possible theoretical relationship between interdisciplinary basis selected. The inductive method it went selected by bibliographic survey and domain mapping from exploratory-descriptive research of applied qualitative approach to bibliographies recovered. The theoretical basis was analyzed in a qualitative, reflexive, and critical perspective. The bibliographic survey occurred in Web of Science, Scopus (Elsevier), and Association for Computing Machinery repositories. The theoretical-epistemological cut demonstrated application possibilities in web-domains. It went identifiers 22 papers with context and propositions of deep-fake detection and others detection techniques of artificial manipulation/generation of audiovisual documents resulting in list with 78 candidate’s terms. In conclusion, believe that are necessity of new studies in the domain because the results indicate to a largest domain than exclusively deep-fake techniques with Generative Adversarial Networks use. Os documentos audiovisuais gerados/modificados artificialmente, denominados deepfakes, podem ser usados para propagar desinformação e, em sentido contrário, existem pesquisas voltadas para sua detecção. A fim de promover um mapeamento do domínio para detecção de deepfakes, coloca-se como uma possibilidade a análise de bibliografia (seleção de termos/conceitos) na interdisciplinaridade Organização do Conhecimento, Terminologia e Arquitetura da Informação. Os objetivos são: realizar mapeamento terminológico do domínio da detecção de deepfakes e verificar possibilidades de relação teórica do aporte interdisciplinar selecionado. O método indutivo foi selecionado para levantamento bibliográfico e mapeamento do domínio a partir de uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva de abordagem qualitativa aplicada à bibliografia recuperada. O aporte teórico foi analisado sob uma perspectiva qualitativa, reflexiva e crítica. O levantamento bibliográfico se deu nas bases Web of Science, Scopus (Elsevier) e Association for Computing Machinery. O recorte teórico-epistemológico demonstrou possibilidades de aplicação em domínios-web. Foram identificadas 22 publicações em artigos de periódicos, expondo contexto e propostas de detecção de deep-fakes e outras técnicas de detecção de manipulação/geração artificial de documentos audiovisuais resultando em lista com 78 termos candidatos. Conclui-se que há necessidade de novos estudos na área pois os resultados apontaram para um domínio mais amplo do que apenas uso de técnicas deepfake com uso de GAN (Generative Adversarial Networks).

This study aims to map and characterize through knowledge routes how is the evolution of scientific knowledge about coronavirus based on studies developed by researchers affiliated with research institutions in Brazil. The database was built from paper published in the Web of Science until 2021. A citation network was built and, through the SPLC algorithm, the knowledge routes were obtained. The results show the high concentration of publications after 2020, demonstrating the concern and commitment of researchers linked to Brazil in investigations on Covid-19 theme. The results also indicate that the priority areas are the medical area followed by social measures to contain the virus spread. It also pointed out two routes of knowledge with different characteristics, reinforcing the scope of knowledge related to the topic. Thus, this study contributes to the literature by presenting the evolution of scientific knowledge, reinforcing the quality and production capacity of researchers affiliated to Brazilian institutions. It also contributes by presenting the most researched topics and pointing out the profiles of the researchers. Finally, this study complements the current literature by ratifying the use of network analysis as a tool for the representation and investigation of knowledge, in addition to mapping and in-depth analysis of the evolution of knowledge. Este artigo tem o objetivo de mapear e caracterizar por meio de rotas de conhecimento como se dá a evolução do conhecimento científico sobre coronavírus a partir de estudos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores afiliados a instituições de pesquisa do Brasil. A base de dados foi construída a partir de artigos publicados na Web of Science até 2021. Foi construída uma rede de citações e, por meio do algoritmo SPLC, obteve-se as rotas de conhecimento. Os resultados mostram a alta concentração de publicações após 2020, demonstrando a preocupação e empenho de pesquisadores vinculados ao Brasil nas investigações deste tema. Os resultados também apontam que as áreas prioritárias são a médica seguida por aspectos referentes medidas sociais para conter a disseminação do vírus. Também apontou duas rotas de conhecimento com características diversificadas, reforçando a abrangência dos conhecimentos relacionados ao tema. Assim, este estudo contribui com a literatura ao apresentar a evolução do conhecimento científico, reforçando a qualidade e capacidade de produção de pesquisadores filiados a instituições brasileiras. Contribui ainda ao apresentar os temas mais pesquisados e apontar os perfis dos pesquisadores. Por fim, este estudo complementa a literatura vigente ao ratificar o uso de análise de rede como instrumento para representação e investigação do conhecimento, além do mapeamento e análise profunda sobre a evolução do conhecimento.

Epistemology is the study of the possibility and nature of human knowledge and, as agencies that are concerned with the records of that knowledge; now in both electronic and paper media it seems reasonable to explore the epistemology of library and information work and education for the information occupations. It is clear that, whatever our understanding of the way in which knowledge is created among humans, the records of that knowledge have some 'real' existence - knowledge, that is, what is in the intellectual apparatus of the individual (or 'between two ears' as Drucker puts it) may be socially constructed, but what can be recorded of that knowledge, that is, what we otherwise call 'information', takes a 'real' form. The 'real' form may be difficult to see, as in the case of the symbols cut by a laser on a CD-ROM, or the bits recorded on a hard disc, but they are there. This paper will consider the consequences of a realist epistemology for library and archival science and for education in these fields. Epistemologia é o estudo da possibilidade e natureza do conhecimento humano e, como agências que se ocupam dos registros desse conhecimento, agora em meios eletrônicos e impressos, parece razoável explorar a epistemologia do trabalho e do ensino em Informação e em Biblioteconomia para as profissões da informação. É claro que qualquer que seja nossa compreensão sobre o modo com que o conhecimento é construído nos seres humanos, os registros desse conhecimento têm alguma existência “real”. Conhecimento, isto é, aquilo que está no aparato intelectual do indivíduo (ou “entre duas orelhas”, como Drucker menciona), pode ser socialmente construído, mas o que pode ser registrado desse conhecimento, isto é, aquilo que de outro modo chamamos de “informação”, toma uma forma “real”. A forma “real” pode ser difícil de ser vista, como no caso dos símbolos cortados a laser em um CD-ROM, ou os bits gravados em um disco rígido, mas ali estão. Este trabalho considerará as conseqüências de uma epistemologia realista para a Biblioteconomia e Arquivologia e para o ensino nesses campos.

UIDB/03213/2020 UIDP/03213/2020 Apesar de o humor estar pouco presente nas salas de aula, existem vários estudos que confirmam os seus benefícios nas esferas pública e privada, demonstrando que este é um importante recurso facilitador da aprendizagem (Pina 2014). Considerando a dificuldade de domínio do humor em língua estrangeira, neste artigo discutem-se estratégias concebidas para dotar de autonomia os estudantes universitários do nível avançado (C1) de português língua estrangeira na compreensão do humor, mediante a exposição a uma diversidade de textos orais e escritos com forte componente multimodal. O trabalho efetuado em contexto multicultural permitiu, não apenas a apropriação de elementos das culturas portuguesa e lusófona, mas também o contacto com diferentes registos (formais e informais) e variedades linguísticas (português europeu e brasileiro), possibilitando o acesso a “um grau considerável de calão e expressões idiomáticas” (QECR 2001, p. 110) e o desenvolvimento da consciência crítica dos aprendentes. Although humor is rarely present in classrooms, there are several studies that confirm its benefits in the public and private spheres, demonstrating that this is an important resource that facilitates learning (Pina 2014). Considering the difficulty of mastering humor in a foreign language, this paper addresses strategies designed to provide university students at the advanced level (C1) of Portuguese as a foreign language with autonomy in understanding humor, through exposure to a variety of oral and written texts with a strong multimodal component. The work carried out in a multicultural context allowed not only the appropriation of elements of the Portuguese and Lusophone cultures but also contact with different registers (formal and informal) and linguistic varieties (European and Brazilian Portuguese), enabling access to “a considerable degree of slang and idiomatic usage” (CEFR 2001, p. 122) and the development of the critical awareness of learners. publishersversion published

This paper proposes an interdisciplinary strategy for teaching Cell Biology in high school through using artistic expressions and active methodologies. For this, to receive classes on the content of Cell Biology were selected control and experimental groups of 1st-year high school students from the public high school system of the Distrito Federal. In the control class, the content approach was made in an expositive way, with the organization of the students in seminars. This was a way that they already used in the school context of Biology classes. In the experimental group, there was the work with projects using artistic expressions and the development of educational products as a result of their learning about the themes related to Cell Biology. The art production included parodies, scale models, comics, drawings, and theater. An evaluation test applied to both groups revealed promising and statistically significant results for the student's learning from the experimental class concerning the control class. Furthermore, a questionnaire answered by them allows us to verify that the artistic expressions use motivated and awakened interest and involved and united all the students around the production. Este trabajo propone una estrategia interdisciplinar para la enseñanza de la Biología Celular en la escuela secundaria a partir del uso de expresiones artísticas y metodologías activas. Para ello, se seleccionaron clases de control y experimentales de alumnos de 1º de la escuela secundaria del sistema público del Distrito Federal para recibir clases sobre el contenido de Biología Celular. En la clase de control, el contenido se abordó de forma expositiva y con la organización de los alumnos en seminarios, de la forma a la que ya estaban acostumbrados en el contexto escolar de las clases de Biología. En la clase experimental, se trabajó con proyectos grupales con el uso de expresiones artísticas y desarrollo de productos educativos como resultado de su aprendizaje de temas relacionados con la Biología Celular. La producción artística incluía parodias, maquetas, cómics y dibujos. Una prueba de evaluación aplicada a ambos grupos reveló resultados prometedores y estadísticamente significativos para el aprendizaje de los alumnos de la clase experimental en relación con la clase de control. Además, un cuestionario contestado por ellos nos permitió comprobar que el uso de expresiones artísticas motivaba y despertaba interés, además de implicar y unir a todos los alumnos en torno a la producción. Neste artigo propõe-se uma estratégia interdisciplinar para o ensino de Biologia Celular no ensino médio a partir do uso de expressões artísticas e das metodologias ativas. Para isso, turmas controle e experimental de alunos do 1° ano do Ensino Médio da rede pública do Distrito Federal foram selecionadas para receber aulas do conteúdo de Biologia Celular. Na turma controle, o conteúdo foi abordado de maneira expositiva e com a organização dos alunos em seminários – da maneira como já estavam acostumados cotidianamente no contexto escolar das aulas de Biologia. Na turma experimental, houve o trabalho com projetos em grupos com o uso de expressões artísticas e desenvolvimento de produtos educacionais como fruto de suas aprendizagens dos temas relacionados à Biologia Celular. A produção artística incluiu paródias, maquetes, histórias em quadrinhos e desenhos. Um teste avaliativo aplicado em ambos os grupos revelou resultados promissores e estatisticamente significativos para o aprendizado dos alunos da turma experimental em relação à turma controle. Ainda, um questionário respondido por eles permitiu verificar que o uso das expressões artísticas motivou e despertou o interesse, além de envolver e unir todos os alunos em torno da produção.

Neste artigo, buscamos tecer considerações a respeito do uso da improvisação como parte de um protocolo de ações para a pesquisa artística que vem sendo desenvolvido pelo Coletivo Medula de Experimentos Sonoros, sediado na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil. Procedemos então à uma reflexão sobre os diferentes usos e sentidos da improvisação nos trabalhos desenvolvidos ao longo desta trajetória, para logo nos debruçarmos sobre a análise de uma série especifica de sessões realizada pelo grupo. Assim, estas sessões são vistas como aqui como práticas que integram processos criativos continuados, e a análise realizada busca compreender a materialidade do resultado sonoro gerado especificamente noque focamos para este trabalho. In this paper, we aim to make considerations about the use of improvisation as part of an action protocol for the artistic research that has been developed by the Medula Collective of Sound Experiments, based at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. We then proceed to a reflection on the different uses and meanings of improvisation in the works developed along this trajectory, and finally focus on the analysis of a specific series of sessions carried out by the group. Thus, these sessions are seen here as practices that integrate continuous creative processes, and the analysis proceeded seeks to understand the materiality of the sound result generated specifically in what we focus for this work.

EnglishScientific collaboration is becoming a response to the science professionalization. In this scenario, collaboration in science is a strategy adopted by researchers, involving a social activity that has the goal of facilitating and optimizing the research development, especially those of an empirical and / or experimental nature. It happens from the collective intellectual work of researchers, institutions or countries, formed by a system or network of collaborators, which when joining efforts, tends to identify similarities and to draw differences to produce new ideas. In this context, given the importance of scientific collaboration for contemporary science, this paper aims to examine theoretical and conceptual aspects inherent to this relational bibliometric method, aiming to contribute to the Brazilian studies of discussion and deepening this topic understanding. It presents the concept of scientific collaboration, the types of collaboration observed in scientific activity, and their motivations. Also, it is reflected on the relationship between the concept of scientific collaboration and co-authorship and the theoretical-methodological elements involved in the construction of co-authorship networks in science. portuguesA colaboracao cientifica vem se configurando como uma resposta a profissionalizacao da ciencia. Nesse cenario, a colaboracao na ciencia e uma estrategia adotada por pesquisadores, envolvendo uma atividade social que tem como meta viabilizar, facilitar e potencializar o desenvolvimento de pesquisas, principalmente aquelas de natureza empirica e/ou experimental. Acontece a partir do trabalho intelectual coletivo de pesquisadores, instituicoes ou paises, formado por um sistema ou rede de colaboradores, que ao unir esforcos tende a identificar semelhancas e tracar diferencas para produzir novas ideias. Nesse contexto, dada a importância da colaboracao cientifica para a ciencia contemporânea, este artigo tem por objetivo examinar aspectos teoricos e conceituais inerentes a esse metodo bibliometrico relacional, visando contribuir com os estudos brasileiros de discussao e aprofundamento da compreensao dessa tematica. Apresentam-se o conceito de colaboracao cientifica, os tipos de atividades colaborativas observados na atividade cientifica, suas motivacoes. Ainda, reflete-se sobre a relacao entre o conceito de colaboracao cientifica e de coautoria e os elementos teorico metodologicos envolvidos na construcao das redes de coautoria na ciencia.

Este artigo centra-se na abordagem do relato de discurso enquanto estratégia de desenvolvimento da competência oral de aprendentes de Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE), tendo por base o trabalho desenvolvido no estágio pedagógico numa turma de nível de avançado, no âmbito do Mestrado em Português Língua Segunda/Língua Estrangeira da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto. O ensino-aprendizagem do relato de discurso oral espontâneo, proveniente, maioritariamente, das interações quotidianas, prevê uma análise que vai para além do plano linguístico e discursivo, o que torna essencial descodificar aspetos para-linguísticos e extralinguísticos que envolvem igualmente competências sociolinguísticas e pragmáticas. Partindo da descrição deste fenómeno linguístico-discursivo, apresentamos o projeto desenvolvido, pormenorizando algumas propostas de operacionalização didática do relato de discurso a partir de documentos autênticos, com base numa abordagem metodológica comunicativa. Os resultados da implementação do plano de intervenção pedagógico-didática realizado mostram que este tipo de abordagem é eficaz no desenvolvimento da competência oral dos aprendentes. This paper focuses on the usefulness of reported speech as a strategy to develop the oral competence of learners of Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PLE). It describes an action research work done with a C level class of PLE into the Master of Portuguese as Second Language/Foreigner Language of the Faculty of Arts - University of Porto. The teaching and learning process of spontaneous oral speech report mostly collected from daily interactions revealed that it is essential to decode paralinguistic and extralinguistic aspects that go far beyond the linguistic-discursive level. Apart from the study of the language, the study showed that is essential to know and understand the cultural aspects involving the speech production as a whole. We start by describing that linguistic-discursive phenomenon and by presenting the action research project, detailing some reported speech didactic proposals based on authentic documents, designed using a methodological communicative approach. The results show that the implementation of this type of approach is effective in developing learners' oral competence.

This paper focusses on the study of the underdrawings of 16th century easel paintings attributed to the workshop of the Portuguese-Flemish Master Frei Carlos. This investigation encompasses multidisciplinary research that relates the results of surface exams (infrared reflectography, standard light photography and infrared photography) with analytical investigations. The surface analysis of Frei Carlos' underdrawings by infrared reflectography has shown heterogeneous work, revealing two different situations: (1) an abundant and expressive underdrawing, revealing a Flemish influence and (2) a simple and outlined underdrawing. This preliminary research raised an important question related to this Portuguese-Flemish workshop and to the analytical approach: Is the underdrawing's heterogeneity, as observed in the reflectograms, related to different artists or is this rather an effect that is produced due to the use of different materials in the underdrawing's execution? Consequently, if different materials were used, how can we have access to the hidden underdrawings? In order to understand the reasons for this dissemblance, chemical analysis of micro-samples collected in underdrawing areas and representing both situations were carried out by optical microscopy, micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) and micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-Raman). Taking into account the different possibilities and practical and theoretical limitations of surface and punctual examinations in the study of easel painting underdrawings, the methodology of research was adjusted, sometimes resulting in a re-analysis of experimental results. This research shows the importance of combining multispectral surface exams and chemical analysis in the understanding of the artistic creative processes of 16th century easel paintings.

The present paper deals with a revision of Chonetacea and Productacea from the Middle Pennsylvanian Itaituba series, Amazonian region (Northern Brazil) . Our knowledge on the widespread Itaituba series is still at its beginning. This formation is mostly flat lying, with a very gentle dip toward the axis of the Amazonian basin * Its thickness reaches 1.500 m (Nova Olinda I w ell) and its lithology is constituted mostly by non-clastic sediments (evaporites and limestones) . In the sketch of figure 1 all the known fossiliferous occurrences of this series are indicated except one located at Capanaua river, Acre Territory The Itaituba series shows a rather rich fauna including brachiopods, corals, bryozoan, crinoids, echinoderms, trilobites, foraminifers, etc. Brachiopods are the most abundant and thus far the best known. They come from different lithology, but the best specimens are obtained from limestones, in which they are ordinarilly silicified. Caster (1954) and Mendes (1956a and 1958) give an account of the general background. The present revision of Chonetacea and Productacea is based in collections organized by the writer in the Tapajos valley, the type section of the Itaituba series and deposited at the Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras da Universidade de Sao Paulo, and on collections of the Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia (Departamento Nacional da Produ¬ cao Mineral, Rio de Janeiro) and the Museu Nacional (R io de Janeiro) . In the first section of this paper, paleoecology, fossilization, age, correlation, etc., are discussed. The second section deals with descriptive sistematics The lists of the described fossils is the following: Lissochonetes amazonicus (D erby) Buxtonioides Mendes, gen. nov. B. amazonicus (K atzer). Brasilioproductus Mendes, gen. nov. B. chandlessi (D erb y). B. chrordci Mendes, sp. n. Linoproductus derbyi Mendes, sp. n. Duartea Mendes, gen. nov. D. batesiana (D erb y). Avonia rhomeana (Derby) Marginifera oddonei Mendes, sp. n. Kozlowskia petrii Mendes, sp. n. Echinoconchus katzeri Mendes, sp. n. Juresania amazonensis Mendes, sp. n. Krotovia wallaciana (D erby) . Heteralosia cornelliana (D erby) The above species have not been identified in our collections: Productus clarkianus Derby (1 8 7 4 ). Productus nebrascensis Owen (Derby, 1894) Productus punctatus Martin? (Derby, 1894) P. (Echinoconchus) nevadensis Meek (Reed, 1933). Productus (Avonia) derbyi Reed (1933) (actualy Krotovia). Three new genera of Dictyoclostidae are here proposed: Buxtonioides, Brasilioproductus and Duartea. Buxtonioides Mendes, n. g. Plate 3, figs. la-b and 2; pi. 2, figs. la-b. Textfigs. 10, 11, 13 and 14. Diagnosis. — Like Buxtonia in size, shape and ornamentation. Cardinal process trilobated, presenting an oval depression in the anterior portion of the reverse face. Septum undivided. Generotype. — Productus amazonicus Katzer, 1903. Buxtonioides, as suggested by the proposed name, is rather similar to Buxtonia Thomas, from which it is distinguished only by the internal features: morphology of the cardinal process and undivided septum. Brasilioproductus Mendes, n. g. Plate 1, figs. la-b, 2a-c, 3, 4 and 5; pi. 7, figs. la-c, 2a-b and 3. Textfigs. 15, 16 and 17 Diagnosis. — Shell of medium size, like Dictyoclosfius in shape. Geniculated. Umbo reticulated; costae present at least in the neanic phase. Sinus more or less pronounced. Ventral valve bearing single oblique set of spines, from the beak until the center of the ears. Dorsal valve bearing also two linear set of spines in the cardinal region. Scattered spines on both valves. Generotype. — Productus chandlessi Derby, 1874. From the same geological series is described also Brasilioproductus chronici Mendes, n. sp. Brasilioproductus is distinguishable from Dictyoclostus MuirWood mainly by the presence of cardinal rows of spines on the dorsal valve besides scattered spines on the same valve. Duartea Mendes, n. g. Plate 2, figs. 2a-d, 3a-c, 4 and 5. Textfig. 22. Diagnosis. — Plano-convex to concavo-convex shell. More or less pronounced umbonal flatning; obsolescent or incipient ears. Geniculated. Fine costae. Ventral sinus more or less pronounced. Ventral valve with few and scattered spines. No cardinal row of spines. Adductor scars located on a platform in the ventral valve. Generotype. — Productus batesianus Derby, 1874. Duartea resembles externally very much Muirwoodia Licharew, but presents no cardinal spines. The genera of Chonetacea and Productacea recognized indicate only the interval Pennsylvanian-Permian. The Middle Pennsylvanian age has been already established on the ground of Fusulinids ( Fusulinella Zone) The Itaituba series seems to be correctable to the Peruvian Tar ma Group; a few species of Productacea seem to be common to both formations. There is possible also a genetic relationship between the Itaiatuba-Tarma fauna and the Lower Permian ( Pseudoschwagerina Zone) Copacabana Group of Peru and Bolivia. Some of the Copacabana species have been even recognized formerly in Brazil. Correlation between the Itaituba series and the Piaui formation (States of Maranhao and Piaui, Northern Brazil) of the same age is also possible. Brachiopods from the last formation however have not yet been carefully studied

The present paper deals w ith the Upper Carboniferous Spiriferacea of the Tapajos river The Tapajos valley is the type region for the sequence named Itaituba series by Frederik Hartt (1874) The unquestionable carboniferous beds in this section reach an estimated thickness of about 250 meters. Limestone predominates in the outcrops. However the well samples conspicuously show sandstone and shale. Brachiopods coming from the basal portion of the section were first described by Orville Adalbert Derby (1874); later having been listed and partially described and figured by Friedrich Katzer (1903); and quite recently revised and ilustrated pro-parte by Hugh Dresser (1594) The remaining macrofauna is unsatisfactorily known, except for some trilobites pigydes of uncertain procedence (W ilhelm Kegel, 1951), and for some invertebrates described or figured pro-parte by Katzer (1903) in the already mentioned paper However Derby (1894), and Katzer (op. cit.) presented lists of the general fauna. Outside of the Tapajos section many other fossiliferous localities of the Itaituba series have been pointed out and some colections decribed (F R. Cowper Reed, 1933; Aristomenes Duarte, 1938a and 1938b) Duarte in one of his papers (1938b) lias made collateral references to brachiopods of the Tapajos river The age of the Itaituba series has been referred as Carboniferous by Derby (1874); the subsequent authors, with some exceptions, following D erb y ’s o p in io n . W aagen (1882) con sid ered the series as Perm ian; Katzer (1903) maintained the question as an open one. Derby has considered also the Brazilian series c o r r e c ta b le to the B olivian “ C arboniferous” This point has been a source of con fu sion , esp ecially after (). Dunbar and Norman N ew ell (1940) pointed out the L ow er Perm ian age of the Bolivian classic fauna. So it is not surprising that Branson (1948), for instance, has labeled the Itaituba series as Permo-Carboniferous. The problem has been cleared through the study of some fusulinids coming from the basal portion of the Tapapjos section. (S. Petri, 1952) The finding of Millerela and Fusilinella assur a Middle P enn sylvan ian age. On the other side, J. C hron ic’s revision (1949); 1953) of the Andean fauna sh ow ed the d istin ction b etw een the “ C arboniferous” of Bolivia and Peru and the Amazonian true Carboniferous. On the other side, Chronic mentions the fact that the Brazilian series is correctable to the Pennsylvanian Tarma Group from Peru. A ccord in g to D resser’s paper (1954) the age of the Itaituba fauna is P en n sy lv a n ia n . His system atics point out a L ow er P en n sylvan ian E poch rather than a m iddle one. The author of the present paper has registered the fusulinids described by Petri until the top of the sequence. This fact assur the same chronology for the entire Tapajos section. The collections here described have been made in loco by the author and come from several outcrops of the Tapajos river They include, partially, fossiliferous boulders collected on the beaches near the outcrops. However the author has also studied collections of the Divisao de Geologia e Mineralogia and Museu Nacional, som e of them com ing from other localities of the Amazonia. The species described, are the following: Phrycodothyris mourai Mendes, sp. n. Spirifer oliveiroi Mendes, sp. n. Neospirifer dresseri Mendes, sp. n. Crurithyris granularis Dresser Pnnctospirifer leinzi Mendes, sp. n. The age as suggested by the fossils listed above is Pennsylvanian. H owever one can not determine on the base of the Spiriferacea, to what division of the Pennsylvanian they should be referred. There should be no doubt the Middle Pennsylvanian age as indicated by the Fusulinids. Phricodothyris mourai Mendes, sp. n. recalls P perplexa (Me Chesn ey) H ow ever this am erican P en n sylvan ian sp ecies has generally a longitudinal ovale outline, w hile, the brazilian species has a tendency to a transverse elliptic outline. The latter shows also more closely spaced concentric bands on the surface. These bands are weaker than the ones seen in the american species and bear smaller scars of doublebarrelled spines. The pedicular valve is even less convex and an incipient fold in the dorsal valve is frequently observed. Spirifer oliveirai Mendes, sp. n., recalls in certain grade, the american S. opimus Hall, also a little S. rockmontanus (M arcou ); esp ecially the you ng form s. H ow ever a close com parion sh ow s that it differs from both not only because it is more tranversal in shape but also because it reaches a larger size. Neospirifer dresseri Mendes, sp. n., is characterized by its hemi-ellipsoidic shape, w eak costae (fasciculation being scarce), a shallow rounded and anteriorly flattened sinus. It is distinguished from N. cameratus (Morton) by not presenting the pentagonal shape characteristic of this american species, by p ossessin g a shallow er and m ore rounded sinus, a w eaker fold, w eaker costae and less evident fasciculation. It differs also from N. condor d ’Orbigny in size, general shape, in its less marked sinus and absence of growing lines, so abundantly and strongly marked, etc. Pnnctospirifer leinzi Mendes, sp. n., has been referred by the previous authors to Punctospirifer transversa (Me Ghesney) The shape of the brazilian species is actualy quite distinguishable from transversa in being higher and thicker Other external and internal characteres are also dissimilar

It is absolutely essential for a library to posses the resources that will enable it to meet its goals. Automation can therefore help in better management of the library collection and acquisition process. However, the use of computers and other peripherals to do what has been done with the justification of reduced cost and better performance form the nucleus of this paper. In Conclusion, Librarians must analyses their needs and plan the selection and implementation of automation system (Information and Communication Technology) that support the mission and priorities of the institution

This study examines the Scientometrics appraisal of the Journal of Intellectual Property Rights (JIPR) for eight years from 2003-2010. This paper analyses the year wise distribution of articles and citations, authorship pattern, the degree of collaboration, the subjects covered and the length of the articles in the journal. The results indicate that the average number of contribution per issue is 6.46, the maximum number of contribution of article is by single author and patents as subject is covered with more number of articles. The maximum length of an article goes to 13.59 with the minimum of 6.75 pages. It is found that this is an important journal in the field of IPR, which every organization should procure and make it available to the users.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the chronic effect of sitagliptin on metabolic profile, inflammation, and redox status in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat, an animal model of obese type 2 diabetes. Diabetic and obese ZDF (fa/fa) rats and their controls (ZDF +/+) were treated during 6 weeks with vehicle (control) and sitagliptin (10 mg/kg/bw). Glucose, HbA1c, insulin, Total-c, TGs, IL-1β, TNF-α, CRPhs, and adiponectin were assessed in serum and MDA and TAS in serum, pancreas, and heart. Pancreatic histology was also evaluated. Sitagliptin in diabetic rats promoted a decrease in glucose, HbA1c, Total-c, and TGs accompanied by a partial prevention of insulinopenia, together, with a decrease in CRPhsand IL-1β. Sitagliptin also showed a positive impact on lipid peroxidation and hypertension prevention. In conclusion, chronic sitagliptin treatment corrected the glycaemic dysmetabolism, hypertriglyceridaemia, inflammation, and hypertension, reduced the severity of the histopathological lesions of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tissues, together with a favourable redox status, which might be a further advantage in the management of diabetes and its proatherogenic comorbidities.

A paper present some data about a project which, although focused on the specific case of Portugal, intents to make a scientific approach of the challenges of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) and its impact in the field of the information literacy, considering the actual context of the Information Society. The main questions that it intents to answer are: understand how the university students face the new competences required by the creation of the EHEA; know how these students are prepared in terms of information competences, in three different moments, i.e., prior to the university, during the university frequency period and at the end of the university degree. The inter and transdiscisplinary approach between the Education, Cognitive Sciences and Information Science are clearly stated in the epistemological and theoretical model that supports it, profiting of the interaction between information needs produced in the educational context and the student’s informational universe and its dynamics, without forgetting to consider the connections of student’s informational behavior with their personal and social context and demands. The study will be performed on a national scale, in order to allow comparisons between regions with different development levels. The sample will include students from both study cycles. The methodology used in this study will be divided in two areas, qualitative and quantitative research. The qualitative research will permit to obtain precious indicators about the students’ information behavior, expectations, needs and use of information. The indicators obtained in qualitative research will be used to design questionnaires, which will to be performed in 17 high schools and 17 universities, with an estimated sample of approximately 2000 students. The final result of this research will be the design of an informational behavior map, at the university level, and the development of a model concerning the promotion of information competences in Portuguese university students. O estudo apresenta alguns dados sobre um projeto, que embora focado no caso específico de Portugal, tem a pretensão de fazer uma aproximação científica dos desafios da Área do Ensino Superior Europeu (EHEA) e seu impacto no campo da alfabetização da informação, considerando o atual contexto da Sociedade da Informação. As questões principais que essa pesquisa pretende responder são: entender como os alunos universitários enfrentam as novas competências exigidas pela criação do EHEA; saber como esses alunos estão preparados em termos das competências informacionais, em três diferentes momentos: antes da universidade, durante o período de freqüência da universidade e, no final da graduação, na universidade. As aproximações intra e transdisciplinares entre Educação, Ciências Cognitivas e Ciência da Informação são claramente afirmadas no modelo epistemológico e teórico que o apóiam, beneficiando-se da interação entre necessidades de informação produzidas no contexto educacional e o universo informacional dos alunos e sua dinâmica, sem esquecer de considerar as conexões do comportamento informacional dos alunos com seus contextos pessoais e sociais e exigências. O estudo é realizado em uma escala nacional, para permitir as comparações entre regiões com diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento. O exemplo inclui alunos de ambos os ciclos de estudo. A metodologia usada nesse estudo está dividida em duas áreas, pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa. A pesquisa qualitativa permitirá obter preciosos indicadores sobre o comportamento de informação dos alunos, expectativas, necessidades e uso de informação. Os indicadores obtidos na pesquisa qualitativa serão usados para projetar questionários, os quais serão realizados em 17 escolas de ensino médio e 17 universidades, com uma amostra estimativa de aproximadamente 2000 alunos. O resultado final desta pesquisa será o projeto de um mapa do comportamento informacional, no nível da universidade, e o desenvolvimento de um modelo concernindo à promoção de competências da informação nos alunos de universidades Portuguesas.

In this paper an account is given of the principal facts observer in the meiosis of Euryophthalmus rufipennis Laporte which afford some evidence in favour of the view held by the present writer in earlier publications regarding the existence of two terminal kinetochores in Hem ip ter an chromosomes as well as the transverse division of the chromosomes. Spermatogonial mitosis - From the beginning of prophase until metaphase nothing worthy of special reference was observed. At anaphase, on the contrary, the behavior of the chromosomes deserves our best attention. Indeed, the chromoso- mes, as soon as they begin to move, they show both ends pronouncedly turned toward the poles to which they are connected by chromosomal fibres. So a premature and remarkable bending of the chromosomes not yet found in any other species of Hemiptera and even of Homoptera points strongly to terminally localized kinetochores. The explanation proposed by HUGHES-SCHRADER and RIS for Nautococcus and by RIS for Tamalia, whose chromosomes first become bent late in anaphase do not apply to chromosomes which initiate anaphase movement already turned toward the corresponding pole. In the other hand, the variety of positions assumed by the anaphase chromosomes of Euryophthalmus with regard to one another speaks conclusively against the idea of diffuse spindle attachments. First meiotic division - Corresponding to the beginning of the story of the primary spermatocytes cells are found with the nucleus entirelly filled with leptonema threads. Nuclei with thin and thick threads have been considered as being in the zygotente phase. At the pachytene stage the bivalents are formed by two parallel strands clearly separated by a narrow space. The preceding phases differ in nothing from the corresponding orthodox ones, pairing being undoubtedly of the parasynaptic type. Formation of tetrads - When the nuclei coming from the diffuse stage can be again understood the chromosomes reappear as thick threads formed by two filaments intimately united except for a short median segment. Becoming progressively shorter and thicker the bivalents sometimes unite their extremities forming ring-shaped figures. Generally, however, this does not happen and the bivalents give origin to more or less condensed characteristic Hemipteran tetrads, bent at the weak median region. The lateral duplicity of the tetrads is evident. At metaphase the tetrads are still bent and are connected with both poles by their ends. The ring-shaped diakinesis tetrads open themselves out before metaphase, showing in this way that were not chiasmata that held their ends together. Anaphase proceeds as expected. If we consider the median region of the tetrads as being terminalized chiasmata, then the chromosomes are provided with a single terminal kinetochore. But this it not the case. A critical analysis of the story of the bivalents before and after the diffuse stage points to the conclusion that they are continuous throughout their whole length. Thence the chromosomes are considered as having a kinetochore at each end. Orientation - There are some evidences that Hemipteran chromosomes are connected by chiasmata. If this is true, the orientation of the tetrads may be understood in the following manner: Chiasmata being hindered to scape by the terminal kinetochores accumulate at the ends of the tetrads, where condensation begins. Repulsion at the centric ends being prevented by chiasmata the tetrads orient themselves as if they were provided with a single kinetochore at each extremity, taking a position parallelly to the spindle axis. Anaphase separation - Anaphase separation is consequently due to a transverse division of the chromosomes. Telophase and secund meiotic division - At telophase the kinetochore repeli one another following the moving apart of the centosomes, the chiasmata slip toward the acentric extremities and the chromosomes rotate in order to arrange themselves parallelly to the axis of the new spindle. Separation is therefore throughout the pairing plane. Origin of the dicentricity of the chromosomes - Dicentricity of the chromosomes is ascribed to the division of the kinetochore of the chromosomes reaching the poles followed by separation and distension of the chromatids which remain fused at the acentric ends giving thus origin to terminally dicentric iso-chromosomes. Thence, the transverse division of the chromosomes, that is, a division through a plane perpendicular to the plane of pairing, actually corresponds to a longitudinal division realized in the preceding generation. Inactive and active kinetochores - Chromosomes carrying inactive kinetochore is not capable of orientation and active anaphasic movements. The heterochromosome of Diactor bilineatus in the division of the secondary spermatocytes is justly in this case, standing without fibrilar connection with the poles anywhere in the cell, while the autosomes are moving regularly. The heterochromosome of Euryophthalmus, on the contrary, having its kinetochores perfectly active ,is correctly oriented in the plane of the equator together with the autosomes and shows terminal chromosomal connection with both poles. Being attracted with equal strength by two opposite poles it cannot decide to the one way or the other remaining motionless in the equator until some secondary causes (as for instances a slight functional difference between the kinetochores) intervene to break the state of equilibrium. When Yiothing interferes to aide the heterochromosome in choosing its way it distends itself between the autosomal plates forming a fusiform bridge which sometimes finishes by being broken. Ordinarily, however, the bulky part of the heterochromosome passes to one pole. Spindle fibers and kinetic activity of chromosomal fragments - The kinetochore is considered as the unique part of the chromosome capable of being influenced by other kinetochore or by the poles. Under such influence the kinetochore would be stimulated or activited and would elaborate a sort of impulse which would run toward the ends. In this respect the chromosome may be compared to a neuron, the cell being represented by the kinetochore and the axon by the body of the chromosome. Due to the action of the kinetochore the entire chromosome becomes also activated for performing its kinetic function. Nothing is known at present about the nature of this activation. We can however assume that some active chemical substance like those produced by the neuron and transferred to the effector passes from the kinetochore to the body of the chromosome runing down to the ends. And, like an axon which continues to transmit an impulse after the stimulating agent has suspended its action, so may the chromosome show some residual kinetic activity even after having lost its kinetochore. This is another explanation for the kinetic behavior of acentric chromosomal fragmehs. In the orthodox monocentric chromosomes the kinetic activity is greater at the kinetochore, that is, at the place of origin of the active substance than at any other place. In chromosomes provided with a kinetochore at each end the entire body may become active enough to produce chromosomal fibers. This is probably due to a more or less uniform distribution and concentration of the active substance coming simultaneously from both extremities of the chromosome.

This paper presents a study of the geology of the alkaline complex of Pocos de Caldas. This massif judging from its area which is in the order of 800 square kilometers, is considered to be one of the greatest complexes formed exclusively by nephelinic rocks. Of an elliptic shape, w ith 35 km in the NESW direction and 30 km in the NW-SE direction it possesses in addition, a stock of foyaite of about 10 square kilom eters. The Parana sedimentary basin forms its western boundary, whilst the foothills of the Serra da Mantiqueira form the eastern boundary The complex is emplaced between granite and gneisses which, in the SE quadrant and to a lesser extend in the NW quadrant were metasomatically affected, mainly along the direction of schistosity, by the process of fenitisation. In the northw estern area the fenite is of a greenish grey colour while in the southeastern area it is red in colour The complex consists mainly of nephelinic rocks: tinguaite and foyaite, containing however, in its interior rocks which are older than the alkaline intrusion. They are sediments and volcanic rocks formed by tuffs, breccias, agglomerates and ankaratritic lavas. The sediments accompany the contact with the gneiss. Their largest outcrops are found in the western and southern portions of the complex. The basal members of the sedimentary sequence consist of sandy shales, with horizontal bedding and the top is formed by sandstone with cross lamination. They are disturbed and usually dip towards the center of the complex. Breccias, tuffs and lavas w Tere deposited over the sediments and form a continuous band along the N-W border The breccias are formed chiefly by fragments of sediments, gneiss, diabase and la v a . The m atrix is rich in detritic well rounded quartz. The action of hydrothermal solutions, during the metasomatic process, is indicated by the appearence of autigenic biotite, microcristals of aegerine and apatite. In the matrix, secondary calcite is very common and often substitutes partially of totally the quartz. The ankaratritic lavas frequently form agglomerates. Products of the volcanic activity are found along the whole internal border, indicating that the volcanic activity covered a large a r e a . A fter this activity phonolites, tinguaites and foyaites were formed, with frequent changes from one type of rock to another. The tinguaites constitue the major area of the complex and reveal great uniformity In some areas, especially in the neighbourhood of Cascata varieties of pseudoleucite and analcite appear The foyaites are intrusive in the tinguaites, but the emplacement occured more or less contemporaneously as is suggested by the change of one type of rock into the other Besides the various types of foyaites, with equigranular and trachitoidal textures, lujaurite and chibinite appear in a small area at the northern part of the massif. The initial stages of the intrusion seem to have been accompanied by the up-rising of blocks of the cristalline basement, which preceded the volcanic activity Either during or after the volcanic activity the subsidence of the central part occured, with the formation of radial and circular faults, which permited the up-rising of the magma. The existence, even at the present level of erosion, of small areas of volcanic material, disturbed by the intrusion, indicates that the subsidence was not total, but that parts of the volcanic cover served as a roof for the emplacement of the tinguaite and the differentiation of foyaite. The great annular dike of tinguaite was emplaced along the periphery, forming a nearly complete ling of varying thickness, with vertical or nearly vertical dips. The deduction of the geometrical form of the tinguaitic in trusion, in the central part of the massif is made difficult by the great mineral and textural homogeneity of the rocks. The subsidence must have started in the center, where it was most pronounced and it must have preceeded the formation of the annular dike. This is proved by the observation of many xenoliths of rocks belonging to the interior of the massif occuring in the ring-dike. The last events of the magmatic action are represented by foyaitic intrusions in the form of smaller dikes cutting the great annular dike. The sequence of the different intrusions seems to be from the centre to the periphery The topography shows two areas with different geomorphological features: the major area, with annular drainage and the smaller with a relief between youth and maturity, in which the radial drainage predominates. It is probable that the drainage system is controlled by the main system of joints. After the activity of the alkaline magma faulting occured over a large area. The main faulting system formed the E-W “graben" which touches the southern border of the complex. The mineral resources consist of bauxite ores, zirconiferous minerals, as zircon, “caldasitev, baddeleyte which have variable content of uranium, and deposits of thorium and rare earths. The minerals with zirconium and thorium were formed by phenomena related to hydrothermal processes, which distroyed the primary minerals and caused precipitations along joints