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This study aims to analyze the conflicts that occur regarding the use and occupation of the territory in areas of protection and conservation of nature in the Chapada dos Veadeiros Microregion, a mosaic composed of human occupations with diversified interests: environmental protection, represented by environmentalists; agribusiness, under the domain of “ruralists”; mining, with strong presence of small prospectors and mining companies; tourism, which is growing, but worrying environmentalists; small landowners, who need to survive, but are confined to small areas surrounded by agricultural companies; and by ancestry, with the presence of African Brazilians, the Kalunga Quilombola Community, in addition to the non-governmental organizations (NGOs), having a strong presence in the area. In geographic terms, this Microregion is a true patchwork, where the limits of the cities that compose it are interlaced with the limits of the Pouso Alto Area of Environmental Protection, with the Reserve of the Brazilian Savanna Biosphere and with the Historical and Cultural Heritage Site of the Kalunga, all with their specific legislations. Within this web, conflicts are a reality, and the actors diverge in their interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]