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This study in Education deals with the curricular alignment from the National Curricular Common Base (BNCC), with an emphasis on the area of Natural Sciences in a pandemic scenario. For that, it permeates the construction of the Gaucho Curriculum Reference (RCG) of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and the Santa Maria Curriculum Guiding Document (DOC/SM). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, remote teaching became a reality and, therefore, curricular adaptations became necessary. Therefore, in this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were carried out with teachers in the area of sciences, aiming to analyze the construction of the Emergency Curriculum (EC) of Science in the municipal school system of Santa Maria. The alignment of the CE with the BNCC was observed, creating a false idea of autonomy in the construction of the diversified part of the curriculum and, on the other hand, the mobilization and engagement of teachers in the construction of the local document, and the sensitivity and democratization in the knowledge selection process, which kept relevant topics on the agenda, such as environmental education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, indigenous communities in Latin America, have inhabited spaces that currently have great economic value due to their variety of natural resources. Under the discourse of sustainability, governments seek to preserve them under the figures of Protected Natural Areas, mainly the Biosphere Reserves. In that sense, indigenous populations have been inserted into tourism activity, under the discourse of sustainability because it coincides with their worldview of coexistence with nature. In some cases, tourism has participated as predation by external actors, but it also has become a new threat to the territory. This document aims to determine whether the strategy of incorporating the Lacandones, inhabitants of the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve into tourism, is convenient for the conservation of natural environments and the improvement of the living standards of local populations; to the extent that has been the continue to be a dominant global discourse around which the introduction of tourism in indigenous communities close to protected natural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying, classifying and mapping the ecosystem services provide an overview of ecosystems, as well as highlight the relevance of biodiversity and of their effective functioning. This study aimed to identify the ES and locate them spatially in the Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo Biological Reserve considering the conditions and land use classes observed in 2017. The chosen methodology was based on the study by Burkhard et al. (2009) and the results showed a high supply potential in the reserve, especially in natural areas and the loss of provision of cultural and regulatory services. It is concluded that the area has its ecosystem services threatened and need attention to avoid further compromise of the natural dynamics in the reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze two environmental tragedies that have recently occurred in Brazil: the rupture of the dam of the mining company Vale do Rio Doce in the municipality of Brumadinho in Minas Gerais and the use of pesticides in crops. Starting from the Baconian conception that the misuse of science can produce aberrations, especially from the analysis of the works The wisdom of the ancients (1609) and the New organum (1620), we intend to demonstrate how the same science that produced the necessary technology for the functioning The dam has decimated hundreds of people, devastating hectares of natural areas, dumping chemical waste that polluted rivers and devastated ecosystems. In addition, the unruly use of pesticides has increasingly compromised the Brazilian soil, contaminating springs and rivers, making society hostage to foods extremely infected with chemical substances, causing intoxication and putting the health of Brazilians at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Vão do Paranã Microregion is located in the Goiás States in an area of high environmental endemism, partially protected in several categories of conservation units. The region, however, was inserted in the agricultural productive matrix of the Cerrado biome with promotion and public policies directed towards its occupation, which, as demonstrated in other regions of the biome, are aggressive and compromising the maintenance of deity. Therefore, the objective of the article was to analyze the dynamics of occupation of the Vão do Paranã micro-region between 1985 and 2019 in order to understand how the spatio-temporal patterns of anthropogenic landscapes influenced the socioeconomic development of the micro-region. In this sense, mappings of land use and land cover were elaborated and were continuously interpreted with official demographic and agricultural data and landscape descriptors. The results indicate that a microregion within the evaluated time frame showed intense dynamics with promotion and encouragement of activities in the field of pastures and that the occupation process between the municipalities, even having a pasture with stimulus resulted in different economic and demographic responses. Although the natural areas are concentrated on the fronts of the Serra Geral border, in areas with a steep slope, with fragile soils and within the limits of the conservation units, the landscape descriptive indexes indicate a high state of anthropization and degradation of vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Serra de Gorongosa is total a Conservation Area, created by the Government of Mozambique, through the Ministerial Decree n° 78/2010 of December 31, with the purpose of expanding the boundaries of the Gorongosa National Park and ensuring Geo-conservation. The creation of the total Conservation Area on the land occupied, for centuries, by the communities of Canda, Murombodzi, Nhambirira and Nhancuco, private properties of small farmers, areas holding miming prospecting licenses and forest concession, bring to spotlight, the discussion about territorial overlaps in the Gorongosa Mountain range. The research intends, therefore, to contribute to the debate on territorial overlaps of conservation areas on community lands, aiming to bring a reflection with regard to the relationship between nature and society, through the territory. Our contribution results from the methodological combination of literature review and fieldwork, which allowed us to conclude that, in Mozambique, the debate on territorial overlap of Conservation Areas on community lands is incipient and far from finding consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of landscape structure refers to the study of the landscape from the measurement and quantification of its structural and spatial aspects. The objective of this article is to evaluate the landscape metrics in the extreme western of São Paulo State, Brazil. For this, we used satellite image information and a Geographic Information System to identify the degree of landscape shredding and the isolation. As results, we verified that the area is covered by anthropic uses, which represented 73.92%, and the rest is distributed in natural areas (wetland, island and forest fragments and water corpus). When analyzing the area index, referring to the size of the fragments, we could identify that the highest percentages are concentrated in pasture (42.51%) and agriculture (28.58). The analyzed indexes confirm that the fragmentation of the landscape is expressive and undergoes intense perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a conceptual discussion on periphery, we analyzed the process of peripheralization in the conurbation of an average-sized city located in the south of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. We aimed to investigate the expansion and the production of peripheral space in the conurbation Pelotas-Capão do Leão, between 1990 and 2011. We used LANDSAT 5 images from the ThematicMapper (TM) sensor, and processed the data with softwares Spring and ArcGIS. The study also included interviews in the local city halls, bibliographical research and data from IBGE. Results indicate the production of two types of periphery in the conurbation analyzed, one formed by precarious settlements in Pelotas and Capão do Leão, and the other composed of medium and high standard subdivisions and gated residential areas around an area of natural attractions. We found that the growth of the cities is related to the location of a naval hub in the neighboring city of Rio Grande, the fragmentation and diffusion of the peripheral space and the formation of urban voids in the process of space production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies on the management of river basins with a geographic approach have not yet been widely disseminated; thus, this paper provides a proposal aimed at contributing to advances in this field, through the applications of geo-technologies to the analysis of the integrated management of the Lajeado Amarelo river basin, in Três Lagoas, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Results were obtained by applying a systemic approach as the basis of the integrated management, as well as through a theoretical and technical discussion regarding the study of river basins. The management of this particular river basin was addressed on the basis of the analysis of types of land use and the assessment of their impacts (according to the management of the river). The article also analyzes the influence of each type of land use on the conservation of the basin and makes proposals for changing land use and their viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the conflicts that occur regarding the use and occupation of the territory in areas of protection and conservation of nature in the Chapada dos Veadeiros Microregion, a mosaic composed of human occupations with diversified interests: environmental protection, represented by environmentalists; agribusiness, under the domain of “ruralists”; mining, with strong presence of small prospectors and mining companies; tourism, which is growing, but worrying environmentalists; small landowners, who need to survive, but are confined to small areas surrounded by agricultural companies; and by ancestry, with the presence of African Brazilians, the Kalunga Quilombola Community, in addition to the non-governmental organizations (NGOs), having a strong presence in the area. In geographic terms, this Microregion is a true patchwork, where the limits of the cities that compose it are interlaced with the limits of the Pouso Alto Area of Environmental Protection, with the Reserve of the Brazilian Savanna Biosphere and with the Historical and Cultural Heritage Site of the Kalunga, all with their specific legislations. Within this web, conflicts are a reality, and the actors diverge in their interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we propose a reflection on the political challenges faced by various forms of graphic humor, published in independent Brazilian journals during the second half of the 1970s. Coming from so-called minority groups, such as homossexual collectives, black movements and environmental groups, the demands were raised against authoritarianism and repression by the military regime, but also against the conservatism prevailing within the democratic opposition movements, in the ranks of the traditional left. The struggle against prejudice and the convergence of groups occupied significant visual space in the pages of the periodical Lampião da Esquina, published between 1978 and 1981. Together with the monthly magazine Versus, published between 1975 and 1979, and some periodicals that fought to preserve nature and indigenous lands, it was one of those innovative and militant editorial projects that formulated alternative proposals for a national multicultural project rooted in Latin America, as a response to a vision of Brazil inserted within the western, Christian bloc and aligned with the politics of the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a model of balancing urbanization and nature. Firstly, it presents contextual information about the role of nature in facing key contemporary challenges, in particular related to facing the predicted negative consequences of climate change, as well as the destruction of the natural environment because of or derived from anthropic activities. Subsequently, it introduces fundamental aspects of the theory of green wedge urbanism and explores the applicability of the idea in contributing to tackling Brazilian urban challenges. We concluded that green wedge urbanism, given its particular articulation between urbanised and natural areas, presents an effective and flexible structure that can contribute to the urban question in different domains, above all in the maximization of the benefits of nature throughout the urban fabric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rondônia state is among those that make up the Western Amazon region, which had the largest deforested area. This occurred due to the National State's option for private land ownership and capitalist expansion, to the detriment of conservation and traditional forms of use. Thus, the objective is to carry out the dynamic modeling of deforestation from 2015 to 2050 in the state of Rondônia. Methodology was contemplated by environmental modeling and decision making based on the Geographic Information System (GIS). Dynamic modeling of deforestation was developed using the software "DINAMICA EGO". Results revealed that the advance of deforestation until 2015 occupied 37.68% of the area of the state of Rondônia and will reach 54.87%, by 2050. In addition, deforestation will be greater in areas close to the road network, urban areas and areas already deforested. On the other hand, conservation of vegetation will be more expressive with special areas, indigenous lands and conservation units. Finally, from the projection map of the removal of vegetation for the year 2050 it was possible to verify that the removal of vegetation will be greater in the northwestern portion, especially in the municipality of Porto Velho. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will present and discuss the data extracted from a course of continuing education of teachers of the area of Natural Sciences, held at the Federal University of Pampa- Unipampa of the campus of Caçapava do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experience indicates the development of skills in the process of elaboration and problem solving that can be carried out in the course of immersion with teachers of the Natural Sciences areas and this is linked to the formation of a group of continuing teacher training, as well as justifies the need to establish a teaching group based on the study of Problem Solving in Science Teaching. The results show that the work developed facilitated the improvement of skills in teachers, as well as contributed to minimize the difficulties encountered in teaching practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Man and the biosphere program, promoted by United Nations, Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - UNESCO, which has as its main goals the creation of Biosphere Reserves - BR in different biomes. Although of the importance (strategic and biodiversity position), Cerrado's Biosphere Reserve still has modest dissemination in media / academic community and few Conservation Units that to show biome preservation. In order to contribute to this discussion, the present work aims the period a multitemporal analysis of the Cerrado Biosphere Reserve, regarding the issue of land use and occupation, realized due data from the MapBiomas program, during the period from 2001 to 2016. Analysis has showed that over the years there was a strong conversion of natural areas, which has damaged the central mains of the reserves - preservation of diversity. In total, there were about 15.000 km² of converted areas for anthropic use, 8.000 km² only between 2004 to 2008, which has presenting a variation rate of 14% in that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the relationship between fire and the dynamics of Brazilian landscapes is a major issue for a better understanding of ecological processes and the human impacts on landscape dynamics. We explore the dynamics of spatial-temporal variation in fire occurrence in Brazilian biomes during the last 18 years (2001-2018), based on the burned area product MCD64A1 v006 and the database of land use and land cover of Mapbiomas project. The Cerrado recorded 62.2% of the total burned in the analyzed period, followed by the Amazon biome, with 23.5%. Pampa, Mata Atlântica and Amazônia had a fire occurrence above -50% in areas with agropastoral land uses, while in the Cerrado, Caatinga and Pantanal biomes the fires occurred mainly on areas of natural vegetation. We confirmed the potential for combining the use of products derived from remote sensing for the analysis of the patterns of burned areas, generating relevant information regarding the anthropic influences in the alteration of fire regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing systemic transdisciplinary studies, the fundamental hypothesis of this investigation makes a direct reference to the possibility of identifying the problems that afflict protected natural areas and suggest solutions for the management of these areas, based on planning that calls for the touristic use of the territory, in the quest for a symbolic relationship between the visitors and the destination communities, thereby creating possibilities for improving quality of life and collaborating in the conservation of the environment in these locations. In the practical sphere, with an experimental purpose and for the application of expertise, we propose the analysis of a mixed use Conservation Unit -- the Jacuí River Delta State Park and EPA in Rio Grande do Sul -- in which we employ the ethnography technique as the main method of investigation. Based on this development, the study identified the leading problems that obstruct balanced and sustainable development of the territory and suggested solutions, striving to highlight the relevance of each of the actors involved in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]