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The green roof is used as an alternative for residential thermal cooling, as it aids in heat transfer and provides environmental and economic benefits. Thus, it aimed to evaluate whether the presence of the green roof alters the thermal residential conditions in a semiarid region. The green roof was conducted in a residential area, where two sensors (thermohygrometer) were installed indoors and outdoors. An area of 8.4 m2 was determined for the green roof, where four layers (wood plywood, carpet, cardboard, and substrate) were installed, and then the transplanting of Selaginella convoluta (Selaginellaceae) was carried out. The treatments were carried out in two different situations, analyzing the internal and external environment, with and without the use of a green roof (EXTER&lowbar;S, EXTER&lowbar;C, INTER&lowbar;S and INTER&lowbar;C). Temperature and relative humidity data were collected at 9:15 am and 9 pm for eight days and submitted to Tukey's test (p<0.05). The average temperature at 9 am was 23.32 ºC and at 3 pm, 32.8 ºC and 31.75 ºC on average for EXTER&lowbar;S and INTER&lowbar;S, respectively. There was a reduction in internal and external temperature, 1.53 °C and 1.7 °C, respectively, at 9 am, followed by 2.4 °C and 4.58 °C, at 3 pm and 3.65 °C and 4.37 °C at 9 pm in the studied environments. The RH% increased in the evaluated times, having a considerable increase at 9 pm (22.32%) in the EXTER&lowbar;C environment. The green roof helps to reduce temperature and increase residential RH, making it a sustainable alternative for thermal cooling in semi-arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problematizing some of the mains aspects of the sociologies of the individual is the aim of this article with the intention of collaborating for a better understanding of the concepts and methods that have been mobilized for the sociological objectification of individual existence. Three central perspectives of this field are discussed: Bernard Lahire's theory of action, Jean-Claude Kaufmann's theory of habits, and Danilo Martuccelli's theory of individuation. It is considered in that choice the similar type of sociological practice that these authors carry out, which is sustained by a continuous relationship between research and original theorization. The article presents the contributions of the sociologies of the individual to contemporary sociological theory, underlining them as part of a heterogeneous theoretical-methodological field still in development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current analysis deals with cases of cyberbullying which, in spite of the term which qualifies it as mere bullying through electronic means, is more serious than that. Bullying is investigated to understand cyberbullying, and its characteristics and development within the school environment. The importance of the Notary Minutes as proof against cyberbullying and as a legal proof is underscored, coupled to conscience-raising and mobilization with regard to rights and guarantees that tutelage equality. Therefore, there is no rightful argument to maintain, or worse, to incentive, the violation of the victim's dignity by digital means. The Brazilian Federal Constitution, the Statute for Children and Adolescents, Civil Code and the Consumers' Code are investigated on the theme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]