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O presente estudo é realizado através do levantamento e análise bibliográfica e tem como objetivo geral a análise do início do processo de escravização de pessoas negras africanas para o Brasil, desde o período que antecede as grandes navegações até a Lei Eusébio de Queiroz que constitui o marco normativo que propôs o fim do processo de tráfico de pessoas negras africanas. Como objetivo específico, a pesquisa pretende apontar a existência de uma relação direta entre o comércio marítimo português e o processo de captura e escravização de pessoas negras africanas, que foram desumanizadas e traficadas para o Brasil. Por fim, a pesquisa pretende apontar uma forma de reparação, pelo setor marítimo, para as pessoas negras inseridas na sociedade brasileira contemporânea.

This case report presents a rare manifestation of a pigmented cutaneous metastasis of breast carcinoma with a zosteriform distribution. A 77-year-old woman, previously diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, exhibited pigmented lesions resembling shingles on the left thoracodorsal region. Dermoscopic and histopathological examinations confirmed invasive carcinoma of mammary origin associated with melanocytic colonization. The zosteriform pattern, though rare, has been reported in cases of cutaneous metastasis from breast cancer. Treatment options include addressing the primary tumor and direct approaches such as surgery or radiotherapy for skin lesions. This report highlights the importance of clinical suspicion, histopathological evaluation, and immunohistochemical examinations for accurate diagnosis, enabling timely and appropriate treatment for improved patient outcomes.

Neonatos com síndrome de Down (SD) têm maior predisposição para Doença Mieloproliferativa Transitória (DMT), um distúrbio hematológico com proliferação transitória de células imaturas no sangue periférico e medula óssea. Alguns neonatos com DMT apresentam manifestações cutâneas caracterizadas por pápulas eritematosas difusas, com crostas, vesículas e pústulas, geralmente com envolvimento facial inicial e proeminente. Apesar da remissão espontânea da DTM ao longo de vários meses, cuidados de suporte podem ser exigidos em alguns casos e, ocasionalmente, quimioterapia. Descreve-se o caso de um recém-nascido, fenótipo de síndrome de Down, sexo masculino, que manifestou tais características no 5º dia de vida e propedêutica instituída em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. O diagnóstico é clínico-laboratorial, portanto, foi definido pelas características típicas. O tratamento instituído envolveu medidas conservadoras objetivando cuidados com a pele e mucosas evitando traumas. Observou-se melhora de todas as lesões com um mês de vida. Logo, demonstra-se a importância do diagnóstico diferencial devido à necessidade de acompanhamento clínico regular e quimioterapia em alguns casos.

In this work, the support, cashew apple bagasse (CAB), was chemically modified with divinyl sulfone (DVS), and it was evaluated to immobilize Candida antarctica lipase A (CAL-A). The best activation conditions of CAB support were defined by an advanced experimental design using the Taguchi method, assessing five factors at four levels (concentration of DVS, ionic strength, pH, temperature, and time). The support and biocatalyst (CAB-DVS-CAL-A) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, thermogravimetry (TGA), scanning microscopy (SEM), fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and electrophoresis. The optimal conditions to activate the support were DVS concentration of 1.4 mol L-1 (3 mL of DVS in 20 mL of reaction volume), a concentration of sodium bicarbonate buffer at 5 mmol L-1, pH 3.0 at 30 °C for 12 h. The immobilization on CAB-DVS promoted increased thermal stability at 70 °C and different pHs of CAL-A. Therefore, the selected conditions allowed for a catalyst with a catalytic activity of 6.8 U g-1 and more stable than the free enzyme (CAL-A). This demonstrates that pretreated and DVS-activated CAB is a promising support for enzyme immobilization.

Phytochemical study of Psychotria schlechtendaliana (Rubiaceae) aerial parts resulted in the isolation of alkaloids 4 N oxide harmane (1) and strictosidinic acid (2), and the terpenoids sitosterol, estigmasterol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin and betulinic acid. The crude extract (CE), its fractions (hexane FH, chloroform FC, ethyl acetate FEA, hydromethanolic FHM, alkaloidal chloroform FCOH, alkaloidal aqueous FAq) and majority alkaloid (1) were investigated for their antiproliferative potential against nine human tumor cells lines and one non-tumoral human cell line (HaCat). CE, FH and FEA fractions exhibited strong growth inhibition for ovary cells (OVCAR-3, GI50 = 5.89; 1.36 and 6.59 μg mL-1, respectively) and FC, FH and FAq fractions showed potent activity on the growth of leukemia cell lines (K562, GI50 = 1.92; 7.23 and 8.81 μg mL-1, respectively). Compound 1 exhibited selective antiproliferative activity to breast cancer (MCF-7, GI50 = 32.7 μg mL-1) and was non-toxic to HaCat cells. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect, models of ear edema induced by croton oil and the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) were used. FH and FC fractions exhibited anti-inflammatory effect and reduce ear edema compared to the control group. These fractions showed results superior to those exhibited by indomethacin (75.1%), FH (97.5%) and FC (95.5%) fractions.

Após a derrocada do socialismo real, N. Bobbio, sem abdicar do ideal socialista, passou a defender os princípios do Estado liberal. O avanço do processo de democratização da sociedade civil (democracia integral) é a condição "sine qua non" da concretização do projeto de uma sociedade mais justa, que ele apela socialismo liberal. o único historicamente possível. Bobbio preconiza a realização deste novo projeto de sociedade por meio da lei e do Estado de Direito.

ABSTRACT Apeiba (Malvaceae, Grewioideae) is an important component of the Neotropical flora, but taxonomic knowledge of its species is limited, particularly within the Amazon region. This study aimed to provide an updated taxonomic treatment of Apeiba native to Brazil, with focus on Amazonian collections. Species of Apeiba are trees with large yellowish-white flowers with a very particular fruit, an indehiscent capsule, usually globose to slightly flattened, covered either by long and numerous bristles, or densely apiculate. We provide synoptic descriptions for each Amazonian Apeiba species from Brazil, and comments on relevant synonyms and designated lectotypes for three names. We also provide an identification key, a list of examined material and distribution data, including a list of new occurrence records for some Brazilian states. Illustrations and notes on taxonomy and nomenclature are also included when appropriate.

The reduction of nitroarenes is the main methodology to produce anilines, important precursors of building blocks, dyes, and drugs. Continuing our goal of describing sustainable methodologies for the reduction of nitroarenes to their respective anilines, herein we compile selected reaction protocols, using organic medium, reported from 2017 to 2023, in order to provide a comprehensive and complementary view of the new processes and catalysts developed during this period.

ABSTRACT Safflower stands out among oilseeds due to its oil quality and crop resilience in dry and cold regions. However, there have been limited studies on its water requirements. This study aimed to assess water stress indices and determine phenological stages with the highest water demands during safflower cultivation. The experiment was conducted in two phases: one in a greenhouse and another in the field. Treatments involved different irrigation timings during the stages of crop development. The variables analyzed included plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry aboveground biomass, number of capitula, and number and weight of seeds. The results showed that safflower cultivation benefited from irrigation during its vegetative stage, in conjunction with irrigation during the reproductive and/or grain formation stage. It exhibited susceptibility to water deficit when irrigated only during the vegetative stage. Safflower can be cultivated in various climatic regions of Brazil and become an economically important species due to its adaptability, production, and potential.

In this work, the local electrochemical activity of the zones coupled by Friction Stir Welding (FSW) of an Al-Cu-Li alloy was studied and the results were correlated to the microstructural characteristics of each zone. Electrochemical studies were carried out in the zones affected by welding using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electrochemical techniques (namely, SECM - Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and LEIS - Local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). The results showed that the welding joint (WJ) is predominantly cathodic relatively to the heat affected zones (HAZ). The HAZ was always anodic and showed the highest electrochemical activities among the tested ones. The high electrochemical activity of the HAZ was associated with the effect of galvanic coupling between the cathodic region (WJ) and the anodic region (HAZ). In addition, the advancing side (AS) presented increased electrochemical activity compared to the retreating one (RS).

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess how microclimate variables and irrigation affect the growth of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted using the VAT90-212 cultivar in the Semi-arid region of Brazil. The microclimate was monitored and by quantifying the irrigation depth. Nine campaigns were carried out in the field to collect morphological and biomass data. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, so as to generate the mean values and/or sum between the campaigns. Using the correlation coefficient, the extent, sign and significance of the relationship between the response and explanatory variables were evaluated. The direct or indirect effects of the explanatory variables on the response variables were identified by path analysis. There was a significant correlation between microclimate variables and the morphological and biomass variables of the sugarcane, with a strong contribution from the intercepted fraction of the photosynthetically active radiation, the wind speed and soil temperature. The negative correlation with irrigation suggests that excess water impaired the growth dynamics of the crop. It is concluded that the growth of sugarcane is closely related to its capacity to intercept radiation, to the wind, thermal regime of the soil and irrigation management.

Resumo O termo “capital natural” teve sua origem atrelada à Economia; nos últimos anos, no entanto, discussões a seu respeito têm crescido na área de Contabilidade. Definido como o estoque de recursos naturais renováveis ou não renováveis, que se combinam para produzir um fluxo de benefícios para a sociedade e para os negócios, o capital natural fornece valor por meio dos seus serviços ecossistêmicos. Nesse caso, considerando que: o capital natural é derivado de recursos naturais que compõem o patrimônio natural, a combinação desses recursos contribui para que os negócios criem valor, e a participação da sociedade no valor gerado pelos negócios não é evidenciada pela contabilidade, o presente ensaio tem por objetivo propor a perspectiva teórica do shareholder invisível, tendo em vista a contribuição ainda não reconhecida da sociedade como fornecedora do capital natural aos negócios. Para tal, o estudo apresenta a relação entre o capital natural, os negócios e a sociedade, com base: nos aspectos associados a propriedade e controle, na contribuição do capital natural no processo de criação de valor dos negócios e nos elementos que envolvem a evidenciação dessa relação na contabilidade.

Neste trabalho apresentamos uma experiência simples que procura mostrar a influência da temperatura do ar atmosférico sobre a velocidade de propagação do som. A experiência consiste na observação simultânea da temperatura do ar e da velocidade de propagação do som, usando as próprias variações diurnas de temperatura. O experimento se baseia num telêmetro acústico e faz uso de uma placa Arduino Uno com um escudo datalogger.

Resumo Objetivo: Apresentar meios de capacitação comportamental de profissionais e estudantes de engenharia para Indústria 4.0. Originalidade/valor: Este estudo propõe um modelo de colaboração homem-máquina inteligente (aplicação de IA) para capacitação de profissionais de engenharia no local de trabalho. Identifica e qualifica evidências de competências comportamentais para Indústria 4.0 a serem desenvolvidas nos cursos de graduação em Engenharia da UFRJ. Design/metodologia/abordagem: O modelo de colaboração engenheiro-máquina abrange o Design Thinking (Brown, 2010). Trata-se de uma modelagem cognitiva do engenheiro adaptada ao modelo para o raciocínio lógico (Paul & Elder, 2002), com a integração da modelagem cognitiva ajustada ao modelo de fluxo de informações de interação homem-máquina (Riley, 1989). A implementação do modelo de competência para Indústria 4.0 (Prifti et al., 2017), a entrevista com dirigentes da EQ e Poli (UFRJ) sobre o planejamento para implementação das novas DCN de Engenharia (Resolução nº 2, 2019) e a aplicação da abordagem GRADE (Balshem et al., 2011) para qualificação do nível de confiança suportaram a identificação de evidências de competências comportamentais para Indústria 4.0 na graduação. Resultados: Os profissionais de engenharia treinam análise crítica e tomada de decisão, enquanto a máquina busca/processa informação e realiza simulações. Os cursos de graduação da EQ/Poli da UFRJ apresentam baixa evidência quanto à qualificação dos alunos em “inteligência emocional, tomada de decisão e relação com cliente”. Não foram identificadas evidências quanto à capacitação dos estudantes em “autogestão, empreendedorismo e conhecimento de modelo de negócios”. / Abstract Purpose: To present suggestions for behavioral competency development for engineers and Engineering students to work in Industry 4.0. Originality/value: A human-machine collaboration model (with artificial intelligence application) is proposed for training engineering professionals for the workplace. The behavioral skills for Industry 4.0 to be developed in Engineering degree programs and the quality of evidence of their inclusion in such programs of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro [UFRJ]) are assessed. Design/methodology/approach: The engineer-machine collaboration model draws on Design Thinking (Brown, 2010) and cognitive modeling of engineers based on a model of logical reasoning (Paul & Elder, 2002), integrating the cognitive model with a model of information flows in human-machine interactions (Riley, 1989). A competency model for Industry 4.0 (Prifti et al., 2017), interviews with leaders of Engineering schools of UFRJ, addressing their planning for the implementation of the new National Curriculum Guidelines for Engineering programs (Resolução no. 2, 2019), and application of the GRADE approach (Balshem et al., 2011) supported the identification of evidence of behavioral competencies for Industry 4.0 in the undergraduate programs. Findings: Engineering professionals train their critical analysis and decision-making skills while the machine searches for and processes information and performs simulations. Low quality evidence was found for the training of undergraduates in emotional intelligence, decision-making, and customer relations. No evidence was identified of training in self-management, entrepreneurship, and understanding of the business model.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to determine the evapotranspiration (ETc) of the mango cv. ‘Palmer’ over two productive cycles, analyzing water-use efficiency (WUE) and crop water productivity (CWP) to propose average crop coefficient (Kc) values for improving irrigation management under cultivation conditions in the Low-Middle São Francisco Valley. The study was conducted from July 2019 to May 2021 in a commercial ‘Palmer’ mango orchard in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Micrometeorological data was collected throughout the experimental period. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was determined using Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB), and then the Kc, WUE, and CWP were determined. The highest ETc values occurred during the floral induction phase (5.14 ± 0.85 mm day-1), with a Kc of 0.85; however, the lowest values were observed during the fruit maturation phase (3.60 ± 0.73 mm day-1), with a Kc of 0.91. Average water consumption per cycle was 1445 mm, with a daily average of 4.39 mm day-1. WUE and CWP were 16.9 and 24.5 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively. Average Kc values of 0.81, 0.76, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, and 0.91 are recommended for the vegetative growth, rest period and shoot maturation, floral induction, flowering, fruit development, and fruit maturation phases, respectively.

Este artigo descreve o papel que a filosofia desempenha no processo de constituição da astrobiologia como uma ciência legítima. Dirigindo o foco da discussão para os conceitos de vida e habitabilidade, procuramos mostrar de que modo a analogia contribui para que a astrobiologia seja uma disciplina científica. Defendemos que a noção de habitabilidade esclarece adequadamente a função exercida pela filosofia.

Instrumental advances have been employed in the study of archeological remains such as prehistoric rupestrians paintings with the objective of chemically characterizing them in order to reconstruct the cultural technologies of a prehistoric human group and/or to support conservation science studies. The analytical techniques most commonly used in archaeometric research are non-destructive or semi-destructive and preferably portable to preserve the integrity of the rupestrians paintings. They include X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), and the many techniques with emerging applications such as Mössbauer Spectroscopy, X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structures (XANES), Particle Induced X-ray Emission Spectrometry (PIXE) and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA ICP-MS). Therefore, this paper presents a review of the literature on the development of chemical strategies employed in the study of rock art, focusing mainly on the critical evaluation of analytical techniques used, limitations, challenges and the perspectives within this area of study.

RESUMO Os “estudos de usuários” são uma designação consolidada no país, cujos trabalhos têm utilizado, grosso modo, o entendimento das pessoas como informantes. Contudo, é preciso tensionar o termo usuário e sujeito presente nesses estudos e no próprio campo da Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, pois ambos trazem implicações conceituais e teóricas que reverberam em modos diferenciados de olhar para os indivíduos. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir os estudos de usuários e as práticas informacionais com vistas a aclarar as características destas abordagens que se aproximam e se afastam pela via dos seres humanos (usuários versus sujeitos informacionais). São apresentadas pesquisas que buscaram sistematizar a presença dos usuários e/ou esses sujeitos na Ciência da Informação, o que demonstra tanto um uso despretensioso do primeiro termo quanto uma crescente preocupação na construção conceitual do que seja o sujeito informacional. As práticas informacionais foram destacadas por uma abordagem que distingue dos estudos de usuários, tendo em vista o modo particular de compreender e interpretar as ações informacionais dos sujeitos que convocam outras teorias das Ciências Sociais e Humanas.

A Biblioteconomia é um dos campos científicos das Ciências Sociais que apresenta uma extensa trajetória acadêmica e profissional. São diversas as possibilidades de se estudar a epistemologia de um campo. Aqui nosso foco são os discursos oriundos dos artigos científicos publicados na Revista de Biblioteconomia de Brasília, que teve seu primeiro número em 1973. O recorte para a análise dos artigos foi a década de 1970 e concentrou os artigos que possibilitaram discutir sobre duas categorias: biblioteca e bibliotecário. A pesquisa é considerada exploratória, de cunho bibliográfico, cujo método empregado foi a da análise de conteúdo que possibilitou operacionalizar três fases: pré-análise, exploração do material e tratamento dos resultados. De modo geral, os discursos dos 27 artigos analisados abordaram a importância das bibliotecas, em especial, das bibliotecas públicas, do ensino da Biblioteconomia e da atuação do profissional. Além disso, abordaram a insuficiência de profissionais bibliotecários para execução do projeto de expansão das bibliotecas brasileiras, estas que são indispensáveis para o desenvolvimento econômico e social do país. Esses artigos, publicados dentro do contexto da ditatura civil-militar de 1964-1985, não fizeram qualquer menção a esse acontecimento histórico.

Molecular biomarkers correspond to all endogenous or exogenous biomolecules, whose presence or alteration in metabolic pathways indicate the response of a biological system to a disturbance caused by internal or external factors. The search for biomarkers has allowed deepening the knowledge of complex pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases, interactions with potential drugs, and the improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic tests, establishing itself as a central point in personalized medicine. In addition, the development of the omics sciences has fostered an increasing exploration in this field of research. This review presents essential and relevant concepts in biomarker research, explores the various definitions and classifications of biomarkers according to their purpose, the critical aspects to be considered in experimental design, the primary employed study models (in vivo, in vitro, and in silico) and the factors that have hindered their ultimate implementation. Finally, important, and current clinical and pharmacological research areas in which biomarker research play a central role are presented.

A indústria do petróleo é uma das mais rentáveis pois dependendo das características desse fluido torna se possível ter um elevado valor agregado. No entanto, um dos fatores que dificultam a produção de óleo é a alta viscosidade encontrada em alguns campos de petróleo o que dificulta seu escoamento e consequentemente sua produção. Em alguns casos é preciso utilizar métodos de recuperação para incrementar a produção do poço. A injeção cíclica de vapor é uma das técnicas de recuperação utilizada para aumentar a vazão de óleo devido a injeção de vapor quente no reservatório com objetivo de reduzir a viscosidade do petróleo e assim escoar mais facilmente. Nesse sentido, foi feita uma análise comparativa de três campos fictícios de petróleo (Altamira, Pirabas e Marajó), utilizando o modelo proposto por Boberg e Lantz. A análise foi feita usando a linguagem de programação java considerando diferentes permeabilidades e espessura de reservatório. Assim, foi possível verificar nos resultados que o campo de Marajó teve maior produção acumulada de petróleo para o período estipulado.

Aromatic amines are important intermediates in the industry to produce a wide array of products, and the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds is the main methodology for their preparation. Considering this fact, the objective of this review is to describe the development of sustainable methodologies for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds for their respective amines from 2017 to 2020. Thus, throughout the text, the reaction conditions and the various reagents, solvents and catalysts used in the synthesis of aromatic amines are presented, along with the main advantages of the methodologies described.

ABSTRACT Laboratory chemical analysis of leaf samples can be costly and time-consuming, making it impractical for assessing crop variability. To address this challenge, researchers have focused on developing non-invasive tools that aid nitrogen (N) management, maximizing profits, minimizing environmental impact, and meeting market demands. This study aimed to develop a computer vision-based classifier system for assessing the N status in bean crops. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, involving five treatments (0%, 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% N of the recommended dose) with six replications, totaling 30 pots containing six seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris L. beans in four different phenological phases (V4, R5, R6, and R7). Digital RGB images of the bean canopies were captured using a camera at four-week intervals (30, 37, 44, and 51 days after emergence - DAE). The images were manually labeled to create an image database based on N status. Four different computational N status classifiers were developed by training a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), one for each DAE. The classifiers were evaluated using confusion matrix metrics (accuracy, precision, and recall), resulting in an overall accuracy of about 80% when evaluating nitrogen status at five levels. Improved results were achieved by grouping the saturation classes of the 150% and 200% treatments with the 100% class (>=100% class), yielding an accuracy of 97% for 30 and 44 DAE. Promising results aside, this method opens new possibilities for improvement and application to other treatments, electromagnetic spectrum bands, and crops.

The quantification of torques and moments of inertia of horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbine driveline is important to precisely predict the dynamic behavior of the complete system. Initially, this paper presents different models used in the literature for describing torques and moments of inertia of turbine components. A dynamic model of a small hydrokinetic turbine using belt transmission is developed. The model uses the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) for determining the power coefficient of the turbine rotor and considers the inertial effects and dissipative torques of whole system using some of the torque models and moments of inertia described previously. The results for the dynamical behavior of the turbine model are compared with experimental data, showing good agreement. In order to numerically analyze a more efficient drivetrain, the belt transmission is replaced by a planetary gearbox in the dynamic model, and the new results are also assessed. As a result, it was found that with planetary gears, a more compact transmission can be used, reducing the inertial effects, which brings a better efficiency in the starting of the machine and shortening the transient regime time.

As bibliotecas escolares são um direito assegurado por lei a todos da comunidade escolar, contudo, passados mais de dez anos da publicação da lei 12.244/2010, elas ainda não foram universalizadas. A existência física da biblioteca não garante que ela se manifeste em toda a sua potência, fazendo imprescindível a presença ativa do bibliotecário escolar. Diante disso, esta pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho bibliográfico, tem como objetivo discutir a importância da biblioteca e do bibliotecário escolar, destacando a dimensão da competência crítica em informação. É evidenciado, portanto, que a construção de uma sociedade mais justa e democrática requer a aplicação efetiva da lei, contando, inclusive, com um programa de desenvolvimento de competência crítica em informação. É de grande responsabilidade o papel do bibliotecário neste ambiente, pois dependerá dele as proposições de ações produzidas dentro da biblioteca que perpassam as atividades de leitura, literatura, pesquisa e desenvolvimento de competências críticas em informação. Os estudantes precisam compreender tanto como lidar com a informação e suas tarefas de buscar, localizar, avaliar, usar, quanto compreender de modo contextualizado e crítico as produções e os efeitos gerados pela informação na sociedade contemporânea. A articulação da biblioteca escolar com a competência crítica em informação potencializa também a dimensão da Biblioteconomia Social que se faz com a presença de bibliotecários ativos, críticos e conscientes do seu papel social.

Este estudo parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla intervencionista, busca a relação teórica dos fatores determinantes para implementar processos de controles internos e práticas de gestão de riscos de subscrição à luz da Resolução Normativa n° 443 aplicada às operadoras de planos de saúde. Para identificar as variáveis teóricas, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura, e, se propôs uma adaptação do modelo do Reino Unido (2009) com três componentes (ambiente, processos e resultados) medidos nas variáveis: Liderança, Políticas e Estratégias, Pessoas, Identificação e análise de riscos, Avaliação e respostas a riscos, Monitoramento e Comunicação, Eficácia da gestão de riscos e Resultados Organizacionais. Na dimensão ambiente considerou-se o hibridismo e o conflito de agência decorrente do modelo de negócio das cooperativas médicas, ponderados pela governança corporativa, discutidos no referencial teórico. Na dimensão dos processos considera-se a literatura de gerenciamento de riscos, sobretudo o framework COSO II, além das exigências estabelecidas pela ANS.

In this work we obtain a variational formulation and {\it a priori} estimates for approximate solutions of a problem involving fractional diffusion equations.

O Estado de Pernambuco arrasta uma crônica deficiência na distribuição de água potável. Atualmente a distribuição hídrica ainda deficitária, apresenta um problema empiricamente notável de isonomia, o qual perfaz-se na incidência do regime de racionamento: somente bairros economicamente desfavorecidos sofrem com os efeitos da atuação desta técnica, não recebendo fluxo constante de água da rede geral, mormente as Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social. Não obstante o racionamento, em um fundamento elementar, visar a garantia de acesso a todos, por igual limite máximo, a determinado recurso alimentar finito, o uso do racionamento na cidade do Recife tem sido perpassado por um recorte socioeconômico. Assim, quando se entende o acesso à água potável como um direito humano proporcionador do gozo de outros tantos, a distribuição desigual assume caráter vilipendiador. A noção de água como essência da vida, de tal modo a confundirem-se vida e água nos seres vivos, força a concluir que controlando a água, controla-se a vida de determinadas populações. Nesta perspectiva, pensou-se em uma razão biopolítica por excelência. Diante disso, o objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a ocorrência de operações biopolíticas na distribuição hídrica na cidade do Recife, por meio de pesquisa de campo em um conjunto de bairros com deficiência em tal serviço, buscando compreender qual papel exerce o racionamento nessas operações de gestão da vida. Dessa forma, tem-se Michel Foucault como marco teórico, adotando-se o método dedutivo e fazendo uso de uma análise qualitativa, concluindo que o regime de racionamento da distribuição de água potável na cidade do Recife é um regime de razão biopolítica.

ABSTRACT This study proposes a fuzzy logic model capable of predicting the ocular temperature (OT) of beef cattle by means of infrared thermography. The goal of this study is to establish a methodology for making decisions related to animal welfare. The experiment was carried out at a commercial beef production farm, located in the south of Minas Gerais state, where twenty-eight Brahman cattle (Bos Taurus Indicus) raised in extensive production systems were evaluated. Thermal images of the entire head of the animal were collected in order to measure the ocular temperature (OT). Concurrently, the variables air dry bulb temperature (DBT) and relative humidity (RH) were recorded. The fuzzy logic model was developed using the Mandani inference method, based on the input variables DBT and RH and the output variable OT, and using the experimental data as reference. The proposed fuzzy logic system allows the estimation of the ocular temperature of beef cattle with an error of 1.71% and a coefficient of determination R 2 of 0.8749. These values validate the proposed fuzzy logic system for helping to make decisions for better animal welfare.

As bibliotecas públicas são espaços sociais e políticos destinados ao atendimento de todos da comunidade, assim elas ancoram-se no discurso inclusivo e democrático do acesso à informação, serviços e produtos. Contudo, há ainda um caminho a ser percorrido em direção a diversidade e a multiculturalidade em seus espaços, a começar pelos acervos. Discutiremos neste texto, a partir da literatura da área da Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, a relação entre as bibliotecas públicas e a formação e o desenvolvimento de coleções, tendo como foco a literatura afro-brasileira. Consideramos o papel social das bibliotecas públicas e de seus profissionais, os bibliotecários, como agentes de mudanças, ressaltando a importância de ambos, com vistas à construção de uma sociedade justa e democrática. Compreendemos que esses profissionais devem conscientizar-se da relevância de formar e desenvolver acervos que propiciem o acesso à leitura de livros de autoras e autores de literatura afro-brasileira, visando tanto o fortalecimento das identidades dos sujeitos quanto do pensamento afrocentrado nas comunidades. Em suma, bibliotecas mais democráticas requerem práticas de decolonização dos acervos por meio de ações e políticas de reparação das coleções.

We compared abundance and richness of mites on Miconia albicans (Sw.) Steud. (Melastomataceae) found in Cerrado grassland (CGR) and in Cerrado sensu stricto (CSS), in order to evaluate the effect of plant physiognomy on mite assemblage structure, in the Parque Nacional das Emas, Goiás State, Brazil, a biological reserve of Cerrado biome. In total, 453 mites of 45 species belonging to 14 families were collected. Stigmaeidae was the most abundant predatory mite family, represented by a single unidentified Agistemus species. Among phytophagous mites, species of Lorryia (Tydeidae) were the most common. Lorryia turrialbensis Baker, 1968 is reported for the first time on a Cerrado plant species. We concluded that the Cerrado phytophysiognomy can determine the organization of mite assemblages since CSS sheltered higher species richness and abundance of mites on M. albicans due to has more habitat complexity, species richness and abundance of plants than CGR. Therefore, CSS can provide more food resources, microhabitats for shelter and oviposition favoring the occurrence and populational development of plant mites.

The death of professor Rolf Huisgen (1920-2020) was announced on March 26th 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Professor Huisgen was professor emeritus at the University of Munich in Germany, and studied in detail the mechanism of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, significantly expanding its scope. Even though he did not discover this reaction, it was through his studies that it became important in organic synthesis. Indeed, in honor of his work, the reaction became known as Huisgen’s cycloaddition and it has been consolidated as a useful method for the preparation of five-membered heterocyclic compounds. Considering these facts, in this review we provide an overview on the applications of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, starting with the seminal examples in the field and further discussing the most recent applications.

RESUMO Por meio de um esforço de monitoramento empírico, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar de que modo mecanismos institucionais do Estado brasileiro e recentes movimentos na sociedade afetam a trajetória de construção de uma dimensão pública mais plural no processo de formulação da política de defesa no Brasil. A caracterização da política de defesa como uma política pública sui generis sugere a pertinência de investigar o jogo político entre atores assimétricos que permeiam as tomadas de decisão. Por meio de análises da literatura acadêmica, de relatórios oficiais, do ordenamento jurídico e de entrevistas, este artigo argumenta que houve avanços na construção de uma dimensão pública para a defesa, embora a falta de institucionalidade e a baixa qualidade do diálogo façam que essa trajetória seja frágil e não linear.

ABSTRACT Considering the challenges faced by poultry farming, this study aimed to develop a neuro-fuzzy model to predict eyeball and crest temperatures of egg-laying hens based on environmental conditions (dry bulb temperature and relative humidity). To develop the models and simulations, Matlab’s Fuzzy Toolbox® (Anfisedit) was used. Different configurations were used for each of the several neuro-fuzzy models developed. Eyeball temperature (ET) and chicken crest temperature (CCT) were simulated from the developed neuro-fuzzy models, and the obtained results were validated with the variables collected experimentally with the aid of recorder sensors and an infrared thermographic camera. The proposed neuro-fuzzy models allow the accurate estimation of ET and CCT of two lineages of egg-laying hens raised in conventional aviaries, thus helping in decision-making for better animal welfare.

ABSTRACT The first record of Phyllanthus chacoensis for the Brazilian Amazon is presented, based on a specimen from Rondônia state. The species can be recognized by its cauliflorous inflorescence, staminate and pistillate flowers with 4 sepals, devoid of a floral disk, 4 stamens, 2-carpellary ovary, drupaceous, ellipsoidal fruits, with one seed per locule. The species was previously known only from the central-western and northeastern regions of the Caatinga and Pantanal domains in Brazil. We provide a list of synonyms, a detailed description, an updated geographic distribution map in Brazil, data on habitat and conservation status, illustrations of its reproductive characters, and detailed photographs. We also propose a lectotype for the species.

ABSTRACT Detecting trends in streamflow and rainfall series can have great significance for proper water resource management. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the trends of historical streamflow and rainfall series using nonparametric statistical tests. A historical series of pluviometric and fluviometric gauges, which belong to the hydrometeorological network of the Brazilian Water National Agency in the Santo Antônio River Basin, Brazil, from 1985 to 2014 were used. By applying statistical tests, it was found that the time series are independent and random, and from the total 24 rainfall gauges evaluated, 12 presented nonstationary behavior, exhibiting mostly decreasing trends. Based on the six fluviometric gauges used for the annual streamflow series, only the annual data of one gauge tended to decrease to the minimum streamflow. However, for the monthly series, three gauges showed decreasing trends between July and September. This decrease in streamflow may be a consequence of rainfall reductions, high water demand, and changes in land use and cover.

ABSTRACT Irrigation is essential for the development of crops in regions with scarcity or irregular rainfall distribution, enabling high productivity. However, the use of water resources and electrical energy leads to a concern with irrigation efficiency. Pressure demand varies during the operations of irrigation systems and the appropriate pressure can be regulated by variable-frequency drives for the power supply of the motor-pump set. This study aimed to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of using a variable-frequency drive to adjust the pressure in subunits of micro-irrigation systems. Laboratory tests were carried out to determine the electrical power consumed in each irrigated subunit for different slopes and the application or not of the variable-frequency drive. Thus, an economic analysis was carried out considering the electricity tariff for group B and rural consumer class, as well as different annual irrigation times. The results showed the potential for energy saving with the use of the variable-frequency drive. Thus, the economic analysis showed that the variable-frequency drive was a better alternative than the dissipative method.

ABSTRACT The cultivation of soy and cotton is of great importance in the Brazilian economic scenario, both of which move billions of reais per year in exports. Weed management is important for obtaining optimal yields. Among the plants that have gained resistance and tolerance are those of the genus Ipomoea spp. These plants affect soybean and cotton crops throughout their cycle, thereby affecting their productivity. In this context, the objective of this work was to develop an embedded system for the selective spraying of rope and viola in cotton and soybean crops using algorithms for the classification and detection of objects in real time (Faster R-CNN and YOLOv3). This project was developed at the Agricultural Machinery Laboratory of the Federal University of Rondonópolis. The algorithms were trained to detect three classes (soybean, viola, and cotton) and were evaluated in terms of precision and sensitivity in the laboratory and field. Control results using faster R-CNN sprays demonstrated that real-time object detection algorithms for the selective control of weeds can be used for soybean and cotton crops.

ABSTRACT Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urograndis) production has significantly advanced over the past few years in Brazil, especially with regard to acreage and productivity. Machine learning has made significant advances in most varied fields of agrarian sciences. In this context, this study aimed to use physicochemical variables of the soil as well as climatic and dendrometric variables of eucalyptus to predict its height using the random forest algorithm. The study was conducted in the municipality of Três Lagoas, in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The original database consisted of 49 soil physicochemical variables collected at 0–0.20 m and 0.20–0.40 m, two dendrometric and four climatic variables, and one response variable related to the height of eucalyptus. A correlation matrix was applied to select variables. Furthermore, modeling was performed using the random forest algorithm, which performed well (r = 0.98, R2 = 0.96) in predicting the height of eucalyptus. Overall, the most important variables to predict the eucalyptus plant height included diameter at breast height (DBH), phosphorus content (P1), gravimetric moisture (GM1) at a soil depth between 0.00 m and 0.20 m, and exchangeable aluminum content (Al2) between 0.20 m to 0.40 m of soil.

A cooperação internacional brasileira cresceu no início do século XXI, contribuindo para a conquista de prestígio político, expansão econômica e promoção de desenvolvimento, especialmente no seu entorno estratégico. Contudo, faltam pesquisas direcionadas para estudar como a cooperação internacional pode ser usada para incidir na articulação política com outros países no campo da defesa. Analisando a cooperação brasileira em educação militar com os países da América Central a partir de 1995, este artigo busca demonstrar como atividades de cooperação internacional são instrumentos relevantes e efetivos da política de defesa do Brasil, além de ferramentas de política externa. Para chegar a essa conclusão, foi realizada uma extensa pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, bem como entrevistas com militares centro-americanos. O presente artigo pretende, assim, expressar ao leitor a capacidade da cooperação internacional brasileira em educação militar de incidir politicamente nos países da América Central, o que pode facilitar a consecução dos objetivos elencados na Política Nacional de Defesa do Estado brasileiro.

ABSTRACT Histological analysis of bleached samples of Siderastrea stellata Verrill, 1868, with white plague disease and with alteration in the color pattern, revealed drastic tissue and cellular disturbances, such as lysis of the external epithelium, hyperplasia of gastrodermis, apoptosis of epithelial cells and zooxanthellae, and degradation of mesenteric filaments and reproductive cells. Fungal hyphae, diatoms, and cyanobacteria were present in diseased samples and colonies with alteration in the color pattern. Furthermore, bleached and diseased samples showed significant reductions in the number of zooxanthellae per 100 µm2 of gastrodermis and significant reductions in the diameters and volumes of stage V oocytes. We found that bleaching events, diseases, and colonies with alteration in the color pattern promoted degradation of reproductive cells, resulting in the consequent interruption of the reproduction of the coral S. stellata, which is one of the most common Brazilian coral species. The implications of these indirect effects of bleaching, disease, and changes in coral color patterns in the population dynamics of Brazilian reefs are discussed.

ABSTRACT For safety reasons, wood strength values, essential for structural dimensioning, are calculated based on the characteristic value, which corresponds to the 5% percentile of a given probability distribution model. For small samples, the Brazilian normative document ABNT NBR 7190 establishes an estimator of the characteristic wood strength, which can provide a significantly different result from the characteristic value coming from a suitable model of probability distribution. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the best probability distribution model (normal, lognormal, Weibull, and exponential) and the subsequent calculation of the characteristic value indicated by ABNT NBR 7190 (1997), allowing to evaluate its accuracy, being also investigated two relationships between characteristic values of the simplified characterization condition for woods of species already known. The best adhesion model was the normal model, which resulted in values statistically equivalent to the characteristic values according to ABNT NBR 7190 (1997). Among the evaluated relationships, the obtained results were significantly higher (up to 92%) when compared to those estimated by ABNT NBR 7190 (1997).

ABSTRACT Ornamental pepper plants produced in containers under protected environments have high added value. We carried out research with an aim to evaluate the growth and development of ornamental pepper in containers of different colors under two protected environments, both with thermal-reflective screens under a polyethylene film: one with 18–22 % shading and the other with 42–50 % in colored containers (brown, blue, black, and red). The treatments formed by a 2 × 4 factorial (environments × container colors) were arranged in a completely random pattern with 4 replications and 5 plants per plot, and a joint analysis of experiments was used to compare environments. The protected environment covered with low-density polyethylene film having 42–50 % of shading promoted higher initial growth of pepper plants, including early maturity, compared to the protected environment with 18–22 % of shading. The colored containers, namely, the brown container in a protected environment with 42–50 % shading and red container with 18–22 % shading formed plants with better growth and yield characteristics compared to the black container. The seedlings in the blue container had delayed flowering.