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Two basic themes are discussed and examined in this paper: the incorporation of ten new members into the European Union frame and the creation of institutional-legal structure supported by a Constitution. To do so, I propose, on one hand, to reconstitute the political-institutional steps which covered the period coming from post-war Europe, fragmented and weakened, to a post-Cold War Europe ready to spread throughout the continent. This process began in May 2004 with the incorporation of ten States of Eastern Europe. On the other hand, I intend to reproduce the institutional debate between a Federal Europe and a Europe of States, debate which conducted to the presentation to the European Council of the project of the new Treaty of the Union, which met in Salonika, in June 2003; second, to the discussion of the text of the first European Constitution, in the Summit of Heads of States of EU, held in Brussels, December 2003. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]