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Dom Pedro II was considered a scholar and enthusiast of arts and culture and an important sponsor of science, a facet little known by most Brazilians. He was educated based on the ideals of the Enlightenment. Less well known are his writings on physical geography, caves, and karst areas he passed through. Thus, the main objective of this research is to highlight the records of the karst landscape and its features in Brazil and other countries. To fulfil the objective, the authors carried out documentary research in the travel diaries of the Emperor (1840-1889). The material was transcribed to around 1,064 pages, divided into two thematic axes. He made detailed accounts of the fauna and flora of the places registering in his diaries his geographical impressions of the places. While it is not possible to say that the records were strictly karstological or speleological, the documents are, to some extent, quite scientific. Therefore, it is impossible to deny the importance and cultural value of these documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]