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This paper aims to analyze the vulnerability to climate change of family farmers in the Rio Doce region, Minas Gerais. The theoretical background was based on the discussion about the negative impacts of climate change on family farming. Vulnerability was identified through its dimensions related to sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity, which were measured by representative indexes, based on socioeconomic and demographic data from 206 farmers in the region, and municipality climate variables. The results indicated that low pluriactivity and reduced access to irrigation mechanisms increased farmers' sensitivity. The low precipitation rates, in relation to the regional historical average, increased the exposure to climate change. The adaptive capacity can be attributed to the low access to rural credit and the absence of public irrigation projects. Therefore, high vulnerability were a consequence of high exposure and sensitivity rates, combined with low adaptive capacity. The results suggest that the region should receive attention in terms of public policies to reduce its vulnerability, enabling it to face more intense climate change scenarios in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural and livestock sector has caused approximately 24% of total greenhouse gas emissions (GEE) in Brazil in 2017. In 2009, the Brazilian administration established sectorial plans for the mitigation of climatic changes. The Agricultural Plan for Low Carbon (ABC) and the ABC Program are responsible for target projections to mitigate climatic changes and financial incentives for their implementation. Current paper investigates whether available credit for this public policy is being used in technological processes with great potential for the mitigation of GEEs. Secondary sources of data on the amount of credit of ABC program and GEE emissions have been researched. The historical series of emissions revealed that, within agricultural activities, enteric fermentation of animals and the use of agricultural soil are the main causes of GEEs, with almost 86% of emissions. Results also demonstrated that, within seven priority areas, one has specially received highest investment rates, or rather, the recovery of degraded pastureland, with approximately 30% of investments. Further, 15% of amounts initially projected by the ABN program have been available and only 9% have been effectively spent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to address Climate Change in Brazil, the Bill 493/09 (plp 493/09) proposes the adoption of a differential tax and tariff treatment for products and services based on co2 emissions. This paper analyses the consistency of Differential Tax Treatment in Brazil and the Principle of Non Discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between land use and topography on the variations of temperature and relative humidity in urban and rural municipalities in the Contagem and Betim, south-central state of Minas Gerais- Brazil. The measurement of climatic data occurred during the winter (20/06 - 21/09/2011) continuously and simultaneously, at intervals of sixty minutes, using the automatic sensors (dataloggers - Icel HT model 4000). The weather station INMET, headquartered on the campus of UFMG were used for calibration of instruments and control of the local variations of climatic elements. The data obtained were analyzed in a comparative way in a time sequence taking into account the environmental characteristics (topography and land use) and atmospheric. The temperature of the air taken in urban showed count on "delay" in its development in hourly and lower amplitude when compared to data measured in Betim (rural area). Was attributed these facts to the topographical situation of each of the positions and characteristics of conservation and heat production in the urban environment associated with low specific heat of the materials used in construction, higher density of buildings, relative lack of green areas and participation additional sources of anthropogenic heat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives this paper were to monitor and analyze the parameters: temperature, relative humidity, air speed and direction wind, to understand as occurred the main frames of discomfort or thermal comfort in two contrasting periods of the 2009 (summer and winter) in Ourinhos. In different environments were installed measuring instruments to measure the meteorological variables. The Beaufort scale allowed classifying speed wind. From the Excel application and from the Software Surfer 8 performed the analysis of variables. Finally, from the diagram of human comfort it was found the points of greatest vulnerability to adverse weather conditions. It was possible to verify that the chosen points are shown in accordance with the expected characteristics, in other words, different structures of the environment affect systematically the dynamics of climate. Thus, Ourinhos, São Paulo State, has a tendency to present phenomena as heat islands. It can be concluded that the production of space of this city has favored the framework of environmental degradation and social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses environment subject present in public policies for Legal Amazonia, including the Public Forests Management Law (Law 11.284/06), approved with the purpose of regulating public forests management in Brazil and promoting sustainable development. The Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is suggested as a forest conservation mechanism. Through an hypothetical "zero" deforestation scenario and 100% of not emitted carbon linked to forest conservation projects, an economic revenue equivalent to the logging activities was estimated, and could be obtained in carbon market, contributing to maintenance of climatic equilibrium reducing Greenhouse Gases emissions, as well as keeping preserved biodiversity and environment services values related to standing forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I mainly analyzed the inclusion of environmental budget in climate change models. Considering Kemfert, Lise and Tol (2004)'s approach to show a formal model that puts together economic and climate issues, I analyzed the inclusion of environmental public spending and energy. I tried to show that countries' economic and physical structures establish different public spending, with different environmental impacts and consequences to another nations and that has strong influence on economic models. In relation to public spending, I considered, specifically, the Brazilian federal budget to Environmental Management from 2000 to 2006. In this article, I argue in defense of considering budget for environmental management in the discussion on climate change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]